| Cista mystica, with half-open lid, from
which a serpent issues; the whole
in wreath of ivy. (Fig. 284.) |
Two coiled serpents, with heads erect;
between them, a bow-case.
Club and lion-skin of Herakles; the
whole in wreath of ivy, vine, or laurel.
(Num. Chron., 1880, Pl. VIII. 12.) |
Bunch of grapes placed on a vine-leaf.
|
Cistophori are known to have been issued at the following mints in
Asia Minor:— Adramyteum and Pergamum in Mysia; Ephesus and
Smyrna in Ionia; Apollonis, Thyateira, Nysa, Sardes, Stratoniceia ad
Caïcum, and Tralles in Lydia; Apameia, Laodiceia, and Synnada in
Phrygia; also in Crete (see supra, p. 479). See Pinder, Über die Cistophoren, 1856.
The cistophori of Pergamum may be divided into four classes.
With very few exceptions all the specimens bear the letters ΠΕΡ in
monogram.
Class I. Circ. B.C. 200-133.
In the field of the reverse, to the right of the serpents, a changing
symbol—torch, caduceus, thyrsos, etc.
Class II. B.C. 133-67.
In field, as a constant symbol the snake-entwined Asklepian staff,
often with the addition of the letters ΠΡΥ in monogram, standing for
Prutanis Πρυτανις, together with abbreviated magistrates ' names.
Class III. B.C. 57-54.
Series of Proconsular cistophori, bearing the names of the Proconsuls
C. Fabius, B.C, 57-56, with local magistrates ' names ΜΗΝΟΦΙΛΟΣ and
ΔΗΜЄΑC; C. Claudius Pulcher, B.C. 55-54 (?), with local magistrates '
names, ΜΗΝΟΔWΡΟC, etc. (BMC Mysia, p. xxx; N. C., 1899, p. 97).
Class IV. B.C. 49-48.
Cistophorus struck by Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio as 'Imperator '; Legionary Eagle, in place of Bow-case, between serpents on
reverse (B. M. Guide, Pl. LX. 5). (For a cistophorus probably struck
B.C. 50-49 by L. Antonius as Q[uaestor] see N. C., 1893, p. 10.)
The bronze coins (sizes 1.-.6) described below have been generally
ascribed to the period (B.C. 133 to Augustus) when the Pergamene kingdom
and its capital became part of the Roman province of Asia. Von Fritze
(Corolla Num., p. 47 f.) has, however, shown reasons for assigning them
to the later period of the Pergamene kingdom, circ. B.C. 200-133. They
would thus be a civic issue supplementing the regal issue of bronze
coins. It may be doubted whether any bronze coins were struck at
Pergamum between B.C. 133 and the time of Augustus.
The coin with ΑΘΗΝΑΣ ΝΙΚΗΦΟΡΟΥ, Owl in wreath, may have been
struck B.C. 183 in connection with the Nikephoria (von Fritze, op. cit.,
p. 56).
