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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Byzantine Coins| ▸ |The Restored Empire| ▸ |Manuel II||View Options:  |  |  | 

Manuel II Palaeologus, 25 September 1373 - 1423 A.D.

Joint rule as junior emperor with John V (his father), 25 September 1373 - 12 August 1376 A.D.
Lost rule to usurper Andronikos IV (his older brother) and John VII (his nephew), 12 August 1376 - 1 July 1379 A.D.
Joint rule as junior emperor with John V (his father), 1 July 1379 - 14 April 1390 A.D.
Lost rule to usurper John VII (his nephew), 14 April - 17 September 1390 A.D.
Joint rule as junior emperor with John V (his father), 17 September 1390 - 16 February 1391 A.D.
Sole rule, 16 February 1391 - 1399 A.D.
Assigned regent John VII (his nephew), 1399 - 1402 A.D.
Sole rule, 1402 - 18 January 1421 A.D.
Joint rule as senior emperor with John VIII (his son), 19 January 1421 - 1423 A.D.
After his older brother tried to usurp their father's throne, Manuel II was made co-emperor. Andronikos IV and then his son John VII seized rule, but John V was restored. After a five year Ottoman siege, in 1399 Manuel left for European courts to seek aid. Relations with John VII had improved and he was made regent. The siege was lifted after the Mongols defeated the Ottomans at Ankara. During the Ottoman civil war that followed, John VII recovered some lost territory including Thessalonica. When Manuel returned home, his nephew retired to govern Thessalonica. In 1421 the Ottomans assault renewed. Manuel made his son John VIII co-emperor and left again to seek aid. Unsuccessful, the he was forced to pay tribute to the sultan. Manuel II retired as a monk in 1423 and died on 21 July 1425.
1400 AD

|Manuel| |II|, |Byzantine| |Empire,| |Manuel| |II| |Palaeologus,| |25| |September| |1373| |-| |1423| |A.D.||half| |stavraton| |(Pistos| |series)|
Manuel's half stavrata with this reverse legend (which translates: "Manuel who is faithful to Christ the Lord") comprise the "Pistos" (Faithful) series. The "Pistos" series, numbers about half the quantity of half stavrata of the "Imperial" series, with the normal basileus legend (which translates: "King Manuel Palaeologus"). In A Private Collection of Palaeologan Coins, Simon Bendall asserts, "Evidence suggests there were two mints in Constantinople -- the imperial mint producing coinage for the emperor's needs and a public mint where the members of the public could bring in bullion or plate to be turned into money. The "Pistos" coins were probably the production of this public mint at Constantinople."
SH87497. Silver half stavraton (Pistos series), quarter hyperpyron, sigla 68; DOC V 1468 (same dies); Bendall PCPC 343.1; B-D LPC p. 160, 2; Grierson 1518; Sommer 88.3; SBCV 2552, VF, crowded squared slightly ragged flan, bumps and scratches, some light corrosion, weight 3.369 g, maximum diameter 22.6 mm, die axis 0o, Public Mint, Constantinople mint, c. 1405 - 1415; obverse bust of Christ facing, cross nimbus, tunic and himation, right raised in benediction, Gospels in left, IC - XC (Greek abbreviation: Jesus Christ) divided across field, no sigla, double border with pellets between; reverse + MANVHΛ E XPICTO TO ΘEO ΠICT (Manuel who is faithful to Christ the Lord), bust of John VII facing, bearded, nimbate, crown with pendilia, pellet in both left and right fields (sigla); from the Robert Wachter Collection, this is the first ever Pistos series (Public Mint) half stavraton handled by Forum; rare; SOLD


