PaphlagoniaBabelon, E. Traité des Monnaies Grecques et Romaines. (Paris, 1901-1932). Paphlagonia was an ancient area on the Black Sea coast of north central Anatolia. Abonuteichus, later Ionopolis (Ineboli). Autonomous Ć, time of Mithradates Eupator, obv. Head of Zeus, rev. ΑΒΩΝΟΥ ΤΕΙΧΟΥ Eagle (see R. N., 1900, p. 8, and N. C., 1905, p. 116). Imperial— Trajan to Faustina Junior, inscr., ΑΒΩΝΟΤЄΙΧЄΙΤΩΝ; M. Aurelius to Trebonianus Gallus, inscr., ΙΩΝΟΠΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ. Types: Asklepios and Hygieia; serpent ΓΛΥΚΩΝ; Demeter; Dionysos; Artemis; Wind-god or promontory(?) ΖЄΦΥΡΙC (R. N., 1900, p. 18). Glycon is the serpent-incarnation of Asklepios exhibited by Alexander, the false magician of Abonuteichus. According to Lucian’s life of Alexander, the name of the town was changed from Abonuteichus to Ionopolis on the authorization of M. Aurelius (see Babelon, R. N., 1900, p. 1 f.). See also Rec gén. , p. 129 f. Amastris (Amasra). Founded circ. B.C. 300 by Amastris, niece of Darius Codomannus, wife of Dionysius, tyrant of Heracleia in Bithynia, and afterwards of Lysimachus. The peoples of Sesamus, Cytorus, Cromna, and Tium were brought together in the new city. Tium, however soon became independent (see Rec gén., p. 134 f.).
Circ. B.C. 300 and later.
FIG. 264.
506
Ć of period of Mithradates Eupator (q. v.) with inscr., ΑΜΑΣΤΡΙΕΩΝ and ΑΜΑΣΤΡΕΩΣ (Imhoof, Kleinas. M., II. p. 501). Also Ć of first century B.C. dated from Pompeian Era. B.C. 64 (Imh., Gr. M., p. 585 f.; Rec gén., p. 138). Imperial— Trajan to Salonina (some quasi-autonomous, time of Trajan and Antoninus). Inscr., ΑΜΑCΤΡΙΑΝΩΝ, rarely with ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ added (Imh., Gr. M., p. 586). Types numerous; often of good work (N. Z., 1891, p. 22). Bust of ΖЄVC CΤΡΑΤΗΓΟC. Zeus Strategos and ΗΡΑ standing. Athena. Hermes with caduceus and discus (N. C., 1898, p. 328; Journ. Int., 1899, p. 137). Asklepios and Hygieia. Dikaiosyne. The City Amastris. Bust of Helios; rev. Crescent and star (Gr. M., Pl. V. 10). Bust of ΔΙΟΝΥCΟC CЄΒΑCΤΟC (G. M., Pl. V. 11). Sarapis. Isis Pharia. Bull ΑΠΙC. Dioskuri with horses. Aphrodite with apple (N. Z., 1891, p. 19, No. 34). Agave with head of Pentheus (Rec gén., No. 53). Ares (Rec gén., Nos. 137, 138). Eirene holding Ploutos (Rec gén., No. 154). Signs of Zodiac. ΑVΡΗΛΙΟΝ ΚΑΙCΑΡΑ ΑΜΑCΤΡΙΑΝΟΙ Statue of M. Aurelius on horse (Hunter Cat., II. p. 234). Bust of ΟΜΗΡΟC. River-god ΜΕΛΗC. River-god ΠΑΡΘΕΝΙΟC. Bust of Faustina as the city ΑΜΑCΤΡΙC. Ram, and bird on column (Z. f. N., xx. p. 270). Galley. Marks of value, Β—Η = 2-8 Assaria (Gr. M., p. 586). Alliance-coins with Amisus (Rec gén., p. 145, No. 85). Cromna, an ancient city, incorporated circ. B.C. 300 with Amastris (q. v.). See Rec. gén., p. 157.
Circ. B.C. 340-300.
