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662

Phrygia


Babelon, E. Traité des Monnaies Grecques et Romaines. (Paris, 1901-1932).
Bloesch, H. Griechische Münzen In Winterthur, Vol. 2: Bosphorus, Pontus, Armenia, Paphlagonia, Bithynia, Mysia, Troas, Phrygia... (Winterthur, 1987).
Brett, A.B. Catalogue of Greek Coins, Boston Museum of Fine Arts. (Boston, 1955).
de Callataÿ, F. “Le premier monnayage de la cité d’Amastris (Paphlagonie)” in SNR 2004.
Hoover, O. Handbook of Coins of Northern and Central Anatolia, Pontos, Paphlagonia, Bithynia, Phrygia...5th to 1st Centuries BC. HGC 7. (Lancaster, PA, 2012).
Imhoof-Blumer, F. Kleinasiatische Münzen. (Vienna, 1901-2).
Imhoof-Blumer, F. Zur griechischen und römischen Münzkunde. (Geneva, 1908).
Lindgren, H. Lindgren III: Ancient Greek Bronze Coins. (Quarryville, 1993).
Lindgren, H. & F. Kovacs. Ancient Bronze Coins of Asia Minor and the Levant. (San Mateo, 1985).
Mildenberg, L. & S. Hurter, eds. The Dewing Collection of Greek Coins. ACNAC 6. (New York, 1985).
Newell, E.T. The Alexandrine Coinage of Sinope. (New York, 1919).
Price, M.J. The Coinage in the name of Alexander the Great and Philip Arrhidaeus. (Zurich-London, 1991).
Radet, G. En Phrygie. (Paris, 1893).
Ramsay, W. M. Cities and Bishoprics of Phrygia. (1895 and1897).
Sear, D. Greek Coins and Their Values, Vol. 2: Asia and Africa. (London, 1979).
Sear, D. Greek Imperial Coins and Their Values. (London, 1982).
Strauss, P. Collection Maurice Laffaille - monnaies grecques en bronze. (Bàle, 1990).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Denmark, The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum, Vol. 4: Bosporus - Lesbos (Parts 18 - 21). (West Milford, NJ, 1982).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Deutschland, Sammlung Hans Von Aulock, Vol. 1: Pontus, Paphlagonia, Bithynia, Mysia, Troas, Aiolis, Lesbos, Ionia. (Berlin, 1957).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Great Britain III, R.C. Lockett Collection, Part 5: Lesbos - Cyrenaica. Addenda. (gold and silver). (London, 1949).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Great Britain IV, Fitzwilliam Museum, Leake and General Collections, Part 6: Asia Minor: Pontus-Phrygia. (London, 1965).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Great Britain IX, British Museum, Part 1: The Black Sea. (London, 1993).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Great Britain XI, The William Stancomb Collection of Coins of the Black Sea Region. (Oxford, 2000).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Great Britain XII, The Hunterian Museum, Univ. of Glasgow, Part 1: Roman Provincial Coins: Spain-Kingdoms of Asia Minor. (Oxford, 2004).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Österreich, Sammlung Leypold, Kleinasiatische Münzen der Kaiserzeit, Vol. I: Pontus – Lydien. (Vienna, 2000).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Russia, State Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts: Coins of the Black Sea Region. (Leuven, Belgium, 2011).
Waddington, W., E. Babelon and T. Reinach. Recueil Général des Monnaies Grecques d’Asie Minuere, Vol. I. (Paris, 1904-25).
Wroth, W. A Catalog of the Greek Coins in the British Museum, Pontus, Paphlagonia, Bithynia. (London, 1889).

Before the expedition of Alexander, and the subsequent gradual extension of Greek civilization among the rude peoples of the highlands of central Asia Minor, a native coinage in these regions was non-existent, though
the Persian daric was doubtless current along the more frequented trade-routes from Syria through the Cilician gates and along the river-valleys
of Phrygia and Lydia to the Greek ports on the western seaboard. It
was not until Greek and Macedonian settlers had been planted here and
there in the country by the Seleucids and Attalids in mutual rivalry
that coinage began to come into general use, and it was not until after
the defeat of Antiochus at Magnesia, B.C. 190, when the greater part of
western Asia Minor was assigned to the kingdom of Pergamum, that Cistophoric mints were established (B.C. 189-133) at Laodiceia and Apameia.
Afterwards, when the administration of the country was taken over
by the Romans (B.C. 133), Synnada, as a convenient station on the road
through Pisidia to Cilicia, was also promoted to the rank of a Cistophoric
mint. The Alexandrine tetradrachms of this period, which Müller (Nos.
1178-95) assigned to Philomelium on the eastern highway to Iconium,
belong more probably to Phaselis on the coast of Lycia (Imh., Kl. M., 308).
The only other city which struck silver coins in pre-Imperial times was
Cibyra, which was allowed to retain its independence under its native
dynasts down to B.C. 84. Including the above-mentioned cities, there
were in all about a score of towns in which autonomous bronze money
was coined at intervals during the course of the second and first centuries B.C. These were either the chief halting places on the various
highways from west to east or from north to south, or towns in the
immediate neighbourhood of famous sanctuaries, such as Hierapolis,
Dionysopolis, Hieropolis, &c. Most, though not all, of these towns continued to strike money throughout the Imperial period down to the time
of Gallienus, and as the general prosperity of the country increased under
the organized rule of Rome, mints at many other less important cities
frequently sprang into activity, though it would seem that their issues
were usually confined to special occasions such as periodical religious
festivals or games, and, in many cases, the expense of the coinage was
undertaken by some magistrate or wealthy citizen of high standing, such
as ‘Αρχιερευς or ‘Ασιαρχης, as an offering (αναθημα) to his native city. Such
voluntary liturgies would as a rule earn for the benefactor some honorary title, such as Φιλοπατρις, Φιλοκαισαρ, Υιος πολεως, &c. Sometimes,
however, these liturgies would seem to have been granted ‘at the request
of’ (αιτησαμενου) or ‘on the acceptance of a report by’ (εισαγγειλαντος)
some local magnate and, in such cases, it is possible that the city may
have undertaken the expense of the issue while delegating it in commission to a special officer (επιμεληθεις). [1] As a general rule, however, the


1 See v. Fritze in Nomisma, i. p. 2 sqq.

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municipal coins bear simply the name of the ordinary chief magistrate.
Under the earlier emperors, as in the previous century, the names are
frequently in the nominative case. This usage was soon abandoned, and
from the time of the Flavians the genitive, with or without επι (or rarely
παρα), prevails, and is thus equivalent to a date. The title of the magistrate, Archon, Strategos, or Grammateus, is usually added on the larger
coins. For the geographical information in this section I am chiefly
indebted to Prof. Sir W. M. Ramsay’s Cities and Bishoprics of Phrygia
and to J. G. C. Anderson’s papers in the Journal of Hellenic Studies, &c.


Abbaëtae-Mysi. This Mysian people occupied a district in western
Phrygia of which Ancyra and Synaüs were the chief cities. Imhoof
(Festschrift für O. Benndorf, p. 201) would assign the coins to the first of
these towns.
Autonomous bronze of the second century B.C., all contemporary and
of three sizes, obv. Heads of Zeus; young Herakles; Apollo (Chromios (?))
with hair rolled; and Asklepios; rev. ΜΥΣΩΝ ΑΒΒΑΙΤΩΝ, Winged
fulmen in wreath; Club and Lion-skin in wreath; Double-axe in wreath;
Staff of Asklepios (B. M. C., Phr., Pl. II. 1-3, and Imhoof, Zur gr. u.
röm. Münzk., p. 138).


Accilaëum (J. H. S., xix. 90) on the Tembris or Tembros in Phrygia
Epictetus, east of Dorylaëum and Midaëum, appears to have coined quasi-
autonomous and Imperial money only during the reign of Gordian.
Types—Naked Zeus; Seated goddess with phiale and scepter; Dionysos; Mên; Nike; Tyche; &c. Also ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC. Inscr.,
ΑΚΚΙΛΑЄΩΝ. No magistrates’ names.
Acmoneia, on a tributary of the river Sindrus, about six miles west of
Diocleia (Ramsay, C. and B., 625).
Autonomous bronze of three sizes. Middle of first century B.C. Inscr.,
ΑΚΜΟΝΕΩΝ. Magistrates’ names in nominative case with patronymic.
Types—Bust of Athena, rev. Flying eagle on fulmen, between stars;
Head of Zeus, rev. Asklepios; Bust of City-Tyche, rev. Artemis
Huntress (B. M. C., Phr., Pl. II. 5-7). (Cf. coinage of Apameia of the
same period.)


Quasi-autonomous and Imperial—Augustus to Gallienus. Magistrates’ names, at first in nominative case, and from Nero to Caracalla in
genitive with επι. Titles—Archiereus (or Archon ?) down to Trajan.
The names of the magistrate and of his wife in Nero’s time are some-
times as follows :—επι αρχ. το γ Σερουηνιου Καπιτωνος και ‘Ιουλιας Σεουηρας.
The combination of the wife’s name with that of her husband is strongly
in favor of the title Archiereus, rather than Archon, as the office intended
by επι αρχ. (Ramsay, C. and B., 639 ff.). From Trajan’s time the title is
Grammateus, and, in the reign of S. Severus, Flavius Priscus Jun. boasts
of being the son of an Asiarch. (ЄΠΙ ΦΛ. ΠΡЄΙCΚΟΥ ΝЄΟΥ ΓΡ. ΥΟΥ
ΑCΙΑΡ.). Chief types—Nike; Zeus seated, with adjuncts, owl and crescent; Artemis; Artemis Ephesia; River-god (Sindros?); Kybele; Asklepios and Hygieia; Hermes; Zeus seated to front with two giants at his
feet; Dionysos in biga of panthers, riding on panther, or standing; Amaltheia suckling infant Zeus, around, three Kuretes; Herakles leaning on
club; Demeter standing; City-Tyche seated between two River-gods

664

(Imhoof, Kl. M., p. 193); Horseman galloping towards mountain on
which stand two women, in front, River-god (Sindros ?) (B. M. C., Phr.,
Pl. IV. 6). Also busts of Roma (ΘЄΑΝ ΡΩΜΗΝ), ΙЄΡΟC ΔΗΜΟC,
ΔΗΜΟC, ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ, ΒΟΥΛΗ, &c. For other varieties see Imhoof,
Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 139.


Aezanis in Phrygia Epictetus, near the sources of the Rhyndacus.
Autonomous bronze probably after B.C. 84, the Sullan era, according to
which some specimens seem to be dated (Imhoof, Gr. M., 195). Inscr.,
ΕΠΙΚΤΗΤΕ[ΩΝ], obv. Helmeted bust, rev. Horse walking, sometimes
with palm across shoulder, occasionally on caduceus, above, pileus surmounted by star; obv. Helmet with cheek-pieces, rev. Sword or dagger
in sheath; obv. Head of Zeus, rev. Eagle on fulmen. Magistrates’ names
in monogr., but in one instance at full length—ΓΑΙΟΥ. In the latter
half of the first century B.C. the inscr. is ΕΖΕΑΝΙΤΩΝ; obv. Head of
Herakles, rev. Hermes; obv. Head of City, rev. Dionysos.
Quasi-autonomous and Imperial—Augustus to Gallienus. Inscr.,
ΑΙΖΑΝΙΤΩΝ or ΑΙΖΑΝЄΙΤΩΝ with addition, on a coin of Commodus,
of ΝЄΩΚΟΡΩΝ ΤΟΥ ΔΙΟC (Invent. Wadd., Pl. XV. 7). Magistrates'
names in genitive with επι, usually with patronymic without or with
titles, Archon, Grammateus, Strategos, Stephanephoros, Archineokoros
or Archiereus and Neokoros (?), Asiarch. (For list of names see B. M. C.,
Phr., p. xxiv. ff.) Under M. Aurelius the Grammateus Eurykles dedicates a coin ΤΗ ΓЄΡΟΥCΙΑ (ανεθηκε being understood). Chief types—
Zeus standing half-draped; Athena; Kybele; River-god (Rhyndakos)
holding infant Ploutos; the Dioskuri; ΔΗΜΟC standing; Infant Zeus
suckled by goat; Helios in quadriga; Hermes; Artemis Ephesia;
Hekate triformis; Poseidon; Hephaestos forging helmet; &c. Also
busts of ΘЄΟC CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC and ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC; ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ;
ΙЄΡΟC ΔΗΜΟC; ΔΗΜΟC; and ΘЄΑ ΡΩΜΗ.


Alliance coin with Cadi, under Domitian—ΔΗΜΟC ΑΙΖΑΝЄΙΤΩΝ,
ΔΗΜΟC ΚΑΔΟΗΝΩΝ.


Alia (near the modern Islam-Keui) on the upper Sindrus between
Acmoneia and Siocharax. Quasi-autonomous and Imperial, occasionally, from Trajan to Gordian. Inscr., ΑΛΙΗΝΩΝ. Magistrate's
name G. Asinius Phrygius in genitive with ΑΙΤΗCΑΜЄΝΟΥ under
Trajan, and G. Asinius Agreus Philopappos in nominative under M. Aurelius, with titles ΑCΙΑΡΧΗC and ΑΡΧΙЄΡΑΤЄ[ΥΩΝ] with or without
ανεθηκεν. The expression αιτησαμενου seems to mean that the coins
were issued ‘at the request of’ the magistrate named, who had asked
formal permission to dedicate an issue of coins to the city,[1] while ανεθηκεν
seems to imply that he had fulfilled his voluntary obligation, and been
at the expense of the issue (see supra, p. 662). Αιτησαμενος occurs at
Alia, Ancyra, Eucarpeia, Appia, Stectorium, Mylasa, and Stratoniceia-
Hadrianopolis (B. M. C., Lyd., cxvii). ‘Ανεθηκεν is much more frequent.
Chief types—Mên standing or on horseback.[2] ΔΗΜΟC standing;
Demeter (?); Aphrodite; Apollo; Asklepios; Artemis; Dionysos; &c.
Also busts of ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC, ΔΗΜΟC, &c. (B. M. C., Phr.,
Pl. VI. 5-8).


1 Ramsay (C. and B., 594) suggests that a special grant was accorded from Rome at the
request of an influential citizen. But why the Roman rather than the local Senate ?
2 With regard to the religious cultus at Alia see Ramsay, C. and B., 593.

665


Amorium, an important town in far eastern Phrygia, struck
autonomous bronze coins in the second or first century B.C. Inscr.,
ΑΜΟΡΙΑΝΩΝ. Magistrates’ names in nominative case or in monogr.
Types—obv. Head of Zeus, rev. Eagle on fulmen, with caduceus across
wing; obv. Head of Kybele, rev. Lion on caduceus. (B. M. C., Phr.,
Pl. VII. 1, 2.)
Quasi-autonomous and Imperial—Augustus to Geta. Magistrates’
names in nominative case under Augustus; afterwards in genitive with
επι, or two names with family name, e.g. Silvanus and Justus, Vipsanii,
ЄΠΙ CΙΛΟΥΑΝΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΙΟΥCΤΟΥ ΟΥЄΙΨΑΝΙWΝ. The title, Archon,
is added on coins of Caracalla and Geta. Imhoof (Kl. M., 202) points
out that Amorium is called in an inscription (B. C. H., xix. 555 ff.)
η λαμπροτατη και συμμαχος ‘Ρωμαιων, and that nearly all the magistrates’
names from Caligula onwards are Roman. Chief types—Zeus seated;
Temple of Zeus; Demeter; Aphrodite; Athena; Nemesis; Bust of
Sarapis, rev. Isis; Herakles before the tree of the Hesperides; River-
god; Eagle on altar; Rhea seated before infant Zeus; Artemis and
Apollo with altar between them; Dionysos and satyr; &c. (see B. M. C.,
Phr., Pls. VII and VIII). Also busts of ΘЄΑ ΡΩΜΗ, ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC
and ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ.


Ancyra, the chief city of the district Abbaïtis in western Phrygia,
was probably the place of mintage in the second century B.C. of the
coins reading ΜΥΣΩΝ ΑΒΒΑΙΤΩΝ (see Abbaëtae-Mysi, supra, p. 663).
After a long interval Ancyra begins again to strike quasi-autonomous
and Imperial coins from the reign of Nero, when the town bore for

a time the name of Julia. Inscr., ΙΟΥΛΙΕΩΝ ΑΝΚΥΡΑΝΩΝ (Wadd.,
Fastes, 135), down to that of Philip. Ordinary Inscr., ΑΝΚΥΡΑΝΩΝ.
Magistrates—Proconsul, Volasenna, A.D. 62-63, ΠΟ. ΟΥΟΛΑCЄΝΝΑ
ΑΝΘΥΠΑΤΩ, ΑΙΤΗCΑΜЄΝΟΥ ΤΙ. ΒΑCCΙΛΑΟΥ ЄΦ(ορου). From Nero
onwards the magistrate’s title is Archon or First Archon, who is also
occasionally qualified as Hiereus, Stephanephoros, or Stephanephoros and
Archiereus. [1] Chief types—Zeus standing, holding anchor and scepter.
The anchor on the coins of Ancyra in Galatia, which King Midas found,
and which in the time of Pausanias (i. 4) was still to be seen in the
temple of Zeus in that city, proves that the same legend must have been
common to both cities, unless at the Phrygian town it was merely a
type parlant. Zeus and Hera face to face, sometimes between cypress
trees; Artemis Ephesia; Athena; Poseidon seated. Also busts, ΘЄΑ
ΡΩΜΗ, ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC, ΘЄΟΝ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟΝ, ΔΗΜΟC, &c. (B. M. C.,
Phr., Pl. IX).


