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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Medieval & Modern Coins| ▸ |Syria||View Options:  |  |  |   

Coins of Medieval and Modern Syria
Crusaders, County of Edessa, Joscelin I de Courtenay, 1119 - 1131

|Crusaders|, |Crusaders,| |County| |of| |Edessa,| |Joscelin| |I| |de| |Courtenay,| |1119| |-| |1131||follis|
R. Pesant in "Three Additional Folles Presumably of Joscelyn of Edessa" in NumCirc 100/9 (Nov 1992), pp. 302 - 303, attributed very similar coins to Joscelin I de Courtenay, count of Edessa. He read the inscription in the angles of the cross as corrupt Latin naming Joscelyn. The legend and attribution remain less than certain.
BZ113807. Bronze follis, see Pesant NumCirc 1992 p. 302 - 303 (for similar types); Metcalf Crusades -; Malloy CCS -; Wäckerlin -, Porteous -, aVF, crude, irregularly shaped flan, weight 5.211 g, maximum diameter 21.9 mm, die axis 180o, Mesopotamia, Edessa (Urfa, Sanliurfa, Turkey) mint, c. 1119 - 1131; obverse nimbate and crowned bust of a Saint facing, gospels in his right hand, cross in his left hand; reverse large cross with uncertain legend in angles; ex Leu Numismatik web auction 26 (8-13 Jul 2023), lot 5993; ex European collection formed before 2005; extremely rare; $1350.00 (€1269.00)
 


Crusaders, County of Edessa, Joscelin I de Courtenay, 1119 - 1131

|Crusaders|, |Crusaders,| |County| |of| |Edessa,| |Joscelin| |I| |de| |Courtenay,| |1119| |-| |1131||follis|
R. Pesant in "Three Additional Folles Presumably of Joscelyn of Edessa" in NumCirc 100/9 (Nov 1992), pp. 302 - 303, attributed very similar coins to Joscelin I de Courtenay, count of Edessa. He read the inscription in the angles of the cross as corrupt Latin naming Joscelyn. The legend and attribution remain less than certain.
BZ113788. Bronze follis, see Pesant NumCirc 1992 p. 302 - 303 (for similar types); Metcalf Crusades -; Malloy CCS -; Wäckerlin -, Porteous -, VF, crude, harshly cleaned, irregularly shaped flan, edge crack, weight 4.131 g, maximum diameter 21.0 mm, die axis 90o, Mesopotamia, Edessa (Urfa, Sanliurfa, Turkey) mint, c. 1119 - 1131; obverse nimbate and crowned bust of a Saint facing, gospels in his right hand, cross in his left hand; reverse large cross with uncertain legend in angles; ex Leu Numismatik web auction 26 (8-13 Jul 2023), lot 5989; ex European collection formed before 2005; extremely rare; $800.00 (€752.00)
 


Crusaders, Principality of Antioch, Raymond of Poitiers 1136 - 1149 A.D.

|Crusaders|, |Crusaders,| |Principality| |of| |Antioch,| |Raymond| |of| |Poitiers| |1136| |-| |1149| |A.D.||AE| |16|
Raymond of Poitiers was Prince of Antioch from 1136 to 1149. He was the younger son of William IX, Duke of Aquitaine and his wife Philippa, Countess of Toulouse, born in the very year that his father the Duke began his infamous liaison with Dangereuse de Chatelherault.
CR113210. Bronze AE 16, Malloy CCS p. 203, 17; Metcalf pl. 18, 462; Schlumberger pl. 2, 19, VF, dark patina, tight flan as usual, weight 0.715 g, maximum diameter 16.2 mm, die axis 90o, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, 1136 - 1149 A.D.; obverse R A M in ornamental style within a triangular pattern; reverse AN/TIOC/HIE in three lines; very rare; $300.00 (€282.00)
 