Gangra, an old fortress, ΑΡΧ. ΠΑΦ. ΓΑΝΓΡΩΝ, incorporated with Germanicopolis (q. v.). Germanicopolis (Changra). Imperial— With name ЄCΤΙΑ, Nero, Marcus Aurelius (Rec gén., p. 161); then of Sept. Severus and family with inscr., ΓЄΡΜΑΝΙΚΟΠΟΛЄΩC also ΑΡΧЄΟ. ΠΑΦΛΑ. (= archaiopolis αρχαιοπολις or archaiotatae Paphlagonias Παφλαγονιας) ΓЄΡΜΑΝЄΙΚΟΠΟΛΙC ЄCΤΙΑ ΘЄΩΝ etc. Types: Apollo; Sarapis; Bull Apis; Herakles and Hydra; Nemesis; Crouching Aphrodite and Eros (Imh., Gr. M., Pl. V. 19); River-god ΑΛΥC; River-god ΞΑΝΘΟC. Gate with two doors flanked by battlemented towers = the fortress of ΓΑΝΓΡΑ (also with inscr., ΓΑΝΓΡΩΝ, 507
Imh., Gr. M., p. 589 f. Cf. Rec. gén., p. 168). Alliance-coins, with
Ancyra.
Era, Oct. B.C. 6-5 (Imh., Kleinas. M., I. p. 6; Dessau, Z. f. N., 1906, p. 335). Ionopolis. See Abonuteichus. Neoclaudiopolis (Vezir-Keupru), originally Neapolis; also called Andrapa. Imperial— Trajan to Sept. Severus and family. Inscr., ΝЄΟΚΛΑΥΔΙΟΠΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ. Types. Athena; Sarapis; Nike; Asklepios (Rec. gén., p. 169. Cf. Cumont, Studia Pontica, 1906, p. 133.) Era, Autumn of B.C. 6-5 (N. C., 1899, p. 95). Pimolisa (Osmanadjik ?), on the Halys. (Usually placed in Pontus, but see Rec. gén., p. 172.) Ć of the reign of Mithradates Eupator (q. v.). Inscr., ΠΙΜΩΛΙΣΩΝ. Pompeiopolis (Tash-Keupru). Second or first century B.C.; obv. Head of Zeus, rev. ΠΟΜΠΗΙΟΠΟΛΙΤΩΝ Torch in wreath, Ć .8 (Rec gén., p. 173, No. 1). Imperial— Ant. Pius to Sept. Severus. Inscr., ΜΗΤΡΟ. ΠΑΦΛΑ. ΠΟΜΠΗΙΟΠΟΛΙC. Types. Asklepios; Nemesis; Herakles; Dionysos. See also Sebaste, infra. Sebaste. Perhaps a name temporarily borne by Pompeiopolis (q. v.) (Rec gén., p. 176). Imperial of M. Aurelius and L. Verus. Inscr., CЄΒΑCΤΗ ΜΗΤΡΟ. ΠΑΦ. Types: Athena; Bust of Tyche (N. C., 1895, p. 275 f.). Sesamus. This city was incorporated, circ. B.C. 300, with Amastris. Like Cromna, it struck silver and bronze coins shortly before that event.
Circ. B.C. 340-300.
Sinope (Sinub), the wealthiest emporium on the south coast of the Euxine, was a colony of Miletus (B.C. 630). Its dominion in the fifth century embraced a large portion of the northern part of Asia Minor, and its fleet was supreme on the sea. Its earliest issues are silver staters, ranging in weight from 100 to 80 grs. (possibly Phoenician reduced). For the coins see Six in N. C., 1885, pp. 15-50; BMC Pontus, p. 95; Rec gén., p. 178 f.
Circ. B.C. 500 (or earlier?) to circ. B.C. 453.
508
Circ. B.C. 453-375.
Circ. B.C. 375-322.
The coins of this period are similar to those of the preceding, but the name of the city is now replaced by that of a Persian Satrap:— (i) Datames, B.C. 364-362, ΔΑΤΑΜΑ. (ii) ‘Abd Sasan‘ (or ‘Abd Sisin’) written in Aramaic; probably identical with Sysinas, son of Datames, B.C. 362-353 (N. C., 1894, p. 302; Z. f. N., xxiv. p. 72; Rec. gén., p. 183). (iii) Ariarathes’ (written in Aramaic) circ. B.C. 330 = Ariarathes I, king of Cappadocia.