For list of magistrates’ names, &c., see B. M. C., Phr., p. xxix ff. and
Pl. IX.


Antiocheia, η προς τη Πισιδια (Strab. 577), see infra under Pisidia.
(Imhoof, Kl. M., p. 356.)


Apameia, founded by Antiochus I (Soter) and named after his mother
Apama, superseded the older stronghold and royal residence Celaenae
1 The coin of Antinoüs, dedicated by Julius Saturninus, ΑΝΚΥΡΑΝΟΙC (Mion. iv.
221, 160) belongs to Ancyra Galatiae (cf. C. I. G., 4013).

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which occupied the heights above it. Situate near the sources of the
Maeander and its tributary mountain torrents, Marsyas, Orgas, and
Therma, it was a central point from which trade-routes radiated in every
direction. It became a commercial junction where goods arriving by
the caravan routes from the east were packed in chests to be forwarded
to the various seaports, Ephesus, Pergamum, &c. Hence its nickname
η Κιβωτος, ‘the chest.’ There was also a tradition, due perhaps to a
Jewish element in the population, that the mountain above the town
was Ararat and that the Ark of Noah (η Κιβωτος) first rested on the hill
of Celaenae. Its earliest coins are Cistophori and Half-Cistophori of the
usual types, which fall chronologically into three classes. (i) B.C. 189-
133 with monogram . (ii) After B.C. 133 with ΑΠΑ and magistrates’
names in genitive case. (iii) Proconsular Cistophori, B.C. 57-48, of
C. Fabius, B.C. 57-56, P. Lentulus, B.C. 56-53, Appius Claudius Pulcher,
B.C. 53-51, M. Tullius Cicero, B.C. 51-50, and of C. Fannius, Pontifex,
Praetor, B.C. 49-48, with local magistrates’ names usually accompanied
by a patronymic. On the coins of classes ii and iii the adjunct symbol
is the double-flute of Marsyas. Lentulus, Pulcher, and Cicero were Pro-
consuls of Cilicia, to which province a portion of Phrygia was temporarily
attached.


The autonomous bronze coins of Apameia range from B.C. 133-48, and
are of four types :


(i) Bust of Athena, rev. Eagle flying over Maeander symbol, between
the caps of the Dioskuri.


(ii) Head of Zeus, rev. Cultus-statue of Artemis Anaïtis.


(iii) Bust of Artemis turreted, as City-goddess, rev. Marsyas, on
Maeander symbol.


(iv) Head of Zeus, rev. Crested helmet, on Maeander symbol.


These four denominations are contemporary with one another, and
bear magistrates’ names in nominative or genitive case with patronymic:
some of the names are identical with those on the cistophori. For
illustrations see B. M. C., Phr., Pl. X. Quasi-autonomous and Impe-
rial—Augustus to Saloninus. Inscr., ΑΠΑΜΕΩΝ, or rarely ΑΠΑ-
ΜΕΙC, ΚΟΙΝΟΝ ΦΡΥΓΙΑC, and, later, ΑΠΑΜЄΩΝ. Magistrates—
Marius Cordus and M. Vettius Niger, Proconsuls of Asia under Nero,
and M. Plancius Varus under Vespasian, A. D. 79. Local magistrates—
Names at first in nominative case, but from Nero in genitive, with επι,
επιμ[εληεντος], or παρα under Commodus, and again, usually, from time
of Gordian, when the magistrate is a Panegyriarch. The following titles
are sometimes added : Agonothetes, Hippikos, Asiarch, Grammateus,
Panegyriarch, Archiereus. For list of names see B. M. C., Phr.,
pp. xxxviff. Chief types—ΜΑΡCΥΑC playing double flute; ΜΑΡCΥΑC
seated in grotto with packing chests around him. Inscr., ΚΙΒΩΤΟΙ
ΑΠΑΜЄΩΝ; Zeus (Kelaineus) seated; ΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ standing; Athena
standing, or seated playing double flute, her face reflected in the waters
of a fountain, and, on a lofty rock above her, the satyr Marsyas in attitude
of astonishment; Aphrodite standing; Chest or ark (κιβωτος) inscribed
ΝΩЄ, floating on water and containing two figures, and in front the same
pair, a man and a woman, and, on the top, a raven (?), and above it a dove
flying with a branch in her beak (Fig. 313). This type is probably copied
from some painting in the city delineating the myth which localized the
resting-place of Noah’s ark on the mountain behind Apameia (Ramsay,

667

C. and B., 669). Also Lion before thyrsos, with cista mystica above;
Hero ΚЄΛΑΙΝΟC standing; Pan standing; Hermes seated; Poseidon




FIG. 313.




standing; Hekate triformis, sometimes with epithet CΩΤЄΙΡΑ; River-
god ΜΑΙΑΝΔΡΟC recumbent; Cultus-statue of Artemis Ephesia with
four river-gods around her inscribed ΜΑΙ., ΜΑΡ., ΟΡ., and ΘЄΡ.
(Maeander, Marsyas, Orgas, and Therma) (Fig. 314). There are still




FIG. 314.




hot springs at Apameia, called Sidja by the Turks. Another pictorial
type shows Adrasteia nursing the infant Zeus and surrounded by the
three Kuretes (Mion. iv. No. 270). The obv. types are frequently busts
of ΚЄΛΑΙΝΟC, ΑΠΑΜЄΙΑ, ΖЄΥC ΚЄΛЄΝЄΥC. ΔΙΟΝΥCΟC ΚЄΛΑΙ-
ΝЄΥC (Z. f. N., xv. 49), ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC, ΒΟΥΛΗ, ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ,
ΔΗΜΟC. For illustrations see B. M. C., Phr., Pls. XI and XII.


Alliance coins with Ephesus, under Philip Sen. (B. M. C., Phr.,
Pl. LI. 2).


Appia (Abia), on the north road from Acmoneia to Cotiaëum, about
thirty miles north of Acmoneia, and the same distance south of Cotiaëum.
Its territory comprised the valley of the upper Tembris, north-east of
Mount Dindymus. Autonomous bronze, second or first century B.C.
Inscr., ΑΠΙΑΝΩΝ, obv. Head of Kybele, rev. Zeus aëtophoros seated
(Imh., Kl. M., i. p. 214). Quasi-autonomous and Imperial—Nero to
Philip and Otacilia. Inscr., ΑΠΠΙΑΝΩΝ. Magistrates’ names from
Trajan, and titles, Strategos with ΑΙΤΗ[CΑΜЄΝΟΥ] (see p. 662); Gram-

668

mateus with επι (S. Severus and Geta); and First Archon with επι
(Philip and Otacilia). Chief types—River-god (Tembris (?)); Zeus
(Laodikeus) standing; Dionysos standing; Emperor (Philip Jun.)
standing; City-goddess seated between Tyche and Emperor who crowns
her (B. M. C., Phr., p. xi and Pl. XIII).
Beudus Vetus. See Palaeobeudus.


Bria, between Eumeneia and Sebaste, at the foot of the Burgas Dagh.
Quasi-autonomous and Imperial only in time of S. Severus and family.
Inscr., ΒΡΙΑΝΩΝ. Magistrate, Strategos. Types: Head of Sarapis
rev. Isis; Head of Athena, rev. Hermes standing; The Dioskuri beside
their horses; Tyche; &c. (B. M. C., Phr., p. xli and Pl. XIII).
Bruzus (Kara-Sandukli) was the most northerly of a group of five
cities (the Phrygian Pentapolis) occupying the valley of the upper
Glaucus. The others were Eucarpeia, Otrus, Hieropolis, and Stectorium.
Quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins—Hadrian (?) to Gordian. Inscr.
ΒΡΟΥΖΗΝΩΝ. Dedicatory issues with ΑΝЄΘΗΚЄ in the time of
Hadrian (?), Severus, and Caracalla, but no magistrates’ names on later
coins. Chief types—Zeus enthroned, in one instance with two serpent-
footed Giants beneath (Imh., Kl. M., i. Pl. VII. 17); Zeus seated in
temple; or with Hera standing before him; City-goddess standing;
Hekate with two torches on globe; Demeter in serpent-car; Asklepios
and Hygieia; Poseidon; &c. Also busts of City, ΒΡΟVΖΟC, ΔΗΜΟC,
and ΒΟVΛΗ (B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XIV. 1-7).
Alliance coin with Ococleia struck at the latter place under Com-
modus (N. C., 1892, Pl. XVI. 18).


Cadi (Gediz), near the sources of the Hermus at the foot of Mount
Dindymus, in the district called Abbaïtis in Phrygia Epictetus. Quasi-
autonomous—Head of young Herakles, rev. ΚΑΔΟΗΝΩΝ Lion walking
(B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XIV. 9) or Apollo standing leaning on stele (Imh.,
Kl. M., p. 247, No. 1); &c. Also Imperial—Claudius to Gallienus.
Inscr., ΚΑΔΟΗΝΩΝ. Magistrates with επι, Stephanephoros (time of
Claudius), Archon or First Archon from Hadrian onwards. Games—
CЄΒΑCΤΑ ΟΜΟΒΩΜΙΑ (Elagabalus and Treb. Gallus) and ΑΥΓΟΥ-
CΤЄΙΑ (Gallienus). Chief types—Zeus Lydios or Laodikeus; Artemis
Ephesia; both deities sometimes in temples; The Capitoline Triad—
Zeus, Hera, and Athena; Two Nemeses; Kybele; Demeter; Dionysos;
Athena; Hermes; Asklepios and Hygieia; Apollo; Artemis; River-god
ЄΡΜΟC; Roma seated; &c. Also busts of CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC, ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ,
ΙЄΡΟC ΔΗΜΟC, ΔΗΜΟC, ΒΑCΙΛЄΥC ΜΙΔΑC Bust of King Midas, &c.
(B. M. C., Phr., Pls. XIV, XV).
Alliance coins with Aezanis (see supra, p. 664), struck at the latter
place.


Ceretapa (Kayadibi) in southern Phrygia, on the bank of a small lake
about twenty miles south-east of Colossae. Quasi-autonomous and
Imperial coins—Ant. Pius, Commodus, S. Severus, and Caracalla, &c.
Inscr., ΚЄΡЄΤΑΠЄΩΝ ΔΙΟΚΑΙCΑΡЄΩΝ or ΚЄΡЄΤΑΠЄΩΝ. Magis-
trate’s name with patronymic, under Commodus with παρα, under
Severus, &c., with title Strategos without preposition. Chief types—

669

Herakles and Zeus face to face; Child Herakles kneeling on rocks with
serpents twined round his arms; Attributes of Herakles, bow in case,
club, and lion-skin; also types relating to the worship of Zeus, Kybele,
Dionysos, Sarapis, Athena; River-god ΑVΛΙΝΔΗ[Ν]ΟC (Imhoof, Zur
gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 155); also Busts of Herakles, ΒΟVΛΗ, &c.
A coin of young Caracalla, as Caesar, bears his original name
ΒΑCCΙΑΝΟC (Z. f. N., xvii. 20). Vaillant (Num. Gr., p. 69) cites an
alliance coin of Hierapolis with Ceretapa (Commodus), but no specimen
is known to me.
Cibyra. This city, near the sources of the Indus in southern
Phrygia, bordering upon Lycia, was not incorporated into the Roman
province of Asia until B.C. 84. After the defeat of Antiochus, B.C. 190,
Cibyra gained or retained its independence as the chief city of
a confederation of four towns, Cibyra, Balbura, Bubon, and Oenoanda,
constituting the Cabalian Tetrapolis. Cibyra struck silver tetradrachms
and drachms of the Cistophoric standard, and bronze coins which appear
to belong to the period 166 to 84 B.C. They often bear names in the
nominative case at full length, or more commonly abbreviated or in
monogram. It has been thought that these names are those of dynasts
of the Cibyratis, on the ground that one of them, Moagetes, is identical
with the name of the last dynast, who was dispossessed by the Romans
in B.C. 84; but it would seem that the names on the coins are far too
numerous to be those of reigning dynasts (see B. M. C., Phr., p. xlvi).
The types are as follows:—

Helmeted male head.

[Imh., Kl. M., i. Pl. VIII. 6.]
ΚΙΒΥΡΑΤΩΝ Naked rider with lance
or lance and shield, names ΜΟΑ-
ΓΕΤΗ[Σ] or ΠΑΠΗΣ.
AR Dr. 53-50 grs.

Id.

[Imh., Kl. M. 251, and Mon. gr. 395.]
Similar, but horseman wears cuirass
and helmet. Numerous names, usually
abbreviated or in mon. and various
adjunct symbols.
AR Tetradr. 196 grs.

AR Dr. 47 grs.

Helmeted head.
ΚΙΒΥΡΑΤΩΝ Humped bull in incuse
square. Æ .4

Id.
Eagle; Rider; Forepart of horse; &c.
Æ .4

Head of Helios.
Humped bull; Forepart of do.; Bust of
horse. Æ .4

Head of Zeus.
Apollo standing. Æ .4

Heads of the Dioskuri.
Nike erecting trophy. Æ .4

Female head.
ΚΙΒΥΡΑΤΩΝ Rose. Æ .4



For other varieties see Imhoof (op. cit., and Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk.,
p. 156).


A few of the bronze coins are dated either from the era of Asia,
B.C. 134-133, or from the Sullan era, B.C. 84. The next era of
Cibyra dates from A.D. 24, as is proved by a coin of Elagabalus (Imh.,
Kl. M., 253).


Quasi-autonomous and Imperial— Augustus to Gallienus. Inscr.

670

ΚΙΒΥΡΑΤΩΝ or CЄΒ. ΚΙΒΥΡΑΤΩΝ (Augustus). ΚΑΙCΑΡЄΩΝ ΚΙΒΥ-
ΡΑΤΩΝ (see Imh., Kl. M., 256), in honor of Tiberius, was also in
frequent use. Magistrates’ names at first in nominative without title,
from Domitian in genitive with επι, and occasional title, Archiereus, or
Grammateus. After Severus, magistrates’ names do not occur. Chief
types—Dionysos; Zeus; Hades; Winged Nemesis; Amazon in various
aspects, regarded as City-goddess; Veiled goddess (Hekate) with torch, in
biga drawn by lions; a large wicker basket, the name of which may
have been similar in sound to that of the name of the town; cf. κιβυσις,
κυβισις, κιββα, κιβωτος (Wadd., As. Min., 19). This basket occurs fre-
quently also as a symbol, and is often borne as a crown on the heads of
various divinities (Θεοι Πισιδικοι (?), Imhoof, Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk.,
p. 157). Other frequent types are—River-god (Indos ?); Kore; Hekate
triformis; Herakles resting his club on small terminal figure; also
heads of CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC; ΒΟΥΛΗ; ΔΗΜΟC; ΚΙΒΥΡΑ; ΙΝΩ; [ΡΩ]ΜΗ

ΑΔΡΙΑΝ[Η?]; and portraits inscribed ΑΤΙΩΣ, ΟΥΗΡΑΝΙΟC, and
ΜΑΡΚЄΛΛΟC, probably local celebrities. Games—ΠΥΘΙΑ(?) (Mion. iv.
261, No. 391) if Sestini’s description is to be trusted.


Alliance coins with Ephesus under Sev. Alex., and with Hierapolis
under M. Aurelius and Faustina.