Crusaders, Principality of Antioch, Roger of Salerno, Regent, 1112 - 1119

|Crusaders|, |Crusaders,| |Principality| |of| |Antioch,| |Roger| |of| |Salerno,| |Regent,| |1112| |-| |1119||follis|
Roger of was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 until his death on 28 June 1119. Roger became regent of Antioch when Tancred died. The prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 an earthquake destroyed many of his fortifications but Roger took great care to rebuild them. The Artquids allied with Aleppo and invaded in 1119. Despite the urging of the Patriarch, Roger did not wait for reinforcements from Jerusalem or Tripoli. Roger and nearly all of his 700 knights and 3000 foot soldiers were killed. Artquids forces plundered the land but did not attack Antioch itself. Baldwin II of Jerusalem came north to take over the regency.
CR111252. Bronze follis, Metcalf Crusades pl. 6, 97; Malloy CCS p. 201, 9; Schlumberger pl. II, 12, gF, well centered, heavy earthen deposits, weight 3.622 g, maximum diameter 22.4 mm, die axis 30o, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, Roger's 3rd issue; obverse St. George riding on horseback right, nimbate, spearing dragon below, Θ upper left, ΓWI upper right; reverse POT3EP / ΠPIΓKΠ/OC ANT/OXI in four lines; ex Morton & Eden auction 119 (6 Dec 2022), lot 333 (part of); $180.00 (€169.20)
 


Crusaders, Principality of Antioch, Roger of Salerno, Regent, 1112 - 1119

|Crusaders|, |Crusaders,| |Principality| |of| |Antioch,| |Roger| |of| |Salerno,| |Regent,| |1112| |-| |1119||follis|
Roger of was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 until his death on 28 June 1119. Roger became regent of Antioch when Tancred died. The prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 an earthquake destroyed many of his fortifications but Roger took great care to rebuild them. The Artquids allied with Aleppo and invaded in 1119. Despite the urging of the Patriarch, Roger did not wait for reinforcements from Jerusalem or Tripoli. Roger and nearly all of his 700 knights and 3000 foot soldiers were killed. Artquids forces plundered the land but did not attack Antioch itself. Baldwin II of Jerusalem came north to take over the regency.
CR111249. Bronze follis, Metcalf Crusades pl. 5, 90; Malloy CCS p. 200, 8; Schlumberger pl. II, 11, F, earthen deposits, overstruck, rev. off center, weight 2.956 g, maximum diameter 23.2 mm, die axis 0o, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, Roger's 3rd issue; obverse the Virgin Mary, standing orans, nimbate, MH monogram - ΘV (Greek abbreviation: MHTHP ΘEOY; - Mother of God); reverse + KE BOH Θ / EITWCW / ΔOVλWP / OTSEPI (Lord, help your servant Roger); ex Morton & Eden auction 119 (6 Dec 2022), lot 333 (part of); $160.00 (€150.40)
 


Crusaders, Principality of Antioch, Tancred, Regent, March 1101 - May 1103 and Late 1104 - December 1112

|Crusaders|, |Crusaders,| |Principality| |of| |Antioch,| |Tancred,| |Regent,| |March| |1101| |-| |May| |1103| |and| |Late| |1104| |-| |December| |1112||follis|
Tancred, a Norman leader of the 1st Crusade, became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch when his uncle Bohemund was taken prisoner. He later took the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was captured, but Baldwin was released, defeated him and took it back. Tancred was made regent of Antioch again when Bohemund went to Europe to recruit more Crusaders. Tancred refused to honor a treaty in of fealty to the Byzantine Emperor, making Antioch independent, and ruled until his death in a typhoid epidemic.
CR111233. Bronze follis, Metcalf Crusades pl. III, 50; Malloy CCS p. 199, 3a; Schlumberger pl. II, 6, aVF, dark patina, highlighting earthen deposits, weight 4.799 g, maximum diameter 22.7 mm, die axis 180o, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, c. 1101 - 1103; obverse nimbate bust of St. Peter (patron saint of Antioch) facing, short curly hair and curly beard, scroll in right hand, cross in left hand, O / ΠE-TP/O/C (TP ligate) divided across field; reverse + / KE BOI /ΘH TO ΔV / ΛO COV T/ANKPI (O Lord, help your servant Tancred) in five lines; ex Morton & Eden auction 119 (6 Dec 2022), lot 333 (part of); $100.00 (€94.00)
 