Imperial— Augustus to Gallienus. Also quasi-autonomous of same
period. Inscr. ΠΕΡΓΑΜΗΝΩΝ. Types: Asklepios, Hygieia, Telesphoros. The Asklepian cultus was of great importance (see Wroth,
'Asklepios and the coins of Pergamum, ' in N. C., 1882, pp. 1-51,
and von Fritze, Nomisma, ii. pp. 18-35), and Asklepian types are
abundant, especially under the Antonines and under Caracalla, who
visited the Pergamene temple of Asklepios in A.D. 214. ΚΟΡΩΝΙC,
mother of Asklepios, standing; Statue of Asklepios between rivers
Keteios and Seleinos; Asklepios, small naked figure and rat (BMC Mysia, p. 148); Caracalla adoring Asklepian serpent and Telesphoros (BMC Mysia, p. xxxi); also sacrificing to Asklepios (ib.);
ΘΕΟΝ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟΝ, Head of Senate, rev. ΘΕΑΝ ΡΩΜΗΝ, Head of
Roma; ΠЄΡΤΑΜΟC ΚΤΙCΤΗC, Head of hero Pergamos; Athena; Armenian (?) captive (Imhoof-Blumer KM, p. 506); ΣΕΒΑΣΤΟΝ ΠΕΡΓΑΜΗΝΟΙ, Augustus in temple; ΛΙΒΙΑΝ ΗΡΑΝ, Bust of Livia as Hera,
rev. ΙΟΥΛΙΑΝ ΑΦΡΟΔΙΤΗΝ, Bust of Julia as Aphrodite; obv. Bust of
ЄΥΡΥΠΥΛΟC ΗΡΩC, rev. Cypriote temple of Aphrodite (ΠΑΦΙΑ) (see BMC Cyprus, Pl. XXVI. 7); ΖЄΥC ΦΙΛΙΟC; Temple of Rome and
Augustus (BMC Mysia, p. 142); River-god, ΚΑΙΚΟC; River-god,
ΚΗΤΕΙΟC; Apollo Smintheus (BMC Mysia, p. 145); Satyr dancing the boy Dionysos on his foot (BMC Mysia, p. 150); Youthful Zeus,
Gaia and Thalassa (BMC Mysia, p. 151); Ariadne sleeping (Z. f. N.,
xxiv, p. 74); Great Altar of Pergamum, with humped bulls in front
(R. N., 1902, p. 234); Herakles and Erymanthian boar (Inv. Wadd.);
Kabeiri (Z. f. N., xxiv. p. 120 f.).
Magistrates—Vettius Bolanus, M. Plautius Silvanus, Q. Poppaeus Secundus, P. Petronius, C. Antius, A. Julius Quadratus, Proconsuls of
Asia. The usual local magistrate is a Strategos; also Grammateus, Hiereus, Gymnasiarch, Prytanis (a woman, BMC Mysia, p. 145;
cf. Ath. Mitth., 1899, p. 167), Theologos (N. C., 1894, p. 12).
Titles—ΝЄΩΚΟΡΩΝ, Β and Γ; ΠΡΩΤΩΝ; Η ΠΡΩΤΗ ΤΗC ΑCΙΑC ΚΑΙ ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΚ ΠΡΩΤΗ ΚΑΙ ΤΡΙC ΝЄΩΚΟΡΟC ΠΡΩΤΗ ΤΩΝ CЄΒΑCΤΩΝ ΠЄΡΓΑΜΗΝΩΝ ΠΟΛΚ (Caracalla).
Games—ΠΡΩΤΑ ΟΛΥΜΠΙΑ ЄΝ ΠЄΡΓΑΜΩ (Gallienus).
Alliance coins—Nicomedia, Ephesus, Smyrna, Miletus, Sardes, Hierapolis (Phryg.), Laodiceia (Phryg.).
Perperene, south-east of Adramyteum. Small autonomous bronze of
the second or first century B.C. Head of Apollo, rev. ΠΕΡ, ΠΕΡΠΕ, Grapes.
Imperial— Domitian to Otacilia. Also quasi-autonomous Inscr., ΠΕΡΠΕΡΗΝΙΩΝ. Types: Grapes; Telesphoros holding grapes; Asklepios; Two
serpents at altar; Dionysos; Zeus; Athena; Demeter; Apollo (Imhoof-Blumer KM, p. 506); Head of the Senate as town-goddess (ib. p. 32);
Bust of the Imperial ΗΓЄΜΟΝΙΑ laureate, on coins of Caligula (ib.
p. 32) and Nero.