Cidyessus, in the Sitchanli Ova, some thirty miles east of Siocharax.
Quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins-Domitian to Otacilia. Inscr.,
on obverse, ΚΙΔΥΗΣΣΕΙΣ ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤΟΡΑ ΔΟΜΙΤΙΑΝΟΝ, or, on
reverse, ΚΙΔΥΗCCЄΩΝ. Magistrates’ names with επι—Archiereus, First
Archon, or Logistes. Types—Zeus seated; Kybele seated; Athena
standing; Mên (?) standing before seated Zeus, altar between them;
Dionysos standing, with panther at his feet and small figure of Pan
behind him; Bust of ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC; &c. (B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XIX.
1-3).
Colossae, on the Lycus, about twelve miles above Laodiceia. Auto-
nomous—of the second or first century B.C. Obv., Head of Zeus, rev., ΚΟ-
ΛΟΣΣΗΝΩΝ Winged fulmen (Sir H. Weber Coll.). Quasi-autonomous
and Imperial—Aelius Caesar to Gallienus (?). Inscr., ΚΟΛΟCCΗΝΩΝ
(rarely ΚΟΛΟCCΗΝΟΙC ΑΝЄΘΗΚЄΝ). Magistrates from Aelius Caes.
to Caracalla, with or without titles—Grammateus, Archon, Strategos,
Stephanephoros, &c.; and, on coins of Commodus, CΤΡΑΤΗΓ. ΤΩΝ ΠЄΡΙ
ΖΩCΙΜΟΝ ΦΙΛΟΠΑΤΟΡΑ (Imhoof, Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 158).
The coins appear to be all dedicatory. Chief types—River-god ΛΥΚΟC
recumbent; Wolf, symbol of R. Lycus; Artemis huntress; Artemis
Ephesia; Artemis in biga of stags; Athena; Leto with infants; Zeus
Laodikeus; Helios; Demeter; Sarapis; Isis; Asklepios and Hygieia;
also busts of ΒΟΥΛΗ; ΔΗΜΟC; Helios; Mên; Athena; Sarapis; &c.
(B. M. C., Phr., p. xlix, and Pl. XIX. 4-9).
Cotiaëum (Koutaya), on the upper Tembris, about thirty miles north
of Appia on the north road from Acmoneia to Dorylaëum. Quasi-
autonomous and Imperial coins, Tiberius to Gallienus. Inscr., ΚΟ-
ΤΙΑΕΙΣ ΡΩΜΗΝ or ΣΥΝΚΛΗΤΟΝ and, later, ΚΟΤΙΑЄΩΝ. Magis-
trates—ΕΠΙ ΜΑΡΚΟΥ ΛΕΠΙΔΟΥ M. Aemilius Lepidus, Proconsul of
Asia, A.D. 21-22, and Μ. CΚΑΠΛΑ ΑΝΘ., M. Scapula, Proconsul under
Trajan (Hunter, ii. 483). Local magistrates with επι, with or without

671

titles, υιος πολεως, Archon or First Archon, Agonothetes δια βιου, Philopa-
tris, Epimeletes, Stephanephoros, υιος ιππικου, Hippikos, and Archiereus.
For fuller list of names and titles see B. M. C., Phr., p. li.
Chief types—Kybele seated, often in lion-car, the lions sometimes
supporting on their heads an agonistic table; Helios in quadriga, or
standing with seated statuette of Kybele on his arm; Herakles with same
statuette, or with infant Telephos, or in the garden of the Hesperides;
Zeus seated; Apollo seated, or standing before tripod; Artemis Ephesia;
Asklepios and Hygieia; &c. Also heads of Roma (ΡΩΜΗΝ), Synkletos
(ΣVΝΚΛΗΤΟΝ), and ΔΗΜΟC (B. M. C., Phr., Pls. XX-XXII).


Alliance coins with Ephesus. ΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ ΠΡΟΟ ЄΦЄCΙΟVC (Cara-
calla). City of Cotiaëum represented by Kybele seated before Artemis
Ephesia and crowned by Tyche (B. M. C., Phr., Pl. LI. 6).


Diocleia (Doghla), in the country of the Moxeani, stood in a well-
watered valley on the road from Acmoneia to Eucarpeia.


Imperial coins, of Elagabalus only. Inscr., ΔΙΟΚΛЄΑΝΩΝ ΜΟΖЄ-
ΑΝΩΝ. Types—Apollo standing between tripod and column, on which
he supports his lyre (B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XXII. 7; cf. Hirsch, Auct. Cat.
xiii. 4116); Demeter standing (Z. f. N., xvi. 8).
Dionysopolis occupied a fertile district on the south bank of the upper
Maeander, by which its territory was separated from the κοινον of the
Hyrgaleis (Ramsay, C. and B., 126; J. H. S., iv. 374 ff, x. 216 ff.;
Reinach, Chron. d'Or., i. 497. 4). According to Steph. Byz. it was founded
by Eumenes II (B.C. 197-159) and Attalus II (B.C. 159-138) of Pergamum
on the spot where a ζοανον of Dionysos had been found. Autonomous Æ
of second or first century B.C. Obv. Head of young Dionysos in ivy-
wreath, rev. ΔΙ°ΝΥΣ Bunch of grapes (B. M.). Obv. Bust of young
Dionysos in ivy-wreath with thyrsos at shoulder, rev. ΔΙΟΝΥΣΟ, Dio-
nysos standing wearing himation, holding thyrsos and grapes over
panther. Magistrate’s name with patronymic as on contemporary
coins of Apameia. Quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins, Tiberius
to Maesa. Inscr., ΔΙΟΝΥΣΟΠΟΛΙΤΩΝ, ΔΙΟΝΥCΟΠΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ.
Magistrates’ names in nominative with patronymic under Tiberius.
In time of Severus and Caracalla with title Strategos (CΤΡΑΤΗ-
ΓΟΥΝΤΟC), and dedicatory coins by ΧΑΡΗC Β ΙЄΡЄΥC ΔΙΟΝΥCΟΥ,
with ΑΝЄΘΗΚЄΝ. On coins of Elagabalus Maesa, and Annia Faus-
tina, struck A.D. 221-2, the date . Ο = year 70, occurs. This points
to the year A.D. 152-3 as the era from which Dionysopolis reckoned
its years. Antoninus Pius may have inaugurated some festival there
in that year. Cf. similar dated coins of the Hyrgaleis and of
Laodiceia (Imh., Kl. M., 222). Chief types (B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XXIII)—
Dionysos enthroned or standing, sometimes between Zeus Laodikeus
and Asklepios, or between the Apollo of Hierapolis and Asklepios;
Demeter (?) veiled to front holding in each hand a torch, beside her,
Telesphoros (J. H. S., iv. 161); Asklepios and Telesphoros, Cista mystica with serpent; Zeus Laodikeus; Kybele seated; Artemis Ephesia;
Hermes; Rider-god with double-axe; River-god ΜЄΑΝΔΡΟC; also
heads of ΖЄΥC ΠΟΤΗΟC, epithet elsewhere unknown; ΠΟΛΙC, City-
goddess; Sarapis; Seilenos; ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC; ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ; and
ΔΗΜΟC. The Rider-god with the double-axe is a type common to
many towns in Lydia and Phrygia (B. M. C., Lyd., p. cxxviii).672


Docimeium (Ichje Kara-hissar), lay in a gorge of the river Dureius,
an affluent of the Caÿstrus about twenty miles north-east of Prymnessus
on the road leading to Amorium. It was a Macedonian town founded
by a certain Dokimos, perhaps the general who surrendered Synnada
to Lysimachus, B.C. 302.
Quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins, Claudius to Tranquillina.
Inscr., ΔΟΚΙΜΕΩΝ or ΔΟΚΙΜЄΩΝ ΜΑΚЄΔΟΝΩΝ. Magistrates—
Anthypatos, ΕΠΙ ΚΟΡΒΟΥΛΩΝΟΣ ΑΝΘΥ, prob. Cn. Domitius Corbulo,
Procos. of Asia, A.D. 51 or 52, who was put to death by order of Nero
at Cenchreae, A.D. 67. Local Magistrate. Strategos, with additional title
First Archon, on coin of Verus only (Mion. iv. 516). No other Magis-
trates’ names. Chief types—Kybele standing to front between two
lions; Kybele riding on lion; Kybele standing beside Mount Persis
(Jahrbuch Arch. Inst., iii. 295); Dionysos naked to front, between
small satyr and Eros (Imh., Kl. M., Pl. VII. 20); Two naked men
contending with lion at foot of a cultus-statue or trophy (?), probably
a reminiscence of the bronze group dedicated by Krateros at Delphi
in memory of his rescue of Alexander from the attack of a lion (Plut.
Alex. 40; but see Imh., Kl. M., 224, according to whose description
the men are rescuing a woman from the lion). Mount ΠЄΡCΙC; River-
god [Δ]ΟΥΡЄΙΟC; Apollo naked with tripod beside him; Athena;
Artemis holding two torches; Hermes; Asklepios; Telesphoros; &c.
Also heads of ΔΟΚΙΜΟC, the oekist; Herakles; Hermes; Pan; ΙΕΡΑ
CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC; ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ; &c. For illustrations see B. M. C., Phr.,
Pl. XXIV. The famous quarries of the marble known as Docimean and
Synnadean were in Mount Persis.


Alliance coins with Ephesus, ΕΦΕCΙΩΝ ΔΟΚΙΜΕΩΝ ΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ
(Gordian) (Imhoof, Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 148).


Dorylaëum (Eski-shehr), the most northern town in Phrygia, on the
river Tembris (Radet, En Phrygie, 80; Imh., Kl. M., 225). Imperial
coins, Vespasian to Philip Jun. Inscr., ΔΟΡΥΛΑΕΩΝ. Magistrate—
Anthypatos, ΙΤΑΛΙΚΩ ΑΝΘΥΠΑΤΩ, Ti. Catius C. Silius Italicus,
Procos. of Asia shortly after A.D. 77. Local Magistrates, Archon, or
First Archon and Stephanephoros, in genitive case with επι.
Chief types—Kybele; Hades; Dionysos; River god (Tembris); Zeus,
on one coin of Trajan with epithet ΜΕΛΗΝΟC (Imh., l. c. This is the
Zeus of Mela, and points to a close connexion between Dorylaëum and
Mela in Bithynia); Nemesis; Thanatos with reversed torch; Two draped
figures carrying spears and sacrificing before altar over which an eagle
hovers, perhaps Dorylaos and Akamas as founders (cf. Radet, op. cit.,
p. 165 ff.). The names of two of the archons which occur on coins of
Gordian and Philip, Attikos and Timaeos, are met with in lapidary
inscriptions found at Eski-Shehr and Shehr-E'uyuk. For illustrations
see B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XXV.


Epicteteis. See Aezanis.


Eriza, an unimportant city in the lower Indus valley between Cibyra
and Themisonium (Ramsay, C. and B., 253 ff.; Imh., Kl. M., 226). Like
Cibyra it seems to have been autonomous before B.C. 84, and to have
issued a few bronze coins:—Obv. Head of Poseidon(?), rev. ΕΡΙΖΗΝΩΝ
Eagle on fulmen (Z. f. N., x. 56). Obv. Bust of Athena, Magistrate's

673

name ΠΑΖΑΜΟΣ, rev. ΕΡΙ Bust of horse (Imh., l. c.); obv. Horseman,
rev. Athena fighting ΠΑΖΑ[ΜΟΣ?] (Invent. Wadd., 2338); obv. ЄΡ.
Double-axe, rev. Trident (B. M.). Imperial—S. Sev., Carac., and Geta.
Inscr., ЄΡΙΖΗΝΩΝ. Magistrates’ names with επι ιερ[εως]. Types—
Helios or Mên on horse (Z. f. N., x. 56 and xii. 323); Artemis Ephesia
(Imh., Kl. M., 227, and B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XXVI).
Eucarpeia (Emir Hissar) was the chief city in the valley of the Phrygian
Pentapolis (Ramsay, C. & B., 690). Quasi-autonomous and Imperial
coins, Augustus to Volusian. In the time of Augustus, Eucarpeia was
the only place of mintage in the whole valley, and its coins consequently
bear the inscr. ΕΥΚΑΡΠΙΤΙΚΟΥ, showing that they were current through-
out the whole of the Eucarpitic Plain, as the Valley of the upper
Glaucus may then have been called. The name ‘Pentapolis’ is quite
late and only occurs twice (Ramsay, l. c. 698). These coins were issued
in the name of ΛΥΚΙΔΑΣ ΕΥΞΕΝΟΥ, probably a Priest, and of ΑΠΦΙΑ
ΙΕΡΗΑ, Priestess apparently of Artemis, whose statue is the prevailing
type at Eucarpeia. The goddess stands to front, holding bow and
drawing arrow from quiver; on her r. is a deer, and on her left
a small cultus-idol of an Asiatic goddess, perhaps Kybele. From
Hadrian’s time the inscr. is ЄΥΚΑΡΠЄΩΝ, and coins were struck
ЄΠΙΜЄΛΗΘЄΙCΗC ΠЄΔΙΑC CЄΚΟΥΝΔΗC (Pedia Secunda, doubtless
also a Priestess), and later under M. Aurelius, ЄΠΙΜЄΛΗΘЄΝΤΟC Γ.
ΚΛ. ΦΛΑΚΚΟΥ (Flaccus, probably a Priest), or ΑΙΤΗCΑΜЄΝΟΥ Π. ΚΛ.
ΜΑΞ. ΜΑΡΚЄΛΛΙΑΝΟΥ (Marcellianus, the official on whose special
request an issue of coins may have been authorized, cf. Ramsay, l. c.,
693). Other types—Kybele standing with hand resting on lion’s head;
Hermes with ram; Poseidon; Eucarpeia, city-goddess, seated holding
ears of corn; Bucranium surmounted by crescent and two stars; Temple
of Tyche, &c., also heads of ЄΥΚΑΡΠЄΙΑ. ΔΗΜΟC, ΒΟΥΛΗ. Dionysos,
Hermes, &c. For illustrations see B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XXVI.
Eumeneia (Ishekli) was a Pergamene city founded by Attalus II
B.C. 159-138 as a counterpoise to the neighbouring Peltae, a Seleucid
stronghold. He named it after his brother Eumenes. The territory
of Eumeneia comprised the rich plain between the lower Glaucus and
its junction with the upper Maeander, in the midst of which stood, at
Attanassos, the hieron of an old Phrygian god (Ramsay, C. & B., 356).
Its earliest coins are autonomous bronze of the second century B.C. Inscr.,
ΕΥΜΕΝΕΩΝ. Types—Head of Zeus, rev. oak-wreath; Head of Athena,
rev. Nike; Head of Dionysos, rev. Tripod between bipennis entwined
by serpent and filleted laurel branch, each surmounted by star, mostly with
magistrates’ names in genitive case with patronymic. After an interval
of about half a century coins were struck, probably at Eumeneia, under
the name of Fulvia, which appears to have been imposed upon it for
a very brief time in honour of the wife of M. Antony (ob. B.C. 40).
Obv. Portrait of Fulvia as Nike winged, rev. ΦΟΥΛΟΥΙΑΝΩΝ ΖΜΕΡ-
ΤΟΡΙΓΟΣ ΦΙΛΩΝΙΔΟΥ, Athena with spear and shield, or Same inscr. in
ivy-wreath (Z. f. N. xvii. 21). Quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins were
issued from the time of Tiberius to that of Gallienus. Inscr., ΕΥΜΕΝΕΩΝ
and later ЄΥΜЄΝЄΩΝ ΑΧΑΙΩΝ, showing that some of the influential
families claimed an Achaean ancestry. Magistrates—Tiberius to Nero

674

in nominative case ΟΥΑΛΕΡΙΟΣ ΖΜΕΡΤΟΡΙΞ, doubtless a member of
the same family as the Zmertorix of B.C. 40, ΕΠΙΓΟΝΟΣ ΦΙΛΟΠΑΤΡΙΣ
(cf. C. I. G., 3887, where this magistrate is called ‘Ιερευς της Ρωμης), and
ΚΛΕΩΝ ΑΓΑΠΗΤΟΣ. The son (?) of the last named, ΙΟVΛΙΟΣ ΚΛΕWΝ,
appears on coins of Nero as Ο ΑΡΧΙЄΡΕVC [1] or as ΑΡΧΙΕΡΕΥΣ ΑΣΙΑΣ
and his wife ΒΑΣΣΑ ΚΛΕΩΝΟΣ as ΑΡΧΙΕΡΗΑ [of Asia] on coins of
Agrippina Jun.
Under Domitian the name is in the genitive case accompanied by
ЄΙCΑΝΓЄΙΛΑΝΤΟC and ΑΡΧΙ. ΑCΙΑC, which is supposed to mean
that the coin was issued ‘on the presentation of a report by’ the chief
priest (see supra, p. 662). After Domitian the few names which occur are
preceded by επι. Titles—αρχιερευς, under Philip, and αγωνοθετης, under
Volusian. Games (according to Sestini, Lett., ix. 61)—ΦΙΛΑΔЄΛΦΙΑ,
on coin of Gallienus. Chief types—Naked Apollo holding double-axe
and raven; the Rider-god with double-axe (cf. similar divinities at
Thyatira); Zeus standing; Artemis Ephesia; Apollo and Dionysos in
car drawn by goat and pantheress, on the goat’s back sits Eros playing
the double flute; Nike sacrificing bull; River-god ΓΛΑΥΚΟC; &c.
Also heads of Hermes, Dionysos, ЄΥΜЄΝЄΙΑ, ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC,
ΔΗΜΟC, &c. It will be seen from the above notes that the coinage of
Eumeneia is chiefly of a sacerdotal character. No purely municipal
titles occur. For illustrations see B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XXVII.


Flaviopolis. See Temenothyrae.


Fulvia. See Eumeneia.