Circ. B.C. 322-220.
Circ. B.C. 306-290.
Attic standard. Circ. B.C. 220 (or earlier ?) to 183.
The tetradrachm with the seated Apollo is imitated from coins of Antiochus III of Syria. 509
B.C. 183-70.
Sinope under the dominion of the Pontic kings. Ć of this period (Rec gén., p. 194 f.) and Ć of reign of Mithradates Eupator (q. v.), inscr., ΣΙΝΩΠΗΣ. Colonial coinage (Rec gén., p. 196 f.; cf. p. 179). In B.C. 70 Sinope was taken by Lucullus, and in B.C. 45 it was made a colonia by Caesar. The earliest coins are without the Imperial head: obv. Head of Ceres, rev. Crescent-shaped object (radiated diadem ?) and plough, with names of duumviri, Ć (Imhoof-Blumer KM, p. 7, No. 4); obv. Bull’s head, rev. Simpulum, Ć (Imhoof-Blumer KM, No. 5). Coins with Imperial heads, from Augustus to Gallienus. Inscr., C. I. F. (Colonia Julia Felix); C. I. F. S.; C. I. F. SINOPE; EX D. D. (decurionum decreto). Types: Colonist ploughing; Genius of Sinope; Sarapis standing; Zeus Sarapis reclining on couch; Apollo in Temple; Nemesis; Dionysos; Dioskuri with horses; Fish; Human leg surmounted by bull’s head (Rec gén., No. 145); Archaic simulacrum and head (ibid., p. 179). Era. The Colonial coins are usually dated. Till Severus Alexander the Colonial era, B.C. 45, is employed; afterwards, the era of the Roman Conquest, B.C. 70. A coin of Domna, however, is dated according to the era of B.C. 70. The word ANN(O) generally precedes the date. The latest discussion of the dates is by Kubitschek in Num. Zeitschr., 1908. Kings of Paphlagonia.Pylaemenes II or III Euergetes, circ. B.C. 133 or 103 (N. C., 1903, p. 329; Rec gén., p. 127).
Deiotarus, Philadelphus, circ. B.C. 31-5.
| PaphlagoniaBabelon, E. Traité des Monnaies Grecques et Romaines. (Paris, 1901-1932). Paphlagonia was an ancient area on the Black Sea coast of north central Anatolia. Abonuteichus, later Ionopolis (Ineboli). Autonomous Ć, time of Mithradates Eupator, obv. Head of Zeus, rev. ΑΒΩΝΟΥ ΤΕΙΧΟΥ Eagle (see R. N., 1900, p. 8, and N. C., 1905, p. 116). Imperial— Trajan to Faustina Junior, inscr., ΑΒΩΝΟΤЄΙΧЄΙΤΩΝ; M. Aurelius to Trebonianus Gallus, inscr., ΙΩΝΟΠΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ. Types: Asklepios and Hygieia; serpent ΓΛΥΚΩΝ; Demeter; Dionysos; Artemis; Wind-god or promontory(?) ΖЄΦΥΡΙC (R. N., 1900, p. 18). Glycon is the serpent-incarnation of Asklepios exhibited by Alexander, the false magician of Abonuteichus. According to Lucian’s life of Alexander, the name of the town was changed from Abonuteichus to Ionopolis on the authorization of M. Aurelius (see Babelon, R. N., 1900, p. 1 f.). See also Rec gén. , p. 129 f. Amastris (Amasra). Founded circ. B.C. 300 by Amastris, niece of Darius Codomannus, wife of Dionysius, tyrant of Heracleia in Bithynia, and afterwards of Lysimachus. The peoples of Sesamus, Cytorus, Cromna, and Tium were brought together in the new city. Tium, however soon became independent (see Rec gén., p. 134 f.).
Circ. B.C. 300 and later.
FIG. 264.