|Manuel| |II|, |Byzantine| |Empire,| |Manuel| |II| |Palaeologus,| |25| |September| |1373| |-| |1423| |A.D.||half| |stavraton| |(Basileus| |series)|
After his older brother Andronikos IV tried to usurp their father's throne, Manuel II was made co-emperor and heir. In 1376 - 1379 and again in 1390 Andronikos IV and then his son John VII seized rule. Manuel defeated his nephew and restored his father's throne. He was then sent as a hostage to the court of the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I, where he was forced to participate in the Ottoman campaign that reduced Philadelphia, the last Byzantine enclave in Anatolia. After a five year Ottoman siege, in 1399 Manuel left for the European courts to seek aid. Relations between John VII and Manuel had improved and John VII was left as regent. The siege was lifted after the Mongols defeated the Ottomans at the Battle of Ankara. Taking advantage of the Ottoman civil war that followed and rival princes seeking friendship, John VII secured the return some lost territory including the city of Thessalonica. When Manuel returned home in 1403, his nephew retired to govern Thessalonica. Manuel was friendly with Mehmed I but after Mehmed died in 1421, the Ottomans assault began anew. Manuel relinquished most duties to his son and heir John VIII, and left again to seek aid. Unsuccessful, the Byzantines were forced to pay tribute to the sultan. Manuel II retired as a monk in 1423 and died on 21 July 1425.
BZ87498. Silver half stavraton (Basileus series), quarter hyperpyron, sigla 51; Bendall PCPC 334.26; DOC V 1453; Grierson 1517; Sommer 88.2; SBCV 2551, VF, toned, well centered and struck on the usual crowded flan, die wear, some light scratches, edge clip, weight 2.873 g, maximum diameter 18.9 mm, die axis 0o, Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey) mint, 1403 - 1415; obverse bust of Christ facing, cross nimbus with pellets in arms, tunic and himation, right raised in benediction, Gospels in left, IC - XC (Greek abbreviation: Jesus Christ) over C - Φ (sigla) divided across field, double border with pellets between; reverse + MANOVHΛ BACIΛEVC O ΠAΛEOΛOΓO (King Manuel Palaeologus), bust of John VII facing, bearded, nimbate, crown with pendilia, Φ left and C right (sigla); from the Robert Wachter Collection; scarce; SOLD


|Manuel| |II|, |Byzantine| |Empire,| |Manuel| |II| |Palaeologus| |&| |John| |VIII| |Palaeologus,| |19| |January| |1421| |-| |1423| |or| |July| |1425| |A.D.||half| |stavraton| |(Basileus| |series)|
In A Private Collection of Palaeologan Coins, Simon Bendall writes, "The last nine issues (sigla 52 - 60), are of such distinct and poorer style, with Manuel wearing a domed crown, that there must have been an interval of time between the bulk of the coinage up to sigla 49 and the final issues. This last group must have commenced before 1421, since the last two sigla are shared by coins in the name of John VIII and of Manuel [includes this coin]. These coins were issued between 1421 when John was made co-ruler with his father and Manuel's death as the monk Mathew in July 1425. There is, in fact, one obverse die which shares reverse dies with both Manuel II and John VIII."
SH90641. Silver half stavraton (Basileus series), quarter hyperpyron, sigla 59 (IK); DOC V 1466 var. (K only, same rev die); Bendall PCPC 334.31; Grierson 1517; Sommer 88.2; SBCV 2551, VF, weight 3.663 g, maximum diameter 18.7 mm, die axis 180o, Imperial mint, Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey) mint, 19 Jan 1421 - 21 Jul 1425; obverse bust of Christ facing, cross nimbus with pellets in arms, tunic and himation, right raised in benediction, Gospels in left, double border with pellets between; IC - XC (Greek abbreviation: Jesus Christ) across field over K (or IK) left and lis right; reverse + MANOVHΛ BACIΛEVC O ΠAΛEOΛOΓO (King Manuel Palaeologus), bust of John VII facing, bearded, nimbate, crown with pendilia, pellet in left and right fields; struck under co-rule with John VIII, 1421 - 1423, or possibly even after Manuel retired in 1423 but before his death on 21 July 1425; rare; SOLD







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REFERENCES|

Bellinger, A. Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection, Vol. V: Michael VII to Constantine XI, 1258-1453. (Washington D.C., 1999).
Bendall, S. A Private Collection of Palaeologan Coins. (Wolverhampton, 1988).
Bendall, S. & P. Donald. Later Palaeologan Coinage, 1282-1453. (London, 1979).
Bendall, S. & P. Donald. "Additions To 'Later Palaeologan Coinage'" in NCirc LXXXVIII.2 (Feb. 1980).
Grierson, P. Byzantine Coins. (London, 1982).
Lianta, E. Late Byzantine Coins, 1204 - 1453, in the Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford. (London, 2009).
Ratto, R. Monnaies Byzantines et d'autre Pays contemporaines à l'époque byzantine. (Lugano, 1930).
Sabatier, J. Description générale des monnaies Byzantines. (Paris, 1863).
Sear, D. Byzantine Coins and Their Values. (London, 1987).
Sommer, A. Die Münzen des Byzantinischen Reiches 491-1453. Mit einem Anhang: Die Münzen des Kaiserreichs von Trapezunt. (Regenstauf, 2010).

Catalog current as of Monday, March 18, 2024.
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