Grimenothyrae or Flavia Grimenothyrae. The Grimenothyreis were
a people inhabiting the region between Temenothyrae (Ushak) and
Keramon Agora on the upper Sindrus near Acmoneia. Their two cities
were Flavia Grimenothyrae and Trajanopolis, some four miles to the south
of it. Grimenothyrae dates from the time of Domitian, Trajanopolis,
a more convenient site (Charik-keui), from that of Trajan (Imhoof,
Festschrift für O. Benndorf, p. 204). The coins of Grimenothyrae range
from Domitian to Hadrian, those of Trajanopolis (q. v.) from Trajan to
Gordian. Inscr., A coin of Domitian (Imhoof, l. c.) reads ΦΛΑΟΥΙΩΝ
ΓΡΙΜЄΝΟΘΥΡЄΩΝ; those of Trajan and Hadrian ΓΡΙΜЄΝΟΘΥΡЄΩΝ
only; and these latter bear Magistrates’ names with επι but without titles.
Chief types—Zeus seated; Asklepios and Hygieia; Zeus draped standing
with eagle and sceptre; Mên standing; Athena standing; Demeter
standing; Herakles standing holding apple; &c. Also heads of Herakles,
Artemis, ΙЄΡΑCΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC, ΔΗΜΟC,&c. For illustrations see B. M. C.,
Phr., Pl. XXVIII.
Hadrianopolis or Hadrianopolis Sebaste, in the extreme east of
Phrygia Paroreios, some fifteen miles south-east of Philomelium near
Doghan Arslan. According to Ramsay and Anderson, its original name
seems to have been Thymbrion (J. H. S., viii. 491, 48, 49, and xviii. 116 ff.;


1 Imhoof, Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 150, notes the few other instances known to him, in
which the article is prefixed to the magistrate’s title, e. g. ο αρχιατρος (at Ceramus), ο γραμ-
μτευς (at Colossae), and ο επιμελητης (at Mastaura).

675

Ramsay, Hist. Geog., 140, 57, and 142, 60). Imperial coins, Ant. Pius to
Treb. Gallus. Inscr., ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟΠΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ or CЄΒ. ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟΠΟ-
ΛЄΙΤΩΝ usually abbreviated, mostly with Magistrates’ names in genitive,
with or without επι, and with title Archon, apparently the Strategos.
There was also a city in Thrace called Hadrianopolis, where, however.
the title CЄΒ. is absent. The only means of distinguishing between the
coins of these two cities is a careful study of fabric and characteristic
types. The chief types of the Phrygian Hadrianopolis are—Mên standing;
Nemesis between wheel and griffin; Distyle temple containing krater
and staff; Nike; Tyche; Bull standing; River-god, ΚΑΡΜЄΙΟC; &c.
(Imhoof, Mon. gr., 400; Gr. M., 737; Kl. M., 232; J. Int. d'arch. num.,
i. 20; B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XXVIII). There are also quasi-autonomous
coins with heads of Athena, Mên, &c.
Hierapolis, the ‘Holy City’ (Pambuk Kalesi), stood on a lofty ridge
overlooking the wide plain of the Lycus as far as its junction with the
Maeander some fifteen miles to the west. The place owed its sanctity to
its famous hot springs and its Charonion, believed to be an entrance into
the underworld, from which a mephitic vapour was emitted. Leto the
Mother-goddess, Apollo-Helios-Lairbenos, and other native Phrygian
divinities were also revered at Hierapolis.
Its earliest coins are autonomous bronze of the second century B.C.
reading ΙΕΡΟΠΟΛΙΤΩΝ. The form ΙΕΡΑΠΟΛΙΤΩΝ dates only from
the time of Augustus. The types of the autonomous coins are, obv. Head
of Apollo, rev. Goddess Roma (?) holding Nike, and seated on three
shields; also, obv. Head of Zeus, rev. Apollo Kitharoedos; obv. Lyre,
rev. Omphalos. Monogram or Magistrate’s name in nominative case.
Quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins, Augustus to Valerian. Inscr.,
after Claudius, ΙЄΡΑΠΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ, with addition, sometimes, of ΝЄΩ-
ΚΟΡΩΝ from time of Elagabalus. Roman Magistrates, ΦΑΒΙΟΣ ΜΑΞΙ-
ΜΟΣ, Procos., B.C. 5, with his portrait, and ΜΑΡΚЄΛ. ΑΝΘΥ. (Clodius
Eprius Marcellus, Procos., A. D. 70-73, cf. also Laodiceia). Municipal
Magistrates, in nominative case, usually with patronymic, and occa-
sionally with titles, Φιλοπατρις, Γραμματευς δημου, Γραμματευς. Magistrates’
names do not occur regularly after the reign of Nero,[1] and the only coins
of Hierapolis after the time of Philip seem to be alliance coins with
Ephesus and Smyrna of the time of Valerian.


Chief types. (i) Before Trajan—Lyre; Tripod; Apollo Kitharoedos;
Bipennis surmounted by head of Helios and with serpent round handle;
Rider-god with bipennis; Demeter (?) seated; Zeus Laodikeus; Temple
of the Augustan cult, with ΓΕΝΕΙ ΣΕΒΑCΤΩΝ. (ii) After Trajan—
Artemis Ephesia; Athena and Hermes face to face; Athena Nikephoros;
Apollo Kitharoedos; Rider-god with bipennis; Herakles standing; Two
cloaked figures, each with spear, sacrificing before lighted altar (cf. Dory-
laëum under Gordian); Rape of Kore; ΜΟΨΟC and ΤΟΡΡΗΒΟC, the pro-
phet and the priest, the former with the bow and laurel-branch of the god
Apollo, the latter holding cultus-image of the Phrygian goddess, and
leaning on a lyre, referring to the introduction by him of the Lydian
music into the ritual ceremony of the goddess (Ramsay, C. & B., 88); ΘЄΑ


1 Mion. iv. 630 and S. vii. 378, 391 are untrustworthy.

676

ΡΩΜΗ seated; Zeus Laodikeus; Nemesis; Isis; Asklepios and Hygieia;
River ΧΡΥCΟΡΟΑC, whose waters tumbling over the cliffs disappeared
into a chasm in the plain beneath; Mên standing; Selene-Hekate with
two torches in biga; Tyche ΕΥΠΟCΙΑ and ΕΥΒΟCΙΑ [1]. These are the
chief reverse-types. On the obverses of the above are heads of Apollo
ΑΡΧΗΓЄΤΗC with lyre, or radiate as Helios; Helios ΛΑΙΡΒΗΝΟC; ΖЄΥC
ΒΩΖΙΟC[2]; ΖЄΥC ΤΡΩΙΟC; Dionysos; Athena; Selene; Sarapis; Askle-
pios; Herakles; ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC; ΙЄΡΑΒΟΥΛΗ; ΒΟΥΛΗ; ΔΗΜΟC;
ΓЄΡΟΥCΙΑ; City-goddess, ΙЄΡΑΠΟΛΙC; &c.


Games—The strictly Hierapolitan Games were the ΠVΘΙΑ from the
time of Caracalla; the ΑΚΤΙΑ in connexion with the Neocory (Elaga-
balus and Philippus); the ΟΛΥΜΠΙΑ (Philippus); and ΤΑ ΠΑΡΑ ΤΩ
ΧΡVCΟΡΟΑ (Annia Faustina). On the numerous alliance coins other
games are also mentioned in combination with the ΠVΘΙΑ of Hierapolis,
e. g. Π and Χ, each in wreath, for ΠVΘΙΑ and ΧΡVCΑΝΘΙΝΑ (Hierapolis
and Sardes); Π and Є for ΠVΘΙΑ and ЄΦЄCΙΑ or Π and Ο for ΠVΘΙΑ
and ΟΛVΜΠΙΑ (Hierapolis and Ephesus); ΠVΘΙΑ and ΚΟΙΝΑ ΑCΙΑC
(Hierapolis and Smyrna), &c. (See v. Papen in Z. f. N., xxvi, pp. 161-82.)


Alliance coins. Alliance coins were struck at Hierapolis apparently
on five distinct occasions. (i) Under Hadrian, alliance with Laodiceia
and reciprocally at Laodiceia with Hierapolis. (ii) Under M. Aurelius,
Verus, and Faustina, alliances with Cibyra (coins struck there), Ephesus,
and Synnada. (iii) Under Commodus, alliances with Ephesus, Sardes.,
and Aphrodisias. (iv) Under the Philips, alliances with Ephesus, Smyrna,
Sardes, Pergamum, and Cyzicus, often with heads of Lairbenos, Syn-
kletos, &c., instead of the Imperial portrait. (v) Under Valerian, alli-
ances with Ephesus and Smyrna.


The evidence for an alliance coin with Ceretapa (Eckhel, D. N., iii.
157) rests only on the doubtful authority of Vaillant.


For illustrations see B. M. C., Phr., Pls. XXIX-XXXII, and Imhoof,
Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 151 sqq.


Hieropolis was the old religious centre of the Glaukos valley of
which Eucarpeia was the commercial capital. During nearly all
of the first century A. D. Eucarpeia provided currency for the whole
valley (see supra, p. 673). Hieropolis began to coin apparently only
under Nerva, and its coinage does not extend beyond the time of Elaga-
balus. Inscr., ΙЄΡΟΠΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ. In the time of M. Aurelius, Verus,
and Faustina Jun. the coins were issued in the name of an Asiarch,
ЄΠΙΜЄΛΗΘЄΝΤΟC ΚΛ. ΠΩΛΛΙΩΝΟC ΑCΙΑΡΧΟΥ. No other magis-
trates’ names occur. The chief types are Nike wingless or winged;
Zeus βροντων naked, hurling fulmen or holding eagle, sometimes with a
second eagle at his feet and with aegis hanging over his extended arm;
Kybele seated; Demeter standing before altar; Hades-Sarapis seated
with Kerberos, and sometimes with Isis standing before him; Artemis
running; Artemis Ephesia; Asklepios; Mên; Two stars in crescent
above the horns of a bucranium, one above the other, connected by a
vertical line (cf. coins of Eucarpeia, Peltae, and Stectorium); Tyche; &c.


1 Concerning these names see Ramsay, C. & B., 627, 637, and Imh., Lyd. Stadtm., 108, 182.
2 On the derivation of this word see Ramsay, C. & B., 153.

677

Also busts of ΒΟΥΛΗ, ΔΗΜΟC, or ΙЄΡΟΠΟΛΙC turreted with sceptre
and cornucopiae. For illustrations see B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XXXII.
Hydrela is placed by Ramsay (C. & B., 172) on the left bank of the
Maeander opposite Tripolis. The territory of the Hydrelitae comprised
the lower plain of the Lycus including originally Hierapolis, which
gradually superseded Hydrela and rose to be the religious centre of the
district, while Hydrela sank into the position of a small city of little
importance. Its earliest coinage dates from the first century B.C. Obv.
Bust of Artemis. Rev. Mên standing (Brit. Mus.). Inscr., ΥΔΡΗΛΙ-
ΤΩΝ.


There are also a few quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins. Inscr.,
ΥΔΡΗΛΕΙΤΩΝ, one of Augustus (or young Nero ?) with magistrate's
name in nominative, ΕΥΘΥΔΩΡΟΣ (Imh., Kl. M., 245) and several
dedicatory coins of Hadrian’s time with ΑΠЄΛΛΑC ΑΘΗΝΑΓΟΡΟΥ
ΑΝЄΘΗΚЄ. Types—Mên on horse; Hera standing before Zeus Laodi-
keus and Athena (a modification of the Capitoline Triad, cf. Imhoof,
Kl. M., i. 121, 266, 272); Hermes standing; Dionysos standing; Apollo
Kitharistes; Lion and Star; Club, bow-case, and quiver. Also Heads of
Athena, Sarapis, and ΔΗΜΟC, some certainly much later than Hadrian's
time (Millingen, Syll., 73). For illustrations see B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XXXIII.
Hyrgaleis. These people occupied part of the modern Chal-ova in the
bend of the upper Maeander between the territory of Dionysopolis
on the west and the plain of Peltae on the east. The townships
in the Hyrgalean Plain formed a single federation or κοινον. There
are several ancient sites in the plain, but the place of mintage was
probably Lounda. Quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins, Antoninus
Pius to Sev. Alexander. Inscr., VΡΓΑΛΛЄΩΝ, and more com-
monly VΡΓΑΛЄΩΝ. [1] Magistrates—Ant. Pius to Domna and Cara-
calla in genitive with επι, and title Archon or Strategos (Imhoof, Zur
gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 154; Z. f. N., xvii. 22; Invent. Wadd., 367).
Apollodotus, one of the Strategoi of whom coins are known, has also left
a lapidary inscription dedicated to Ant. Pius, on which he records, as
the climax of his own services, the fact that he had struck coins
(κοψας και νομισματα). (See Maonald in Class. Rev., 1907, p. 58.)
The Hyrgaleis seem to have issued a great many coins in the year
A.D. 222, when Severus Alexander became emperor. These are all
dated ΤϚ (= 306 from the Lydo-Phrygian or Sullan era, B.C. 85-84),
and are without magistrates’ names. The chief types of the Hyrgalean
coins are Rider-god with double-axe and hound (Z. f. N., l. c.); Zeus
Laodikeus; Kybele enthroned; Demeter standing; River-god ΜΑΙΑΝ-
ΔΡΟC; Mên standing; Apollo and Artemis face to face, with stag
between them; Hermes; Isis; Dikaiosyne; Tyche. Also Heads of
Dionysos, Sarapis, ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC, ΔΗΜΟC, ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ, veiled
and diademed as on coins of the neighbouring Dionysopolis, &c. (Imhoof,
Gr. M., 216; Kl. M., 246; Ramsay, C. & B., 129). For illustrations see
B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XXXIII.
Iulia (Ipsus). This old Phrygian town, renamed Julia in early Impe-
rial times, was probably at or near the modern Ishakli (Anderson,


1 Ramsay (C. & B. 129) mentions a coin of Domna with inscr. VΡΓΑΛЄΩΝΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ
(= κοινον).

678

J. H. S., xviii. 110 ff.) at the foot of the north-east extremity of the
range of mountains now called the Sultan Dagh. It was a station on
the important trade-route from the west through Phrygia to Iconium and
the east, and was situated about midway between the modern Afium
Kara-hissar and Ak-Shehr (Philomelium). Ipsus was famous for the
great battle, B.C. 301, in which Seleucus and Lysimachus defeated Anti-
gonus and his son Demetrius. Quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins
of Nero and Agrippina Jun., and, two hundred years later, of Aemilian
and Cornelia Supera. Inscr., ΙΟΥΛΙЄΩΝ. Magistrate’s name in nomi-
native under Nero and in genitive or dative with title archon under
Aemilian, &c. Chief types—Kybele seated; Mên, on horse, shouldering
three-pointed sceptre; Mên standing in temple; Tyche sacrificing; &c.
For illustrations see B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XXXIII.
Laodiceia ad Lycum was a stronghold of Seleucid power and influence
founded by Antiochus II (B.C. 261-246), and named in honour of his
wife Laodice. An older city on the same site was called Diospolis or
Rhoas. The territory of Laodiceia included a great part of the Lycus
valley, and was bounded by the two streams Lykos and Kapros, personified
on its coins by a Wolf and a Boar. Its earliest coins are cistophori.
These fall into three classes:—(i) B.C. 189-133, ΛΑΟ; symbols, Wolf and
Head of city; Wolf and Lyre; Head of city goddess, Aphrodite or
Laodice. (ii) After B.C. 133, ΛΑΟ, and Magistrates’ names in genitive
or (later) in nominative with patronymic; constant symbol, Caduceus.
(iii) Proconsular Cistophori of T. Ampius, B.C. 58-57; C. Fabius,
B.C. 57-56; P. Lentulus, P. f., Procos. of Cilicia B.C. 56-53, and Impera-
tor; Ap. Pulcher, Ap. f., Procos. of Cilicia B.C. 53-51, and Imperator;
M. Tullius, M. f. Cicero, Procos. of Cilicia B.C. 51-50, and Imperator;
and of C. Fannius, Pontifex, B.C. 49-48; with local magistrate’s name
and patronymic; symbol, caduceus (cf. similar classes at Apameia).
The autonomous bronze coins of Laodiceia probably began about the
same time as the earliest cistophori. Inscr., ΛΑΟΔΙΚΕΩΝ. Types—
Turreted head of goddess, rev. Lion seated; Head of Zeus, rev. Lotus
flower; Head of Aphrodite, rev. Aphrodite seated, holding dove; or
Aphrodite standing, holding dove with rose before her. The following
are of later date, after B.C. 133:—Head of Aphrodite or Queen Laodice,
wearing stephane and diadem, rev. Cornucopiae, double or single, the
latter usually accompanied by a caduceus; Head of Apollo (?), rev.
Tripod. The latest autonomous coins bear the mon. , perhaps
year 21 of the Sullan era (= B.C. 63), or else a proper name
(ЄΚΑΤ.... (?)). Types—Head of Zeus, rev. Cornucopiae with eagle on
it; Head of Dionysos, rev. Cista mystica between Caps of Dioskuri;
Running boar, rev. Wolf. (River-gods Kapros and Lykos.) My sugges-
tion that the female head wearing stephane and diadem(?) may be
a traditional portrait of Queen Laodice, and not merely an ideal head of
Aphrodite, though hypothetical, is, I think, warranted by the edict
of Antiochus II (B. C. H., 1885, 324 ff.) conferring upon Laodice divine
honours and appointing High Priestesses for her special cult in the
various satrapies of his dominions.


The quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins of Laodiceia range from
Augustus to Trajan Decius. Inscr., ΛΑΟΔΙΚЄΩΝ, or, from the time of
Caracalla, often ΛΑΟΔΙΚЄΩΝ ΝЄΩΚΟΡΩΝ. Magistrates—Anthypatos

679

(Proconsul), T. Clodius Eprius Marcellus, A.D. 70-73, and C. Popilius
Pedo, A.D. 160-161. Local magistrates’ names at first in nominative,
e.g. ΣΕΙΤΑΛΚΛΣ and ΠΥΘΗΣ (these two with their portraits); later,
sometimes in genitive with επι, or in Domitian’s reign with δια. Titles—
Philopatris (time of Augustus), Hiereus and Nomothetes (Nero), Gram-
mateus (Hadrian), Στρατηγων (Sabina), ‘Αρχιερατευων (M. Aur. Caes.),
Asiarch (Caracalla), Archiereus (Otacilia). The names of several of the
magistrates from Augustus to M. Aurelius have been identified by
Ramsay (C. & B., 42 ff.) as members of the wealthy and influential family
of the Zenonidae, among whom were Claudia Zenonis and Julia Zenonis,
women who were probably hereditary High Priestesses in the reign of
Domitian, and P. Claudius Attalos, who dedicated coins in the time
of Ant. Pius and M. Aurelius as High Priest, Π. ΚΛ. ΑΤΤΑΛΟC ΑΡΧΙЄ-
ΡΑΤЄΥΩΝ ΑΝЄΘΗΚЄ (Imh., Kl. M., 270, and Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk.,
p. 160). This Attalos was a citizen both of Laodiceia and of Smyrna,
where by his abilities he had earned the title Σοφιστης. Coins of the
latter city read ΑΤΤΑΛΟC CΟΦΙCΤΗC ΤΑΙC ΠΑΤΡΙCΙ CΜΥΡ. ΛΑΟ.
He also dedicated coins at Laodiceia with the word ЄΠΙΝΙΚΙΟΝ upon
them; type, Zeus Laodikeus standing (Mion., iv. 703), or a temple
inscribed ЄΠΙΝΙΚΙΟΝ; but as a similar temple inscribed ЄΠΙΝЄΙΚΙΟC
occurs on coins of Domitian, it cannot have been erected by Attalos.


In the time of Commodus Laodiceia received the title Neokoros, and
by a decree of the Senate at a later date the name of Elagabalus [1] was
associated with that of Commodus, ΝЄΩΚΟΡΩΝ ΚΟΜΟΔΟΥ ΚЄ
ΑΝΤΩΝЄΙΝΟΥ ΔΟΓΜΑΤΙ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟΥ.


The Games at Laodiceia mentioned on coins are the ΑΝΤΩΝЄΙΝΙΑ
ΚΟΜΟΔЄΙΑ, the ΚΟΙΝΑ ΑCΙΑC, and the ΑCΚΛΗΠЄΙΑ (Z. f. N.,
xiv. 122).


Dates. Some of the coins of Caracalla and Sev. Alexander bear the
dates 88 and 108, which point to an era in Hadrian’s reign, either
A.D. 123 or 130, in both of which years he visited Laodiceia (Imh.,
Kl. M., 272).


Among the chief types of the coins of Laodiceia are the following
heads or busts—ΘЄΑ ΡΩΜΗ; ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC; ΒΟVΛΗ; ΔΗΜΟC;
ΛΑΟΔΙΚΗΑ and ΛΑΟΔΙΚЄΙΑ; CΥΝЄΔΡΙΟΥ ΝЄΩΝ [2], bust of the Sy-
nedrion of young citizens, with two staves (?) at his back; ΖЄΥC ΑCЄΙC;
Mên; &c. The principal reverse-types are—Lion or Panther seated,
with double-axe over shoulder; Zeus Laodikeus standing draped in
long chiton, holding an eagle and resting on his sceptre; Aphrodite
draped standing; Altar surmounted by head-dress of Isis, or by mask
of Seilenos; Infant Ploutos on cornucopiae; Artemis Ephesia; Hades
with Kerberos; Wolf and Boar (River-gods Lykos and Kapros); Zeus
ΑCЄΙC carrying infant, with goat beside him; Pantheistic Tyche (Imhoof,
Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 161); Gymnasiarch (?) with vase at his feet
containing vexillum; Aphrodite naked to front, dressing her hair, between
Eros and dolphin; the three Charites; Hekate triformis; City-goddess
standing between Wolf and Boar, and holding phiale and statuette of
Zeus Laodikeus (Imhoof, Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 161); or Lykos
and Kapros recumbent in human form; Hera standing before Zeus and


1 Not Caracalla, see Imh., Kl. M., 274.
2 Cf. coins of Heracleia Salbace in Caria.

680

Athena (the Capitoline Triad); Kybele enthroned; Dionysos in panther-
car; the Dioskuri beside their horses; Emperor in quadriga of lions;
Eros winged or Thanatos, in sleeping attitude, with torch reversed;
the Seasons, personified as four children, inscr., ЄΥΤΥΧЄΙC ΚΑΙΡΟΙ,
equivalent to the Latin TEMPORVM FELICITAS (cf. Rev. Num. 1891,
31); Laodiceia seated between ΦΡΥΓΙΑ and ΚΑΡΙΑ standing (Num. Zeit.
1891, Pl. I. 1); Rhea or Amaltheia nursing infant Zeus, around are the
Kuretes beating their shields, and at her feet recumbent River-gods.
For a detailed account of the history, religion, and municipal constitu-
tion of Laodiceia see Ramsay, C. & B., p. 32 ff.; and for illustrations,
B. M. C., Phr., Pls. XXXIV-XXXVIII.


Alliance coins in time of Nero with Smyrna; Hadrian with Hiera-
polis; M. Aurelius with Smyrna, Ephesus, Pergamum, and Adra-
myteum (?) (Mion. iv. 749 after Vaillant); Commodus with Ephesus and
Nicomedia; Caracalla with Ephesus, Smyrna, and Pergamum; Philip
Jun. with Ephesus and Smyrna. Alliance coins with Laodiceia were
also issued at Hierapolis, Smyrna, Perinthus (?) (Mion. iv. 752), Antiocheia
ad Maeandrum (?) (after Vaillant), also at Tripolis and at Heracleia
Salbace (Invent. Wadd., 2424).


Leonna or Leonnaea is conjecturally placed by Ramsay (C. & B., i. 597)
at Hissar, five miles north of Sebaste in the plain of the Sindrus (?) (the
Banaz-Ova) west of the Burgas Dagh. The only known coin is of the
second century B.C. and is figured by Imhoof (Kl. M., Pl. IX. 7). Obv.
Turreted female head. Rev. ΛΕΟΝΝΑΙΤΩΝ, Lion seated on spear-head
holding broken shaft of spear in raised l. fore-paw. The seated lion
occurs on contemporary coins of Peltae.


Lysias, according to Ramsay (C. & B., 754) and Anderson (J. H. S.,
xviii. 107 ff.), probably founded by a general of Seleucus or Antiochus
the Great and named after himself, lay on the great trade-route from
Apameia north-east to the Paroreios, in the plain called Oinan-Ova
some five miles west of the head of L. Limnae (Hoiran Göl). The
known coins seem to have been struck on two occasions only, once by
Flavius Attalus (M. Aurelius and Commodus) and once again under
Gordian with contemporary quasi-autonomous issues. Inscr., ΛΥC Ι Α-
ΔЄΩΝ. Magistrate—επι Φλα. ‘Ατταλου. Types—Heads of ΒΟΥΛΗ,
ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ, and ΔΗΜΟC. Reverses, Dionysos standing; Hekate tri-
formis; Demos standing; Kybele seated; Tyche; Emperor on horse-
back (B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XXXVIII).
Metropolis. There were two cities of this name in Phrygia and one
in Ionia, and it is difficult to distinguish between their coins. To the
northern Metropolis in the Caÿster valley east of Prymnessus no coins
can be certainly attributed, and the only ones that clearly belong to
the southern Metropolis in the Chal Ova on the great eastern highway
from Apameia to Phrygia Paroreios, are of the time of Philip and Trajan
Decius, Etruscilla, Heren. Etruscus, and Hostilian. Quasi-autonomous
and Imperial. Inscr., ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ ΦΡΥ. or ΦΡΥΓ. Magistrate,
ΠΑΡ. ΑΛЄΞ. ΤΙЄΙΟΥ ΑΡΧ. ΠΡΩ. This Alexander Tieiou, First Archon,
is mentioned in an inscription as a leading citizen of the town about A. D.
250 (Ramsay, C. & B., 758). The formula with παρα instead of επι occurs

681

also at Apameia, and partly on this account Ramsay (C. & B., 749, note)
assigns Metropolis to the conventus of Apameia. Chief types—Helmeted
bust of hero ΑΚΑΜΑC, son of Theseus, probably the traditional Founder
(see also Synnada); also busts of ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ, or Emperor. Reverses,
Mên standing; Cultus effigy of Artemis Ephesia, but without her stags;
Tyche; Corn sheaf with five ears; Asklepios; Dionysos; &c. (B. M. C.,
Phr., Pl. XXXIX).


Alliance coin with Sardes (Commodus) (Hirsch, Auct. Cat., xiii. 4145).
Midaëum, in the extreme north of Phrygia on the river Tembris or
Tembros, takes its name from King Midas. Eckhel, D. N., iii. 168,
mentions a coin of Gordian with a head of Midas and inscription ΤΟΝ
ΚΤΙCΤΗΝ. It was situated about eighteen miles east of Dorylaëum on
the road to Pessinus in Galatia. Imperial coins, Augustus to Philip.
Inscr., ΜΙΔΑΕΩΝ, accompanied sometimes by Magistrates’ names with
επι and title ΠΡ. ΑΡΧ. (First Archon). Chief types—Pan standing;
Asklepios; Hygieia; River god, ΤΕΜΒΡΙC or ΤΕΜΒΡΟC; Hades seated
with Kerberos; Demeter standing; Zeus draped standing with eagle at
his feet; Dionysos standing; ΤΥΧΗ ΜΙΔΑΕΩΝ, City Tyche seated
between two Erotes; Kybele seated. On a coin of Diadumenian in the
British Museum the inscription is curiously written ΜΙΔΑΕΩΝ. Β,
which has not been explained, but which I suggest may be intended as
a mark of Value, Α Β standing for 2 Assaria; see B. M. C., Phr., p. 337,
note 1.
Nacoleia, now the desolate village of Sidi-el-Ghazi, was in Roman
times a flourishing town situated on the river Parthenius, an affluent of
the upper Sangarius, some forty miles south of Dorylaëum. It was once
surrounded by splendid forests, but the country is now bare and arid.
Its coins range from Titus to Gordian. Inscr., ΝΑΚΟΛЄΩΝ. Magis-
trate, T. Aquillius Proculus, Procos., A. D. 103-104. Sir W. M. Ramsay
acquired at Nacoleia a specimen reading ЄΠΙ ΑΚVΛΛΙ ΠΡΟΚΛΟV (Wadd.,
Fastes, 171). Types—Zeus seated; Demeter (?) enthroned; Herakles
standing, with inscription ΤΟΝ ΚΤΙCCΤΗΝ (sic), B. M.; Winged caduceus;
Asklepios; Eagle; City-Tyche seated; River ΠΑΡΘЄΝΙΟC; &c. (B. M. C.,
Phr., Pl. XXXIX).
Ococleia. This city is conjecturally placed by Ramsay close to Metro-
polis in the Chal-Ova, and Imhoof (Kl. M., 280) notes that the obv. die of
one of its coins is identical with that of a coin of the neighbouring
Lysias. It struck quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins, Commodus
and Gordian. Inscr., ΟΚΟΚΛΙЄΩΝ. Magistrate, ЄΠΙ ΚΛ. ΚΑΛΩ-
ΒΡΟΤΟΥ, obv. ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC. The same magistrate is entitled
Asiarch on a coin of Crispina belonging to Sir W. M. Ramsay. Types—
Zeus seated; Kybele-Demeter standing; Kybele seated; Tyche.
Alliance coin with Bruzus, under Commodus. Type—Kybele-Demeter
and Zeus Laodikeus face to face (Num. Chron., 1892, Pl. XVI. 18 (Weber)).
See B. M. C., Phr., Introd. p. lxxxv and Pl. XL.


Otrus was one of the five cities of the Eucarpitic plain in central
Phrygia. It seems to have been situated midway between Eucarpeia
and Hieropolis. Quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins with heads of

682

Faustina I (Z. f. N., xii. 346), Commodus, Domna, Caracalla, Geta, and
ΔΗΜΟC. Inscr., ΟΤΡΟΗΝΩΝ. Magistrate, Archon with επι, and with
addition, in one instance, of ΥΙΟΥ ΑCΙΑΡΧ. Also Asiarch in nominative
case, under Caracalla, with ανεθηκε. Types—Athena standing; Zeus
draped, with phiale and sceptre, eagle at feet; Demeter standing;
Asklepios, &c.; Kybele enthroned; Goddess holding phiale over flaming
altar; Otreus (?) stepping into galley [1]; Aeneas carrying Anchises and
leading Ascanius,—symbolizing, as Ramsay (C. & B., 688) suggests, an
emigration from Otroea on L. Ascania in Bithynia, a place which is
said to have been founded by the Phrygian king Otreus (Strab. xii. 566).
For illustrations see B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XL.
Palaeobeudos, or Beudos Vetus, seems to have been situated near the
north end of the Synnadic plain, some eight miles north of Synnada.
It appears to have struck coins only under Hadrian. Inscr., ΠΑΛΑΙΟ-
ΒЄΥΔΗΝΩΝ. No names of magistrates. Types—Apollo naked, with
lyre and laurel-branch; Mên standing; Demeter standing. B. M. C., Phr.,
Pl. XL.
Peltae a Macedonian colony occupying the plain between Lounda
and Eumeneia, is one of the cities in Phrygia which coined money in the
second century, though probably not earlier than 133 B.C. Obv. Bust of
hero in crested helmet with cheek-piece, rev. ΠΕΛΤΗΝΩΝ, Lion seated;
obv. Head of Zeus, rev. Winged fulmen; obv. Head of bearded Herakles
laur., rev. Club with lion-skin over handle.
These pieces bear magistrates’ names in monogram or in abbreviated
form. After a long interval Peltae began again to strike coins, quasi-
autonomous and Imperial, Ant. Pius to Volusian. Inscr., ΠЄΛΤΗΝΩΝ
or ΠЄΛΤΗΝΩΝ ΜΑΚЄΔΟΝΩΝ. Magistrate, Archon or First Archon,
Strategos or (on coin of Volusian) Grammateus (Invent. Wadd., 6392)
with or without επι. Types—Heads of Herakles; Dionysos; Helios;
Athena; Asklepios; City; &c.; ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC; ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ;
ΔΗΜΟC; and Emperors. Among the reverse types the following may
be mentioned: Hermes standing, holding the infant Dionysos (Imhoof,
Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., Pl. VII. 1); Apollo standing; Athena Nike-
phoros; Kybele to front; Temple of Artemis Ephesia; Artemis huntress;
Herakles strangling lion; Asklepios; Hygieia; River ΜΑΙΑΝΔΡΟC;
Emperor on horse; Stag; Bucranium supporting crescent containing
two stars (cf. coins of Eucarpeia and Hieropolis); Tyche; Nike; &c.
B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XLI.


Philomelium (Ak-Sheher), in the plain of Phrygia Paroreios, separated
from central Phrygia by the lofty range of the Sultan Dagh, was probably
a Pergamenian outpost on the high road to Iconium. A stream called
the Gallus (?) flowed through the town northwards towards the Lake of
the Forty Martyrs, some eight miles north. Philomelium struck auto-
nomous coins [2] in the second century B.C., or perhaps rather later.
Inscr., ΦΙΛΟΜΗΛΕΩΝ, obv. Bust of Mên with crescent at shoulders,
rev. Zeus enthroned. The obv. of these coins bears a striking resemblance
to that of some coins of Antioch, η προς τη Πισιδια (Strab. 577), about


1 Cf. similar type at Stectorium.
2 The dated Alexandrine tetradrachms assigned by Müller (1178-1195) to Philomelium
are attributed by Imhoof (Kl. M., 308), with greater probability, to Phaselis.