506
Ć of period of Mithradates Eupator (q. v.) with inscr., ΑΜΑΣΤΡΙΕΩΝ and ΑΜΑΣΤΡΕΩΣ (Imhoof, Kleinas. M., II. p. 501). Also Ć of first century B.C. dated from Pompeian Era. B.C. 64 (Imh., Gr. M., p. 585 f.; Rec gén., p. 138). Imperial— Trajan to Salonina (some quasi-autonomous, time of Trajan and Antoninus). Inscr., ΑΜΑCΤΡΙΑΝΩΝ, rarely with ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ added (Imh., Gr. M., p. 586). Types numerous; often of good work (N. Z., 1891, p. 22). Bust of ΖЄVC CΤΡΑΤΗΓΟC. Zeus Strategos and ΗΡΑ standing. Athena. Hermes with caduceus and discus (N. C., 1898, p. 328; Journ. Int., 1899, p. 137). Asklepios and Hygieia. Dikaiosyne. The City Amastris. Bust of Helios; rev. Crescent and star (Gr. M., Pl. V. 10). Bust of ΔΙΟΝΥCΟC CЄΒΑCΤΟC (G. M., Pl. V. 11). Sarapis. Isis Pharia. Bull ΑΠΙC. Dioskuri with horses. Aphrodite with apple (N. Z., 1891, p. 19, No. 34). Agave with head of Pentheus (Rec gén., No. 53). Ares (Rec gén., Nos. 137, 138). Eirene holding Ploutos (Rec gén., No. 154). Signs of Zodiac. ΑVΡΗΛΙΟΝ ΚΑΙCΑΡΑ ΑΜΑCΤΡΙΑΝΟΙ Statue of M. Aurelius on horse (Hunter Cat., II. p. 234). Bust of ΟΜΗΡΟC. River-god ΜΕΛΗC. River-god ΠΑΡΘΕΝΙΟC. Bust of Faustina as the city ΑΜΑCΤΡΙC. Ram, and bird on column (Z. f. N., xx. p. 270). Galley. Marks of value, Β—Η = 2-8 Assaria (Gr. M., p. 586). Alliance-coins with Amisus (Rec gén., p. 145, No. 85). Cromna, an ancient city, incorporated circ. B.C. 300 with Amastris (q. v.). See Rec. gén., p. 157.
Circ. B.C. 340-300.
Gangra, an old fortress, ΑΡΧ. ΠΑΦ. ΓΑΝΓΡΩΝ, incorporated with Germanicopolis (q. v.). Germanicopolis (Changra). Imperial— With name ЄCΤΙΑ, Nero, Marcus Aurelius (Rec gén., p. 161); then of Sept. Severus and family with inscr., ΓЄΡΜΑΝΙΚΟΠΟΛЄΩC also ΑΡΧЄΟ. ΠΑΦΛΑ. (= archaiopolis αρχαιοπολις or archaiotatae Paphlagonias Παφλαγονιας) ΓЄΡΜΑΝЄΙΚΟΠΟΛΙC ЄCΤΙΑ ΘЄΩΝ etc. Types: Apollo; Sarapis; Bull Apis; Herakles and Hydra; Nemesis; Crouching Aphrodite and Eros (Imh., Gr. M., Pl. V. 19); River-god ΑΛΥC; River-god ΞΑΝΘΟC. Gate with two doors flanked by battlemented towers = the fortress of ΓΑΝΓΡΑ (also with inscr., ΓΑΝΓΡΩΝ, 507
Imh., Gr. M., p. 589 f. Cf. Rec. gén., p. 168). Alliance-coins, with
Ancyra.
Era, Oct. B.C. 6-5 (Imh., Kleinas. M., I. p. 6; Dessau, Z. f. N., 1906, p. 335). Ionopolis. See Abonuteichus. Neoclaudiopolis (Vezir-Keupru), originally Neapolis; also called Andrapa. Imperial— Trajan to Sept. Severus and family. Inscr., ΝЄΟΚΛΑΥΔΙΟΠΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ. Types. Athena; Sarapis; Nike; Asklepios (Rec. gén., p. 169. Cf. Cumont, Studia Pontica, 1906, p. 133.) Era, Autumn of B.C. 6-5 (N. C., 1899, p. 95). Pimolisa (Osmanadjik ?), on the Halys. (Usually placed in Pontus, but see Rec. gén., p. 172.) Ć of the reign of Mithradates Eupator (q. v.). Inscr., ΠΙΜΩΛΙΣΩΝ. Pompeiopolis (Tash-Keupru). Second or first century B.C.; obv. Head of Zeus, rev. ΠΟΜΠΗΙΟΠΟΛΙΤΩΝ Torch in wreath, Ć .8 (Rec gén., p. 173, No. 1). Imperial— Ant. Pius to Sept. Severus. Inscr., ΜΗΤΡΟ. ΠΑΦΛΑ. ΠΟΜΠΗΙΟΠΟΛΙC. Types. Asklepios; Nemesis; Herakles; Dionysos. See also Sebaste, infra. Sebaste. Perhaps a name temporarily borne by Pompeiopolis (q. v.) (Rec gén., p. 176). Imperial of M. Aurelius and L. Verus. Inscr., CЄΒΑCΤΗ ΜΗΤΡΟ. ΠΑΦ. Types: Athena; Bust of Tyche (N. C., 1895, p. 275 f.). Sesamus. This city was incorporated, circ. B.C. 300, with Amastris. Like Cromna, it struck silver and bronze coins shortly before that event.