Crusaders, Principality of Antioch, Bohemond III, 1163 - 1201

|Crusaders|, |Crusaders,| |Principality| |of| |Antioch,| |Bohemond| |III,| |1163| |-| |1201||denier|
Bohemond III of Antioch, also known as the Stammerer or the Stutterer, was Prince of Antioch from 1163 to his death. He was a son of Constance of Antioch by her first husband Raymond of Poitiers. His name is sometimes spelled Bohemund. As a child, Bohemond III's mother ruled as regent. Then her second husband Raynald of Châtillon ruled as Prince of Antioch until he was captured. Bohemond was then of legal age to succeed, but Constance refused. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem intervened and declared Bohemond ruler of the principality. Constance asked the he Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia to help her keep rule, but the citizens of Antioch rioted. She was exiled, Bohemond took control, and she died later that year.1165_Map
CR111259. Billon denier, Malloy CCS p. 208, 41 var. (epigraphy), aVF, dark tone, uneven strike with weak areas, edge splits, weight 0.915 g, maximum diameter 16.3 mm, die axis 180o, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, minority under regents, 1149 - 1163; obverse + BOANVNDVS (N for M, A and V of tapered segments), bare head right, degenerate linear portrait, crescent downward on neck; reverse + ANTIOCHIA (reversed N), cross pattée; ex Morton & Eden auction 119 (6 Dec 2022), lot 333 (part of); $80.00 (€75.20)
 


Islamic, Umayyad, Arab Pseudo-Byzantine, Bilad al-Sham (Greater Syria), c. 658 - 693 A.D.

|Islamic|, |Islamic,| |Umayyad,| |Arab| |Pseudo-Byzantine,| |Bilad| |al-Sham| |(Greater| |Syria),| |c.| |658| |-| |693| |A.D.||fals|NEW
The first Islamic coins were imitations of Byzantine and Sasanian types. This bust on the obverse is the Christian Byzantine emperor and the m on the reverse is the Byzantine mark of value for 40 nummi.
IS113291. Bronze fals, DOCAB 69 (same dies); SICA I 542; Walker BMC 65; Mitchiner WOI 11; Goodwin 14; Album p. 36, 3524, F, attractive "Syrian desert patina" with highlighting earthen deposits, light scratches, rev. slightly off center, weight 3.870 g, maximum diameter 20.6 mm, die axis 180o, Emesa (Homs, Syria) mint, c. 658 - 693 A.D.; obverse bust of emperor, beardless, facing, wearing crown and chlamys, globus cruciger in right, Greek inscription KAΛON (good) on left, Arabic script bi-hims (good in Hims) on right, pellet following; reverse large m (40 nummi), star above flanked on each side by a pellet in annulet (bird's eye symbol), Greek inscription flanking m: E/M/I-C/H/C (mint name Emises) flanking, Arabic script tayyib (good) in exergue; $80.00 (€75.20)
 


Crusaders, Principality of Antioch, Tancred, Regent, March 1101 - May 1103 and Late 1104 - December 1112

|Crusaders|, |Crusaders,| |Principality| |of| |Antioch,| |Tancred,| |Regent,| |March| |1101| |-| |May| |1103| |and| |Late| |1104| |-| |December| |1112||follis|
Tancred, a Norman leader of the 1st Crusade, became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch when his uncle Bohemund was taken prisoner. He later took the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was captured, but Baldwin was released, defeated him and took it back. Tancred was made regent of Antioch again when Bohemund went to Europe to recruit more Crusaders. Tancred refused to honor a treaty in of fealty to the Byzantine Emperor, making Antioch independent, and ruled until his death in a typhoid epidemic.
CR98529. Bronze follis, Metcalf Crusades pl. 3, 50; Malloy CCS p. 199, 3a; Schlumberger pl. II, 6, aVF, colorful patina, light deposits, weight 2.877 g, maximum diameter 20.1 mm, die axis 180o, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, obverse nimbate bust of St. Peter (patron saint of Antioch) facing, short curly hair and curly beard, scroll in right hand, cross in left hand, O / ΠE-TP/O/C (TP ligate) divided across field; reverse + / KE BOI /ΘH TO ΔV / ΛO COV T/ANKPI (O Lord, help your servant Tancred) in five lines; ex Leu Numismatik auction 16 (22 May 2021), lot 4200; $70.00 (€65.80)
 