683

fifteen miles west of Philomelium, but cut off from easy communication
with it by the long range of the Sultan Dagh. The influence of the
great sanctuary of Mên ‘Ακραιος or ‘Ασκαηνος at Antioch would seem
therefore to have extended across the mountains. These coins bear
magistrates’ names abbreviated. Somewhat later, perhaps, are coins,
obv. Bust of Nike, rev. Two cornuacopiae crossed, with crescent containing
star, and fulmen between them. Imhoof (Kl. M, 285) suggests that
these may have been copied from denarii of L. Valerius Flaccus (ob.
B.C. 86). After a long interval the coinage begins again under Tiberius (?)
and extends down to the reign of Trajan Decius. Quasi-autonomous
and Imperial, Heads of ΔΗΜΟC and Emperors. Inscr., ΦΙΛΟΜΗ-
ΛЄΩΝ. Magistrates, ΤΙΤΟΣ ΦΙΛΟΠΑΤΡΙΣ under Tiberius; also
ΒΡΟΚΧΟΙ, Two colleagues of a family bearing the cognomen Brocchus
(Claudius and Nero Caesar). Subsequently the names are in genitive
with επι, and in the time of Caracalla with title Strategos. Under
Sev. Alex., Philip, and Trajan Decius coins were issued with the addition
of the Latin letters S. P. Q. R. These coins differ in fabric and size
from the rest, and the Latin letters perhaps indicate that coins of this
large size were the only ones recognized by the Roman government as
legal tender in exchange for the Sestertius of about the same size as
issued at Rome. Chief types—Zeus seated; Dionysos standing; River-
god ΓΑΛΛΟC; Athena Nikephoros with serpent before her; Circular
shrine containing statue of goddess; Emperor on galloping horse;
Hexastyle temple containing serpent, in ex. ΑCΚΛΗΠΙΟC (Z. f. N.,
xvii. 22). B. M. C., Phr., Pls. XLI, XLII.
Prymnessus (Seulun, near Afium Kara-Hissar) was situated on
a small affluent of the Caÿster, some fifteen miles north of Synnada on
the road from that city to Docimeium. The position of the town, at a
point where much frequented trade-routes from south to north and from
east to west met and crossed one another, must have made Prymnessus
a commercial rather than a religious centre of activity, and its prevailing
coin-type, Dikaiosyne with her pair of scales (the Roman Aequitas), is
especially appropriate to an exchange-mart such as this city must have
been in Roman times.
Its earliest coins are autonomous of the first century B.C. Obv.
Turreted head of City, rev. ΠΡΥΜΝΗΣΣΕΩΝ, Hermes standing, with
much abbreviated magistrates’ names. Its subsequent issues are quasi-
autonomous and Imperial, Augustus to Gallienus. Inscr., ΠΡΥΜ-
ΝΗCCЄΩΝ or ΠΡΥΜΝΗΣΣΕΙΣ. Magistrates’ names, at first usually in
nominative case, accompanied sometimes by title, e. g. under Tiberius,
‘Αρτας Φιλοπατρις, and ‘Ιουκουνδα ιερηα, probably husband and wife, Priest
and Priestess. From Nero onwards the names are in genitive with επι
and, occasionally, titles, ‘Ιερευς, Archon, Hippikos. Chief types—ΜΙΔΑC
or ΒΑCΙΛЄΥC ΜΙΔΑC, Bearded head of King Midas in Phrygian cap;
ΘЄΟΝ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟΝ; ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC; ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ; ΒΟΥΛΗ;
ΔΗΜΟC; Busts of Mên or Sarapis. Reverse types—River-god (Kays-
tros (?) ); Scales; Dikaiosyne with scales, standing or seated, sometimes
in temple, or on throne supported by two figures of Nike flying, and
with two Erotes riding on Hippocamps in ex. (B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XLIII. 2);
Zeus Καρποδοτης (?) (Ramsay, Athenische Mittheilungen, vii. 35) seated;
Kybele seated, or standing; Asklepios; Hygieia; Isis; Tyche; &c.

684

Sanaüs is placed by Ramsay (C. & B., i. 230) at the foot of the hills
overlooking the northern coast of the salt lake Anava, on the eastern
highway between Apameia and Laodiceia. The only coin at present
known of this town belongs to the second or first century B.C. Obv.
Head of Apollo, rev. ΣΑΝΑΗΝΩΝ, Tripod between laurel boughs.
Magistrates, ΑΠΟΛ or ΠΡΟ (Imh., Kl. M., 286, and Zur gr. u. röm.
Münzk., p. 165). It would seem that the territory of Sanaüs was sub-
sequently absorbed into that of Apameia.


Sebaste (Sivasli) was the most important city on the road from
Eumeneia northwards to Acmoneia, which skirted the great plain now
called the Banaz Ova, running beneath the foot-hills of the Burgas Dagh
range of mountains. Sivasli is still a rich village full of ancient remains,
among which is an inscription recording the formation of a Γερουσια. The
plain north of Sivasli is still well-wooded, and is bounded on the west
by the river Banaz Chai, the ancient Senarus, or rather CΙΝΔΡΟC as
it is spelt on a coin (B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XLIII. 4). Coins, quasi-auto-
nomous and Imperial, were occasionally issued from Augustus to Gordian
or later. Inscr., ΣΕΒΑΣΤΗΝΩΝ. Magistrates in nominative case till
time of Severus; later in genitive with επι and title Archon. Chief
types—Heads of Dionysos; Mên; Young Herakles; ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC;
ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ; ΔΗΜΟC. Reverse types—Zeus seated; Kybele seated;
Perseus slaying Gorgon, Athena behind him; Mên standing; Dionysos
in panther-car; Demeter standing; Bow in case and club; Hygieia;
Asklepios; Ganymedes standing holding syrinx and pedum, eagle
embracing him; River-god CΙΝΔΡΟC; Emperor (Caracalla (?)) on gal-
loping horse; &c.
Alliance coin with Temenothyrae struck at the latter place.


Sibidunda is identified by Anderson (J. H. S., xviii. 104) with Atli-
Hissar at the southern extremity of the plain of Synnada, at the point
where the road from Synnada to Metropolis enters the hilly country
which separates the Synnadic and Metropolitan plains. Imperial coins,
M. Aurelius Caesar to Gordian. Inscr., CΙΒΙΔΟΥΝΔЄΩΝ. No names
of magistrates. Types—Zeus seated; Artemis running; Helen standing
between the Dioskuri, her head surmounted by crescent. This type
occurs also in Pisidia and Pamphylia (see B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XLIV;
Lycia, Pl. IX. 12, and Introd., p. lvii); Dionysos standing, or in biga of
panthers; Mên standing. The absence of magistrates’ names on the coins
of Sibidunda suggests a doubt as to whether this city was included in
the province of Asia.
Siblia. This town is placed by Ramsay (C. & B., i. 221 ff.) in the plain
of the upper Maeander halfway between Apameia and Eumeneia. The
coinage, quasi-autonomous and Imperial, extends from Augustus to
Geta. Inscr., ΣΙΒΛΙΑΝΩΝ and later CЄΙΒΛΙΑΝΩΝ. Magistrates’
names at first in nominative case, and later in genitive with παρα, e. g.
under Caracalla and Geta ΠΑΡΑ ΜΗΝΟΔΟΤΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΑΙΛΙΑΝΗC,[1]
probably a Priest and Priestess. Chief types—Busts of Mên; ΔΗΜΟC;
CЄΙΒΛΙΑ turreted. Reverses—Herakles standing; Herakles strangling


1 Imhoof, Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 168, reads ΜΑΙΑΝΗC.

685

lion; Dionysos standing; Hermes standing; Athena standing; Zeus
standing; &c. (B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XLIV, and Imhoof, Zur gr. u. röm.
Münzk., Pl. VII. 3.)
Siocharax. A town in the hilly country of the Moxeani, in a narrow
valley where two roads met, the northern road from Eumeneia to
Cotiaëum, and the eastern route through the Caÿster valley (Ramsay,
C. & B., i. 632 ff.; Anderson, J. H. S., xvii. 421). The only coin at
present known belongs to the time of Geta Caesar, and reads ЄΠΙ
ΦΙΛΙCΚΟΥΛΙΔΟΥ ΑΡΧ. CΙΟΧΑΡΑΚЄΙΤΩΝ ΜΟΨЄΑ. Type—Tyche.
See B. M. C., Phr., p. 382, and Pl. XLIV. 9.
Stectorium, the southernmost city of the Phrygian Pentapolis, stood
on the left of the road which runs along the valley from Apameia to
Hieropolis and Eucarpeia (Ramsay, C. & B., i. 689 ff.). A single autono-
mous coin is known (Fox, Gr. Coins, ii. Pl. VIII. 153), obv. Bearded
head, rev. Bow and quiver., Inscr., [Σ]ΤΕΚΤΟΡΗΝΩΝ, which seems

to belong to the first century B.C. (Imhoof, Kl. M., 290). The sub-
sequent issues, quasi-autonomous and Imperial, range from the time
of M. Aurelius to Philip. Inscr., CΤЄΚΤΟΡΗΝΩΝ. Magistrates,
with οιτησαμενου (M. Aurelius and Faustina Jun.), later with επι,
and, in Philip’s time, with addition of ‘Ασιαρχου και της πατριδος. Chief
types—Heads of Herakles; Sarapis; ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ; ΒΟΥΛΗ; and
ΔΗΜΟC. Reverses—Dionysos standing; Asklepios; Hygieia; Crescent
on bucranium, containing two stars; Zeus seated; Athena standing;
Rider-god with double axe; Hero, Mygdon (?) [1] armed, or stepping into
galley, cf. analogous type at Otrus, where the hero is perhaps Otreus
(Imh., Kl. M., 290); Mygdon(?) in biga of galloping horses (Invent.
Wadd., Pl. XVIII. 11). Otreus and Mygdon are mentioned by Homer
(Il. iii. 186) as joint rulers in Phrygia.
Synaüs. This town was situated near the sources of the river
Macestus, and close to Ancyra, in the district called Abbaïtis in Western
Phrygia. It struck occasionally quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins,
Nero to Philip. Inscr., CΥΝΑЄΙΤΩΝ. Magistrates, ЄΠΙ ΜΑΡ-
ΚЄΛΛΟΥ ΤΟ Γ (the third year of the Proconsulship of T. Clodius Eprius
Marcellus, A. D. 70-73). Local magistrate, Archon, who sometimes
ranks as an Asiarch or son of an Asiarch, e.g. ЄΠ. ΙΟΥ. ΧΑΡΙΔΗΜΟΥ
ΑΥΡ. ΥΟΥ ΑCΙ. ΑΡΧ. Α. ΤΟ. Β. on a coin of Philip (B. M. C., Phr.,
p. 391). Chief types—ΘЄΑΝ ΡΩΜΗΝ; ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC; ΔΗΜΟC;
Naked Apollo shooting with bow; Dionysos standing; Two Nemeses;
Zeus Laodikeus; Artemis Ephesia; Rider-god with double axe; &c.
Synnada. This city stood in a plain and was of considerable
importance as a station on the road from Apameia to the north and east.
Cicero (Ad Att., v. 16. 2), on his way to Cilicia, stayed three days at
Laodiceia, three at Apameia, and three at Synnada. Its earliest coins
are Cistophori, after B.C. 133 (Num. Chron., 1883, p. 187; Rev. Num.,
1892, Pl. III. 6). The adjunct symbols are, on one, an Amphora, and, on


1 The tomb of Mygdon in the territory of Stectorium is mentioned by Paus. (x. 27. 1).
See, however, with regard to these types, Regling, in Klio, viii, pp. 489-92, who identifies
the hero as Hektor.

686

the other, an Owl on an amphora. The bronze coins of the same period
have on obv. Turreted head of Kybele or City, rev. Zeus standing draped
holding fulmen and resting on sceptre. Magistrate’s name in genitive
case (B. M. C., Phr., p. xcviii). The following is also pre-Imperial :—
Obv. Head of Zeus with sceptre behind, rev. Poppy and ear of corn
between caps of Dioskuri (Imh., Kl. M., 292). The subsequent issues.
quasi-autonomous and Imperial, range from Augustus to Gallienus.
Inscr., ΣΥΝΝΑΔΕΩΝ, CVΝΝΑΔЄΩΝ, CVΝΝΑΔЄΩΝ ΔΩΡΙЄΩΝ
ΙΩΝΩΝ, CΥΝΝΑΔЄΩΝ ΙΩΝΩΝ, CΥΝΝΑΔΙC, CΥΝΝΑΔЄΙC, &c.
Magistrates’ names at first generally in nominative case; after Claudius
usually in genitive with επι. Titles—Archiereus (Claudius); Philo-
kaisar (Claudius, Nero); Hiereus (Faustina); Hiereia (Lucilla) (B. M. C.,
Phr., p. xcix); Prytanis and Logistes (Ant. Pius, M. Aurelius, &c.);
Archon, Agonothetes, and Hippikos, in dative case (= Latin ablative)
(Gordian and Trajan Decius); and Archon, in genitive with επι (Gal-
lienus). A coin of Ant. Pius has on the obv. the word ΑΠΟΚΑΤЄ[στησεν],
probably equivalent to the Latin ‘restituit’ or ‘renovavit’ (Imh., Kl. M.,
294). Chief types—Heads of ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC; ΙЄΡΑΝ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟΝ;
ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ; ΒΟΥΛΗ; ΘЄΑ ΡΩΜΗ; ΖΕΥC ΠΑΝΔΗΜΟC; ΑΚΑΜΑC,
helmeted head of hero, son of Theseus, probably as Founder; ΘΥΝΝΑ-
ΡΟC, a local hero, bearded; also heads or busts of Athena; Kybele or
City; Sarapis; &c. The reverse types are also numerous, ΖЄΥC ΠΑΝ-
ΔΗΜΟC seated holding Nike or eagle; ΔΙΑ ΠΑΝΔΗΜΟΝ (Imh.,
Kl. M., 294); ΔΗΜΟC ΡΩΜΑΙΩΝ standing; Athena ΠΟΛΙΑC standing;
Standing figure of Demeter; Artemis Ephesia; Herakles; Amaltheia
turreted, carrying infant Zeus and with goat at her feet; Akamas or
Lakedaemon helmeted, in short chiton and holding Palladium (cf.
Sagalassus Pisid., B. M. C., Lyc., cvi and 241 ff.); Asklepios; Hygieia;
Nemesis; Mên; Tyche; Isis; Temple of Dionysos (?); Modius or Cippus
in temple, flanked by palms; Cippus in arena with Bestiarii around
fighting with beasts, or gladiators in combat; Palladium; Emperor in
quadriga crowned by Nike. An interesting type on late Imperial coins
is a mountain, which is probably Mount Persis at the neighbouring
Docimeium, which contained the famous quarries of the precious marble
known as Synnadic, because it was through Synnada that it was
conveyed and exported to Ephesus and over sea to Italy. Games—
ΑΔΡΙΑΝΙΑ ΠΑΝΑΘΗΝΑΙΑ Agonistic crown (Mion., iv. 983).
Alliance coin with Hierapolis (Verus), rev. Zeus (Pandemos (?) ) seated
before the Apollo Kitharistes of Hierapolis standing. For illustrations
and lists of magistrates’ names see B. M. C., Phr., p. xcvii ff. and
Pl. XLVI.


Temenothyrae Flaviopolis (Ushak), originally, no doubt, a station on
the old Royal Road from Smyrna to the East, was situated near the
sources of the Hippurius (?) in the highlands to the north of the great
plain (Banaz Ova). Its name, Flaviopolis, indicates that, as a πολις, it
dates from the time of the Flavian Emperors (Imh., Festschrift für
O. Benndorf, p. 207). The coinage, quasi-autonomous and Imperial,
ranges from the time of Hadrian to that of Saloninus, and is plentiful.
It is remarkable that, with a very few exceptions, the coinage of
Temenothyrae consists of dedicatory issues, as is evident from the fact
that the Magistrates’ names are almost always in the nominative case with

687

the ethnic in the dative, ΤΗΜЄΝΟΘΥΡЄΥCΙ, ΑΝЄΘΗΚЄ being expressed
or understood. Coins reading ΤΗΜЄΝΟΘΥΡЄΩΝ are quite exceptional.
The titles of the magistrates are Asiarch, under Commodus, and, from
S. Severus onwards, First Archon. One of these under the Philips and
another under Valerian add the title Archiereus. The chief obverse types
are Heads of ΤΗΜЄΝΟC ΟΙΚΙCΤΗC or ΚΤΙCΤΗC; ΘЄΑ ΡΩΜΗ; ΦΛΑ-
ΒΙΟΠΟΛΙC; ΔΗΜΟC ΦΛΑΒΙΟΠΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ; ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC;
ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ; ΔΗΜΟC; Herakles; Mên; Artemis; &c. Reverses—
Standing figure of Dionysos; Artemis; Demeter; Hermes; Athena;
Zeus Laodikeus; Zeus Sarapis; Herakles before the tree of the
Hesperides entwined by serpent, the three Hesperides behind the tree;
Herakles captured by Eros, who pulls him along by a rope attached to
his leg before a column surmounted by a statue [1]; Herakles contending
with River-god; Apollo standing at rest between snake-encircled tripod
and lyre, beneath tree; Asklepios and Hygieia; Seated figures of Athena
Nikephoros; Zeus aëtophoros; City (?) standing before seated Zeus
Nikephoros; Hephaestos forging shield of Achilles; also Rider-god with
double-axe; Mên in biga of bulls; Artemis in biga of stags; Lion
walking; Altar; Valerian and Gallienus sacrificing, Nike between them
bestowing a crown on each.
Alliance coins with Sebaste (Valerian and Gallienus). The two city
goddesses with hands joined beneath statuette of Mên. See also
Bageis for alliance coins with Temenothyrae struck there.