Circ. B.C. 340-300.
Sinope (Sinub), the wealthiest emporium on the south coast of the Euxine, was a colony of Miletus (B.C. 630). Its dominion in the fifth century embraced a large portion of the northern part of Asia Minor, and its fleet was supreme on the sea. Its earliest issues are silver staters, ranging in weight from 100 to 80 grs. (possibly Phoenician reduced). For the coins see Six in N. C., 1885, pp. 15-50; BMC Pontus, p. 95; Rec gén., p. 178 f.
Circ. B.C. 500 (or earlier?) to circ. B.C. 453.
508
Circ. B.C. 453-375.
Circ. B.C. 375-322.
The coins of this period are similar to those of the preceding, but the name of the city is now replaced by that of a Persian Satrap:— (i) Datames, B.C. 364-362, ΔΑΤΑΜΑ. (ii) ‘Abd Sasan‘ (or ‘Abd Sisin’) written in Aramaic; probably identical with Sysinas, son of Datames, B.C. 362-353 (N. C., 1894, p. 302; Z. f. N., xxiv. p. 72; Rec. gén., p. 183). (iii) Ariarathes’ (written in Aramaic) circ. B.C. 330 = Ariarathes I, king of Cappadocia.
Circ. B.C. 322-220.
Circ. B.C. 306-290.
Attic standard. Circ. B.C. 220 (or earlier ?) to 183.
The tetradrachm with the seated Apollo is imitated from coins of Antiochus III of Syria. 509
B.C. 183-70.
Sinope under the dominion of the Pontic kings. Ć of this period (Rec gén., p. 194 f.) and Ć of reign of Mithradates Eupator (q. v.), inscr., ΣΙΝΩΠΗΣ. Colonial coinage (Rec gén., p. 196 f.; cf. p. 179). In B.C. 70 Sinope was taken by Lucullus, and in B.C. 45 it was made a colonia by Caesar. The earliest coins are without the Imperial head: obv. Head of Ceres, rev. Crescent-shaped object (radiated diadem ?) and plough, with names of duumviri, Ć (Imhoof-Blumer KM, p. 7, No. 4); obv. Bull’s head, rev. Simpulum, Ć (Imhoof-Blumer KM, No. 5). Coins with Imperial heads, from Augustus to Gallienus. Inscr., C. I. F. (Colonia Julia Felix); C. I. F. S.; C. I. F. SINOPE; EX D. D. (decurionum decreto). Types: Colonist ploughing; Genius of Sinope; Sarapis standing; Zeus Sarapis reclining on couch; Apollo in Temple; Nemesis; Dionysos; Dioskuri with horses; Fish; Human leg surmounted by bull’s head (Rec gén., No. 145); Archaic simulacrum and head (ibid., p. 179). Era. The Colonial coins are usually dated. Till Severus Alexander the Colonial era, B.C. 45, is employed; afterwards, the era of the Roman Conquest, B.C. 70. A coin of Domna, however, is dated according to the era of B.C. 70. The word ANN(O) generally precedes the date. The latest discussion of the dates is by Kubitschek in Num. Zeitschr., 1908. Kings of Paphlagonia.Pylaemenes II or III Euergetes, circ. B.C. 133 or 103 (N. C., 1903, p. 329; Rec gén., p. 127).
Deiotarus, Philadelphus, circ. B.C. 31-5.
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