Crusaders, Principality of Antioch, Tancred, Regent, March 1101 - May 1103 and Late 1104 - December 1112

|Crusaders|, |Crusaders,| |Principality| |of| |Antioch,| |Tancred,| |Regent,| |March| |1101| |-| |May| |1103| |and| |Late| |1104| |-| |December| |1112||follis|
Tancred, a Norman leader of the 1st Crusade, became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch when his uncle Bohemund was taken prisoner. He later took the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was captured, but Baldwin was released, defeated him and took it back. Tancred was made regent of Antioch again when Bohemund went to Europe to recruit more Crusaders. Tancred refused to honor a treaty in of fealty to the Byzantine Emperor, making Antioch independent, and ruled until his death in a typhoid epidemic.
CR98525. Bronze follis, Metcalf Crusades pl. III, 50; Malloy CCS p. 199, 3a; Schlumberger pl. II, 6, aVF, tight ragged flan, porosity, areas of weak strike, light scrapes, weight 3.744 g, maximum diameter 20.8 mm, die axis 0o, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, c. 1101 - 1103; obverse nimbate bust of St. Peter (patron saint of Antioch) facing, short curly hair and curly beard, scroll in right hand, cross in left hand, O / ΠE-TP/O/C (TP ligate) divided across field; reverse + / KE BOI /ΘH TO ΔV / ΛO COV T/ANKPI (O Lord, help your servant Tancred) in five lines; ex Leu Numismatik auction 16 (22 May 2021), lot 4202; ex J. Knudsen collection (formed from the late 1970s to the late 1990s); $60.00 (€56.40)
 




  



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REFERENCES

Album, S. A Checklist of Islamic Coins. (Santa Rosa, CA, 2011).
Album, S. & T. Goodwin. Sylloge of Islamic Coins in the Ashmolean Museum, Volume 1: The Pre-Reform Coinage of the Early Islamic Period. (Oxford, 2002).
Balog, P. The Coinage of the Ayyubids. Royal Numismatic Society Special Publication Number 12. (London, 1980).
Foss, C. Arab-Byzantine Coins: An Introduction, with a Catalogue of the Dumbarton Oaks Collection. (Cambridge, MA, 2008).
Goodwin, T. Arab-Byzantine Coinage. Studies in the Khalili Collection. (London, 2005).
Malloy, A., I. Preston, & A. Seltman. Coins of the Crusader States, 2nd Edition. (New York, 2004).
Metcalf, D. Coinage of the Crusaders and the Latin East in the Ashmolean Museum Oxford. (London, 1995).
Metcalf, D. "Billon Coinage of th Crusading Principality of Antioch" in NC 1969. (London, 1969).
Mitchiner, M. Oriental Coins and Their Values, Vol. 1: The World of Islam. (London, 1977).
Morrisson, C. Catalogue des Monnaies Byzantines de la Bibliothèque Nationale. (Paris, 1970).
Pesant, R. "Folles of Doubtful Attribution to Joscelyn de Courtenay, Count of Edessa" in NumCirc 93/6 (Jul-Aug 1985), pp. 188 - 189.
Pesant, R. "Three Additional Folles Presumably of Joscelyn of Edessa" in NumCirc 100/9 (Nov 1992), pp. 302 - 303.
Pesant, R. "Further comments on the presumed coinage of Joscelyn of Edessa" in NumCirc 102/9 (Oct 1994), pp. 355 - 356.
Phillips, M. "The 'Roupen' Hoard of Helmet Pennies of Antioch" in NC 2005.
Porteous, J. "Crusader Coinage with Greek or Latin Inscriptions" in A History of the Crusades, vol. IV. (Madison, 1989).
Pottier, H. Le monnayage de la syrie sous l'occupation perse (610-630). Cahiers Ernst-Babelon 9. (Paris, 2004).
Sear, D. Byzantine Coins and Their Values. (London, 1987).
Schlumberger, G. Numismatique de l'Orient latin. (1878; Supplement 1882; reprinted: Graz, 1954).
Spengler, W. & W. Sayles. Turkoman Figural Bronze Coins and Their Iconography. (Lodi, 1992).
Walker, J. A Catalogue of the Muhammadan Coins in The British Museum. (London, 1941 - 1956).

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