For illustrations and list of magistrates’ names see B. M. C., Phr.,
p. ci and Pls. XLVII, XLVIII.


Themisonium. This city was originally a Seleucid foundation in the
valley of the upper Indus and its affluent the Cazanes. It was a station
on the road from Laodiceia southwards to Cibyra, and was about mid-
way between the two. Its name is derived from Themison, the favourite
of Antiochus II, and its foundation dates probably from about B.C. 251-
246 (Ramsay, C. & B., i. 252 ff.). There are, however, no coins of Themi-
sonium known which can be assigned to pre-Imperial times. Its
coins, quasi-autonomous and Imperial, range from Severus to Philip.
Inscr., ΘЄΜΙCΩΝЄΩΝ. No magistrates’ names have hitherto been
noted. Types—Obverses, Heads of the god ΛΥΚ[ΛΒΑC (?)] CΩΖΩΝ
radiate; Sarapis; ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ; ΔΗΜΟC; &c. Reverses, River-god
ΚΑΖΑΝΗC; Athena sacrificing; Asklepios and Hygieia; Dionysos
standing; Demeter veiled, to front, with torches in raised hands; Isis
standing; Herakles standing between Lykabas Sozon (?) beside his
horse, and Hermes; Athena Nikephoros; &c. Pausanias (x. 32) relates
that the Themisoneans set up statues of Herakles, Apollo, and Hermes
in a cavern near the town. B. M. C., Phr., p. civ and Pl. XLIX.
Tiberiopolis in the district Abbaïtis between Aezanis and Ancyra.
Quasi-autonomous from time of Tiberius (?). Inscr., ΔΙΔΥΜΟΙ—
CЄΒΑCΤΗ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC. Busts of Livia and the Senate face to face,
either as joint founders of a temple of the Augustan worship at Tiberio-
polis or as divinized objects of worship side by side with the Emperor;
cf. the cultus, at Tiberiopolis, of the ομοβωμιοι Θεοι Σεβαστοι, probably


1 For another explanation of this type see Dieudonné in Rev. Num. 1907, p. 128.

688

Tiberius and Livia (Ramsay, Hist. Geogr., p. 147). Livia was by a decree
of the Senate appointed Priestess of the worship of Augustus after his
death, but she herself was not divinized until the reign of Claudius.
The date of this coin is therefore somewhat doubtful. The Imperial
coins range from Trajan to Gordian. Inscr., ΤΙΒЄΡΙΟΠΟΛΙΤΩΝ or
ΤΙΒЄΡΙΟΠΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ. Magistrates’ names in genitive with επι under
Hadrian and with title Archon in time of Gordian. Types—Obverses,
Busts of ΙЄΡΑ CVΝΚΛΗΤΟC; ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟVΛΗ; ΒΟVΛΗ; Sarapis; &c.
Reverses, Figures of ΓЄΡΟV[σια] and ΒΟVΛ[η]; Artemis Ephesia;
Artemis huntress; Stag; Zeus holding Eagle; Apollo holding branch,
resting on column, or on lyre; Asklepios; temples; &c. B. M. C., Phr.,
p. cv and Pl. XLIX.
Trajanopolis, a city of the Grimenothyreis, but not identical with
Grimenothyrae, from which it was about four miles distant, at the modern
village Charik-keui (Imhoof, Festschr. für O. Benndorf, p. 204 ff.).
Quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins, Trajan to Gordian. Inscr.,
ΤΡΑΙΑΝΟΠΟΛΙΤΩΝ. Types—Obverses, Heads of ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC;
ΔΗΜΟC; Athena; &c. Reverses, Nike; Zeus Laodikeus; Athena;
Asklepios; Demeter-Tyche; Kybele; Artemis Ephesia; Rider-god with
double axe; &c. Magistrates’ names in nominative case with titles,
First Archon under Caracalla (Imhoof, Kl. M., 526), and Grammateus
and First Archon under Gordian. There are also dedicated coins,
though ανεθηκε is not expressed, under Caracalla with inscr. ΤΡΑΙΑΝΟ-
ΠΟΛΙΤΑΙC (Imhoof, op. cit., and B. M. C., Phr., p. cv and Pl. I).



DICTIONARY OF ROMAN| COINS|

Please add updates or make corrections to the NumisWiki text version as appropriate.Phrygia, a region of Asia Minor, adjoining to Caria, Lydia, Mysia, and Bithynia, "of all which (says Strabo) the boundaries so intermix as to be with difficulty distinguished."
View whole page from the |Dictionary Of Roman Coins|
















662

Phrygia


Babelon, E. Traité des Monnaies Grecques et Romaines. (Paris, 1901-1932).
Bloesch, H. Griechische Münzen In Winterthur, Vol. 2: Bosphorus, Pontus, Armenia, Paphlagonia, Bithynia, Mysia, Troas, Phrygia... (Winterthur, 1987).
Brett, A.B. Catalogue of Greek Coins, Boston Museum of Fine Arts. (Boston, 1955).
de Callataÿ, F. “Le premier monnayage de la cité d’Amastris (Paphlagonie)” in SNR 2004.
Hoover, O. Handbook of Coins of Northern and Central Anatolia, Pontos, Paphlagonia, Bithynia, Phrygia...5th to 1st Centuries BC. HGC 7. (Lancaster, PA, 2012).
Imhoof-Blumer, F. Kleinasiatische Münzen. (Vienna, 1901-2).
Imhoof-Blumer, F. Zur griechischen und römischen Münzkunde. (Geneva, 1908).
Lindgren, H. Lindgren III: Ancient Greek Bronze Coins. (Quarryville, 1993).
Lindgren, H. & F. Kovacs. Ancient Bronze Coins of Asia Minor and the Levant. (San Mateo, 1985).
Mildenberg, L. & S. Hurter, eds. The Dewing Collection of Greek Coins. ACNAC 6. (New York, 1985).
Newell, E.T. The Alexandrine Coinage of Sinope. (New York, 1919).
Price, M.J. The Coinage in the name of Alexander the Great and Philip Arrhidaeus. (Zurich-London, 1991).
Radet, G. En Phrygie. (Paris, 1893).
Ramsay, W. M. Cities and Bishoprics of Phrygia. (1895 and1897).
Sear, D. Greek Coins and Their Values, Vol. 2: Asia and Africa. (London, 1979).
Sear, D. Greek Imperial Coins and Their Values. (London, 1982).
Strauss, P. Collection Maurice Laffaille - monnaies grecques en bronze. (Bàle, 1990).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Denmark, The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum, Vol. 4: Bosporus - Lesbos (Parts 18 - 21). (West Milford, NJ, 1982).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Deutschland, Sammlung Hans Von Aulock, Vol. 1: Pontus, Paphlagonia, Bithynia, Mysia, Troas, Aiolis, Lesbos, Ionia. (Berlin, 1957).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Great Britain III, R.C. Lockett Collection, Part 5: Lesbos - Cyrenaica. Addenda. (gold and silver). (London, 1949).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Great Britain IV, Fitzwilliam Museum, Leake and General Collections, Part 6: Asia Minor: Pontus-Phrygia. (London, 1965).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Great Britain IX, British Museum, Part 1: The Black Sea. (London, 1993).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Great Britain XI, The William Stancomb Collection of Coins of the Black Sea Region. (Oxford, 2000).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Great Britain XII, The Hunterian Museum, Univ. of Glasgow, Part 1: Roman Provincial Coins: Spain-Kingdoms of Asia Minor. (Oxford, 2004).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Österreich, Sammlung Leypold, Kleinasiatische Münzen der Kaiserzeit, Vol. I: Pontus – Lydien. (Vienna, 2000).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Russia, State Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts: Coins of the Black Sea Region. (Leuven, Belgium, 2011).
Waddington, W., E. Babelon and T. Reinach. Recueil Général des Monnaies Grecques d’Asie Minuere, Vol. I. (Paris, 1904-25).
Wroth, W. A Catalog of the Greek Coins in the British Museum, Pontus, Paphlagonia, Bithynia. (London, 1889).
Before the expedition of Alexander, and the subsequent gradual extension of Greek civilization among the rude peoples of the highlands of central Asia Minor, a native coinage in these regions was non-existent, though
the Persian daric was doubtless current along the more frequented trade-routes from Syria through the Cilician gates and along the river-valleys
of Phrygia and Lydia to the Greek ports on the western seaboard. It
was not until Greek and Macedonian settlers had been planted here and
there in the country by the Seleucids and Attalids in mutual rivalry
that coinage began to come into general use, and it was not until after
the defeat of Antiochus at Magnesia, B.C. 190, when the greater part of
western Asia Minor was assigned to the kingdom of Pergamum, that Cistophoric mints were established (B.C. 189-133) at Laodiceia and Apameia.
Afterwards, when the administration of the country was taken over
by the Romans (B.C. 133), Synnada, as a convenient station on the road
through Pisidia to Cilicia, was also promoted to the rank of a Cistophoric
mint. The Alexandrine tetradrachms of this period, which Müller (Nos.
1178-95) assigned to Philomelium on the eastern highway to Iconium,
belong more probably to Phaselis on the coast of Lycia (Imh., Kl. M., 308).
The only other city which struck silver coins in pre-Imperial times was
Cibyra, which was allowed to retain its independence under its native
dynasts down to B.C. 84. Including the above-mentioned cities, there
were in all about a score of towns in which autonomous bronze money
was coined at intervals during the course of the second and first centuries B.C. These were either the chief halting places on the various
highways from west to east or from north to south, or towns in the
immediate neighbourhood of famous sanctuaries, such as Hierapolis,
Dionysopolis, Hieropolis, &c. Most, though not all, of these towns continued to strike money throughout the Imperial period down to the time
of Gallienus, and as the general prosperity of the country increased under
the organized rule of Rome, mints at many other less important cities
frequently sprang into activity, though it would seem that their issues
were usually confined to special occasions such as periodical religious
festivals or games, and, in many cases, the expense of the coinage was
undertaken by some magistrate or wealthy citizen of high standing, such
as ‘Αρχιερευς or ‘Ασιαρχης, as an offering (αναθημα) to his native city. Such
voluntary liturgies would as a rule earn for the benefactor some honorary title, such as Φιλοπατρις, Φιλοκαισαρ, Υιος πολεως, &c. Sometimes,
however, these liturgies would seem to have been granted ‘at the request
of’ (αιτησαμενου) or ‘on the acceptance of a report by’ (εισαγγειλαντος)
some local magnate and, in such cases, it is possible that the city may
have undertaken the expense of the issue while delegating it in commission to a special officer (επιμεληθεις). [1] As a general rule, however, the


1 See v. Fritze in Nomisma, i. p. 2 sqq.

663

municipal coins bear simply the name of the ordinary chief magistrate.
Under the earlier emperors, as in the previous century, the names are
frequently in the nominative case. This usage was soon abandoned, and
from the time of the Flavians the genitive, with or without επι (or rarely
παρα), prevails, and is thus equivalent to a date. The title of the magistrate, Archon, Strategos, or Grammateus, is usually added on the larger
coins. For the geographical information in this section I am chiefly
indebted to Prof. Sir W. M. Ramsay’s Cities and Bishoprics of Phrygia
and to J. G. C. Anderson’s papers in the Journal of Hellenic Studies, &c.


Abbaëtae-Mysi. This Mysian people occupied a district in western
Phrygia of which Ancyra and Synaüs were the chief cities. Imhoof
(Festschrift für O. Benndorf, p. 201) would assign the coins to the first of
these towns.
Autonomous bronze of the second century B.C., all contemporary and
of three sizes, obv. Heads of Zeus; young Herakles; Apollo (Chromios (?))
with hair rolled; and Asklepios; rev. ΜΥΣΩΝ ΑΒΒΑΙΤΩΝ, Winged
fulmen in wreath; Club and Lion-skin in wreath; Double-axe in wreath;
Staff of Asklepios (B. M. C., Phr., Pl. II. 1-3, and Imhoof, Zur gr. u.
röm. Münzk., p. 138).


Accilaëum (J. H. S., xix. 90) on the Tembris or Tembros in Phrygia
Epictetus, east of Dorylaëum and Midaëum, appears to have coined quasi-
autonomous and Imperial money only during the reign of Gordian.
Types—Naked Zeus; Seated goddess with phiale and scepter; Dionysos; Mên; Nike; Tyche; &c. Also ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC. Inscr.,
ΑΚΚΙΛΑЄΩΝ. No magistrates’ names.
Acmoneia, on a tributary of the river Sindrus, about six miles west of
Diocleia (Ramsay, C. and B., 625).
Autonomous bronze of three sizes. Middle of first century B.C. Inscr.,
ΑΚΜΟΝΕΩΝ. Magistrates’ names in nominative case with patronymic.
Types—Bust of Athena, rev. Flying eagle on fulmen, between stars;
Head of Zeus, rev. Asklepios; Bust of City-Tyche, rev. Artemis
Huntress (B. M. C., Phr., Pl. II. 5-7). (Cf. coinage of Apameia of the
same period.)


Quasi-autonomous and Imperial—Augustus to Gallienus. Magistrates’ names, at first in nominative case, and from Nero to Caracalla in
genitive with επι. Titles—Archiereus (or Archon ?) down to Trajan.
The names of the magistrate and of his wife in Nero’s time are some-
times as follows :—επι αρχ. το γ Σερουηνιου Καπιτωνος και ‘Ιουλιας Σεουηρας.
The combination of the wife’s name with that of her husband is strongly
in favor of the title Archiereus, rather than Archon, as the office intended
by επι αρχ. (Ramsay, C. and B., 639 ff.). From Trajan’s time the title is
Grammateus, and, in the reign of S. Severus, Flavius Priscus Jun. boasts
of being the son of an Asiarch. (ЄΠΙ ΦΛ. ΠΡЄΙCΚΟΥ ΝЄΟΥ ΓΡ. ΥΟΥ
ΑCΙΑΡ.). Chief types—Nike; Zeus seated, with adjuncts, owl and crescent; Artemis; Artemis Ephesia; River-god (Sindros?); Kybele; Asklepios and Hygieia; Hermes; Zeus seated to front with two giants at his
feet; Dionysos in biga of panthers, riding on panther, or standing; Amaltheia suckling infant Zeus, around, three Kuretes; Herakles leaning on
club; Demeter standing; City-Tyche seated between two River-gods

664

(Imhoof, Kl. M., p. 193); Horseman galloping towards mountain on
which stand two women, in front, River-god (Sindros ?) (B. M. C., Phr.,
Pl. IV. 6). Also busts of Roma (ΘЄΑΝ ΡΩΜΗΝ), ΙЄΡΟC ΔΗΜΟC,
ΔΗΜΟC, ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ, ΒΟΥΛΗ, &c. For other varieties see Imhoof,
Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 139.


Aezanis in Phrygia Epictetus, near the sources of the Rhyndacus.
Autonomous bronze probably after B.C. 84, the Sullan era, according to
which some specimens seem to be dated (Imhoof, Gr. M., 195). Inscr.,
ΕΠΙΚΤΗΤΕ[ΩΝ], obv. Helmeted bust, rev. Horse walking, sometimes
with palm across shoulder, occasionally on caduceus, above, pileus surmounted by star; obv. Helmet with cheek-pieces, rev. Sword or dagger
in sheath; obv. Head of Zeus, rev. Eagle on fulmen. Magistrates’ names
in monogr., but in one instance at full length—ΓΑΙΟΥ. In the latter
half of the first century B.C. the inscr. is ΕΖΕΑΝΙΤΩΝ; obv. Head of
Herakles, rev. Hermes; obv. Head of City, rev. Dionysos.
Quasi-autonomous and Imperial—Augustus to Gallienus. Inscr.,
ΑΙΖΑΝΙΤΩΝ or ΑΙΖΑΝЄΙΤΩΝ with addition, on a coin of Commodus,
of ΝЄΩΚΟΡΩΝ ΤΟΥ ΔΙΟC (Invent. Wadd., Pl. XV. 7). Magistrates'
names in genitive with επι, usually with patronymic without or with
titles, Archon, Grammateus, Strategos, Stephanephoros, Archineokoros
or Archiereus and Neokoros (?), Asiarch. (For list of names see B. M. C.,
Phr., p. xxiv. ff.) Under M. Aurelius the Grammateus Eurykles dedicates a coin ΤΗ ΓЄΡΟΥCΙΑ (ανεθηκε being understood). Chief types—
Zeus standing half-draped; Athena; Kybele; River-god (Rhyndakos)
holding infant Ploutos; the Dioskuri; ΔΗΜΟC standing; Infant Zeus
suckled by goat; Helios in quadriga; Hermes; Artemis Ephesia;
Hekate triformis; Poseidon; Hephaestos forging helmet; &c. Also
busts of ΘЄΟC CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC and ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC; ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ;
ΙЄΡΟC ΔΗΜΟC; ΔΗΜΟC; and ΘЄΑ ΡΩΜΗ.