Pitane, on the Elaean gulf near the mouth of the Euenus. Æ, end
of fifth century B.C., wt. 5.6 grs., obv. Head r., rev. ΠΙΤΑΝΑ Pentagram
(Brit. Mus.). Also Æ of fourth century B.C. to first century. Inscr.,
ΠΙ, ΠΙΤΑ, ΠΙΤΑΝΑΙΩΝ. Usual types: obv. Head of Zeus Ammon in
profile or facing, rev. Pentagram. Also Head of Bacchante; Omphalos
entwined by serpent. Imperial— Augustus to Otacilia. Inscr. ΠΙΤΑΝΑΙΩΝ. Types: Round shield ornamented with pentagram; Head of
Ammon; Telesphoros; Athena; Zeus; Prow; Amazon. Magistrates,
P. Cornelius Scipio, Proconsul (with head): Strategos.
Placia, on the Propontis, between Cyzicus and the mouth of the
Rhyndacus. Autonomous small bronze of the fourth century B.C. Inscr.,
ΠΛΑΚΙΑ or ΠΛΑ. Types— Head of Kybele, sometimes turreted, rev.
Lion r.; Lion 's head; or Bull walking. On the worship of Kybele at
Placia and Cyzicus, under the name of ae Maetaer Plakianaeη Μητηρ Πλακιανη, see Mittheilungen d. deutsch. arch. Inst., vii. 151.
Poemanenon, a dependency of Cyzicus, Æ of first century B.C. Type:
Head of Zeus, rev. ΠΟΙΜΑΝΗΝΩΝ Fulmen. Imperial and quasi-autonomous— Trajan to Philip. Types: Head of ΗΟΙΜΗC the founder, rev.
Hermes (Z. f. N., iii. 123); Eros (Invent. Wadd.); Tyche; Tripod entwined by serpent; Zeus; Asklepios. Magistrate, Archon. (On the site
of Poimanenon, cf. J. H. S., xxvi; p. 23.)
Priapus, a colony of Cyzicus near Parium. Autonomous bronze of
the third and first centuries B.C. Inscr., ΠΡΙ ΑΠΗΝΩΝ or abbreviated.
| Head of Apollo. |
Cray-fish (or lobster); also shrimp.
Æ .75-35 |
| Head of Artemis. |
Stag recumbent. Æ .8 |
| Bearded head filleted r. |
Amphora.
(Imhoof, Mon. gr., p. 258) Æ .45 |
| Head of Dionysos. |
Amphora. Æ .7 |
| Head of Demeter veiled. |
Stag and cista mystica. Æ .85
|
Proconnesus. An island in the Propontis, between Priapus and
Cyzicus. Cf. Imh., Mon. gr., p. 259.
Circ. B.C. 400-280.
| Head of Aphrodite in sphendone or in
saccos. |
ΠΡΟΚΟΝ Oenochoë.
AR 39 grs, (Cf. N. C., 1904,
p. 301.) Also Æ. |
| Head of Aphrodite, hair in saccos.
Magistrate, ΑΝΑΞΙΓΕΝΗΣ. |
„ Stag recumbent; in front
oenochoë. |
| Similar. |
„ Forepart of stag and oenochoë. AR 55 grs. |
| Similar; no magistrate 's name. |
„ „ AR 37 grs. |
| Head of Aphrodite. Magistrate 's name,
ΔΙΑΓΟΡΑΣ. |
„ Oenochoë. Æ .7-.35 |
| Head of Aphrodite. |
„ Dove and oenochoë. Æ .55
|
The deer, proxπροξ, on the reverse of the drachm is a type parlant
(Eckhel, ii. p. 477).
Teuthrania (Kalerga), between Pergamum and Pitane. Coins issued
by the dynast Procles I, circ. B.C. 399 (Babelon, Mélanges, ii. p. 189 f.);
cf. N. C., 1894, p. 318.
Thebe, called Hypoplacia, from its situation at the foot of Mount
Placius. Small Æ of fourth century B.C., obv. Female head in saccos,
rev. ΘΗΒ Three crescents united. (Imhoof-Blumer KM, ii. p. 506.)
|
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