Alliance coin with Cadi, under Domitian—ΔΗΜΟC ΑΙΖΑΝЄΙΤΩΝ,
ΔΗΜΟC ΚΑΔΟΗΝΩΝ.


Alia (near the modern Islam-Keui) on the upper Sindrus between
Acmoneia and Siocharax. Quasi-autonomous and Imperial, occasionally, from Trajan to Gordian. Inscr., ΑΛΙΗΝΩΝ. Magistrate's
name G. Asinius Phrygius in genitive with ΑΙΤΗCΑΜЄΝΟΥ under
Trajan, and G. Asinius Agreus Philopappos in nominative under M. Aurelius, with titles ΑCΙΑΡΧΗC and ΑΡΧΙЄΡΑΤЄ[ΥΩΝ] with or without
ανεθηκεν. The expression αιτησαμενου seems to mean that the coins
were issued at the request of the magistrate named, who had asked
formal permission to dedicate an issue of coins to the city,[1] while ανεθηκεν
seems to imply that he had fulfilled his voluntary obligation, and been
at the expense of the issue (see supra, p. 662). Αιτησαμενος occurs at
Alia, Ancyra, Eucarpeia, Appia, Stectorium, Mylasa, and Stratoniceia-
Hadrianopolis (B. M. C., Lyd., cxvii). ‘Ανεθηκεν is much more frequent.
Chief types—Mên standing or on horseback.[2] ΔΗΜΟC standing;
Demeter (?); Aphrodite; Apollo; Asklepios; Artemis; Dionysos; &c.
Also busts of ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC, ΔΗΜΟC, &c. (B. M. C., Phr.,
Pl. VI. 5-8).


1 Ramsay (C. and B., 594) suggests that a special grant was accorded from Rome at the
request of an influential citizen. But why the Roman rather than the local Senate ?
2 With regard to the religious cultus at Alia see Ramsay, C. and B., 593.

665


Amorium, an important town in far eastern Phrygia, struck
autonomous bronze coins in the second or first century B.C. Inscr.,
ΑΜΟΡΙΑΝΩΝ. Magistrates’ names in nominative case or in monogr.
Types—obv. Head of Zeus, rev. Eagle on fulmen, with caduceus across
wing; obv. Head of Kybele, rev. Lion on caduceus. (B. M. C., Phr.,
Pl. VII. 1, 2.)
Quasi-autonomous and Imperial—Augustus to Geta. Magistrates’
names in nominative case under Augustus; afterwards in genitive with
επι, or two names with family name, e.g. Silvanus and Justus, Vipsanii,
ЄΠΙ CΙΛΟΥΑΝΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΙΟΥCΤΟΥ ΟΥЄΙΨΑΝΙWΝ. The title, Archon,
is added on coins of Caracalla and Geta. Imhoof (Kl. M., 202) points
out that Amorium is called in an inscription (B. C. H., xix. 555 ff.)
η λαμπροτατη και συμμαχος ‘Ρωμαιων, and that nearly all the magistrates’
names from Caligula onwards are Roman. Chief types—Zeus seated;
Temple of Zeus; Demeter; Aphrodite; Athena; Nemesis; Bust of
Sarapis, rev. Isis; Herakles before the tree of the Hesperides; River-
god; Eagle on altar; Rhea seated before infant Zeus; Artemis and
Apollo with altar between them; Dionysos and satyr; &c. (see B. M. C.,
Phr., Pls. VII and VIII). Also busts of ΘЄΑ ΡΩΜΗ, ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC
and ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ.


Ancyra, the chief city of the district Abbaïtis in western Phrygia,
was probably the place of mintage in the second century B.C. of the
coins reading ΜΥΣΩΝ ΑΒΒΑΙΤΩΝ (see Abbaëtae-Mysi, supra, p. 663).
After a long interval Ancyra begins again to strike quasi-autonomous
and Imperial coins from the reign of Nero, when the town bore for

a time the name of Julia. Inscr., ΙΟΥΛΙΕΩΝ ΑΝΚΥΡΑΝΩΝ (Wadd.,
Fastes, 135), down to that of Philip. Ordinary Inscr., ΑΝΚΥΡΑΝΩΝ.
Magistrates—Proconsul, Volasenna, A.D. 62-63, ΠΟ. ΟΥΟΛΑCЄΝΝΑ
ΑΝΘΥΠΑΤΩ, ΑΙΤΗCΑΜЄΝΟΥ ΤΙ. ΒΑCCΙΛΑΟΥ ЄΦ(ορου). From Nero
onwards the magistrate’s title is Archon or First Archon, who is also
occasionally qualified as Hiereus, Stephanephoros, or Stephanephoros and
Archiereus. [1] Chief types—Zeus standing, holding anchor and scepter.
The anchor on the coins of Ancyra in Galatia, which King Midas found,
and which in the time of Pausanias (i. 4) was still to be seen in the
temple of Zeus in that city, proves that the same legend must have been
common to both cities, unless at the Phrygian town it was merely a
type parlant. Zeus and Hera face to face, sometimes between cypress
trees; Artemis Ephesia; Athena; Poseidon seated. Also busts, ΘЄΑ
ΡΩΜΗ, ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC, ΘЄΟΝ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟΝ, ΔΗΜΟC, &c. (B. M. C.,
Phr., Pl. IX).


For list of magistrates’ names, &c., see B. M. C., Phr., p. xxix ff. and
Pl. IX.


Antiocheia, η προς τη Πισιδια (Strab. 577), see infra under Pisidia.
(Imhoof, Kl. M., p. 356.)


Apameia, founded by Antiochus I (Soter) and named after his mother
Apama, superseded the older stronghold and royal residence Celaenae
1 The coin of Antinoüs, dedicated by Julius Saturninus, ΑΝΚΥΡΑΝΟΙC (Mion. iv.
221, 160) belongs to Ancyra Galatiae (cf. C. I. G., 4013).

666

which occupied the heights above it. Situate near the sources of the
Maeander and its tributary mountain torrents, Marsyas, Orgas, and
Therma, it was a central point from which trade-routes radiated in every
direction. It became a commercial junction where goods arriving by
the caravan routes from the east were packed in chests to be forwarded
to the various seaports, Ephesus, Pergamum, &c. Hence its nickname
η Κιβωτος, ‘the chest.’ There was also a tradition, due perhaps to a
Jewish element in the population, that the mountain above the town
was Ararat and that the Ark of Noah (η Κιβωτος) first rested on the hill
of Celaenae. Its earliest coins are Cistophori and Half-Cistophori of the
usual types, which fall chronologically into three classes. (i) B.C. 189-
133 with monogram . (ii) After B.C. 133 with ΑΠΑ and magistrates’
names in genitive case. (iii) Proconsular Cistophori, B.C. 57-48, of
C. Fabius, B.C. 57-56, P. Lentulus, B.C. 56-53, Appius Claudius Pulcher,
B.C. 53-51, M. Tullius Cicero, B.C. 51-50, and of C. Fannius, Pontifex,
Praetor, B.C. 49-48, with local magistrates’ names usually accompanied
by a patronymic. On the coins of classes ii and iii the adjunct symbol
is the double-flute of Marsyas. Lentulus, Pulcher, and Cicero were Pro-
consuls of Cilicia, to which province a portion of Phrygia was temporarily
attached.


The autonomous bronze coins of Apameia range from B.C. 133-48, and
are of four types :


(i) Bust of Athena, rev. Eagle flying over Maeander symbol, between
the caps of the Dioskuri.


(ii) Head of Zeus, rev. Cultus-statue of Artemis Anaïtis.


(iii) Bust of Artemis turreted, as City-goddess, rev. Marsyas, on
Maeander symbol.


(iv) Head of Zeus, rev. Crested helmet, on Maeander symbol.


These four denominations are contemporary with one another, and
bear magistrates’ names in nominative or genitive case with patronymic:
some of the names are identical with those on the cistophori. For
illustrations see B. M. C., Phr., Pl. X. Quasi-autonomous and Impe-
rial—Augustus to Saloninus. Inscr., ΑΠΑΜΕΩΝ, or rarely ΑΠΑ-
ΜΕΙC, ΚΟΙΝΟΝ ΦΡΥΓΙΑC, and, later, ΑΠΑΜЄΩΝ. Magistrates—
Marius Cordus and M. Vettius Niger, Proconsuls of Asia under Nero,
and M. Plancius Varus under Vespasian, A. D. 79. Local magistrates—
Names at first in nominative case, but from Nero in genitive, with επι,
επιμ[εληεντος], or παρα under Commodus, and again, usually, from time
of Gordian, when the magistrate is a Panegyriarch. The following titles
are sometimes added : Agonothetes, Hippikos, Asiarch, Grammateus,
Panegyriarch, Archiereus. For list of names see B. M. C., Phr.,
pp. xxxviff. Chief types—ΜΑΡCΥΑC playing double flute; ΜΑΡCΥΑC
seated in grotto with packing chests around him. Inscr., ΚΙΒΩΤΟΙ
ΑΠΑΜЄΩΝ; Zeus (Kelaineus) seated; ΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ standing; Athena
standing, or seated playing double flute, her face reflected in the waters
of a fountain, and, on a lofty rock above her, the satyr Marsyas in attitude
of astonishment; Aphrodite standing; Chest or ark (κιβωτος) inscribed
ΝΩЄ, floating on water and containing two figures, and in front the same
pair, a man and a woman, and, on the top, a raven (?), and above it a dove
flying with a branch in her beak (Fig. 313). This type is probably copied
from some painting in the city delineating the myth which localized the
resting-place of Noah’s ark on the mountain behind Apameia (Ramsay,

667

C. and B., 669). Also Lion before thyrsos, with cista mystica above;
Hero ΚЄΛΑΙΝΟC standing; Pan standing; Hermes seated; Poseidon




FIG. 313.




standing; Hekate triformis, sometimes with epithet CΩΤЄΙΡΑ; River-
god ΜΑΙΑΝΔΡΟC recumbent; Cultus-statue of Artemis Ephesia with
four river-gods around her inscribed ΜΑΙ., ΜΑΡ., ΟΡ., and ΘЄΡ.
(Maeander, Marsyas, Orgas, and Therma) (Fig. 314). There are still




FIG. 314.




hot springs at Apameia, called Sidja by the Turks. Another pictorial
type shows Adrasteia nursing the infant Zeus and surrounded by the
three Kuretes (Mion. iv. No. 270). The obv. types are frequently busts
of ΚЄΛΑΙΝΟC, ΑΠΑΜЄΙΑ, ΖЄΥC ΚЄΛЄΝЄΥC. ΔΙΟΝΥCΟC ΚЄΛΑΙ-
ΝЄΥC (Z. f. N., xv. 49), ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC, ΒΟΥΛΗ, ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ,
ΔΗΜΟC. For illustrations see B. M. C., Phr., Pls. XI and XII.


Alliance coins with Ephesus, under Philip Sen. (B. M. C., Phr.,
Pl. LI. 2).


Appia (Abia), on the north road from Acmoneia to Cotiaëum, about
thirty miles north of Acmoneia, and the same distance south of Cotiaëum.
Its territory comprised the valley of the upper Tembris, north-east of
Mount Dindymus. Autonomous bronze, second or first century B.C.
Inscr., ΑΠΙΑΝΩΝ, obv. Head of Kybele, rev. Zeus aëtophoros seated
(Imh., Kl. M., i. p. 214). Quasi-autonomous and Imperial—Nero to
Philip and Otacilia. Inscr., ΑΠΠΙΑΝΩΝ. Magistrates’ names from
Trajan, and titles, Strategos with ΑΙΤΗ[CΑΜЄΝΟΥ] (see p. 662); Gram-

668

mateus with επι (S. Severus and Geta); and First Archon with επι
(Philip and Otacilia). Chief types—River-god (Tembris (?)); Zeus
(Laodikeus) standing; Dionysos standing; Emperor (Philip Jun.)
standing; City-goddess seated between Tyche and Emperor who crowns
her (B. M. C., Phr., p. xi and Pl. XIII).
Beudus Vetus. See Palaeobeudus.


Bria, between Eumeneia and Sebaste, at the foot of the Burgas Dagh.
Quasi-autonomous and Imperial only in time of S. Severus and family.
Inscr., ΒΡΙΑΝΩΝ. Magistrate, Strategos. Types: Head of Sarapis
rev. Isis; Head of Athena, rev. Hermes standing; The Dioskuri beside
their horses; Tyche; &c. (B. M. C., Phr., p. xli and Pl. XIII).
Bruzus (Kara-Sandukli) was the most northerly of a group of five
cities (the Phrygian Pentapolis) occupying the valley of the upper
Glaucus. The others were Eucarpeia, Otrus, Hieropolis, and Stectorium.
Quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins—Hadrian (?) to Gordian. Inscr.
ΒΡΟΥΖΗΝΩΝ. Dedicatory issues with ΑΝЄΘΗΚЄ in the time of
Hadrian (?), Severus, and Caracalla, but no magistrates’ names on later
coins. Chief types—Zeus enthroned, in one instance with two serpent-
footed Giants beneath (Imh., Kl. M., i. Pl. VII. 17); Zeus seated in
temple; or with Hera standing before him; City-goddess standing;
Hekate with two torches on globe; Demeter in serpent-car; Asklepios
and Hygieia; Poseidon; &c. Also busts of City, ΒΡΟVΖΟC, ΔΗΜΟC,
and ΒΟVΛΗ (B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XIV. 1-7).
Alliance coin with Ococleia struck at the latter place under Com-
modus (N. C., 1892, Pl. XVI. 18).


Cadi (Gediz), near the sources of the Hermus at the foot of Mount
Dindymus, in the district called Abbaïtis in Phrygia Epictetus. Quasi-
autonomous—Head of young Herakles, rev. ΚΑΔΟΗΝΩΝ Lion walking
(B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XIV. 9) or Apollo standing leaning on stele (Imh.,
Kl. M., p. 247, No. 1); &c. Also Imperial—Claudius to Gallienus.
Inscr., ΚΑΔΟΗΝΩΝ. Magistrates with επι, Stephanephoros (time of
Claudius), Archon or First Archon from Hadrian onwards. Games—
CЄΒΑCΤΑ ΟΜΟΒΩΜΙΑ (Elagabalus and Treb. Gallus) and ΑΥΓΟΥ-
CΤЄΙΑ (Gallienus). Chief types—Zeus Lydios or Laodikeus; Artemis
Ephesia; both deities sometimes in temples; The Capitoline Triad—
Zeus, Hera, and Athena; Two Nemeses; Kybele; Demeter; Dionysos;
Athena; Hermes; Asklepios and Hygieia; Apollo; Artemis; River-god
ЄΡΜΟC; Roma seated; &c. Also busts of CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC, ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ,
ΙЄΡΟC ΔΗΜΟC, ΔΗΜΟC, ΒΑCΙΛЄΥC ΜΙΔΑC Bust of King Midas, &c.
(B. M. C., Phr., Pls. XIV, XV).
Alliance coins with Aezanis (see supra, p. 664), struck at the latter
place.


Ceretapa (Kayadibi) in southern Phrygia, on the bank of a small lake
about twenty miles south-east of Colossae. Quasi-autonomous and
Imperial coins—Ant. Pius, Commodus, S. Severus, and Caracalla, &c.
Inscr., ΚЄΡЄΤΑΠЄΩΝ ΔΙΟΚΑΙCΑΡЄΩΝ or ΚЄΡЄΤΑΠЄΩΝ. Magis-
trate’s name with patronymic, under Commodus with παρα, under
Severus, &c., with title Strategos without preposition. Chief types—

669

Herakles and Zeus face to face; Child Herakles kneeling on rocks with
serpents twined round his arms; Attributes of Herakles, bow in case,
club, and lion-skin; also types relating to the worship of Zeus, Kybele,
Dionysos, Sarapis, Athena; River-god ΑVΛΙΝΔΗ[Ν]ΟC (Imhoof, Zur
gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 155); also Busts of Herakles, ΒΟVΛΗ, &c.
A coin of young Caracalla, as Caesar, bears his original name
ΒΑCCΙΑΝΟC (Z. f. N., xvii. 20). Vaillant (Num. Gr., p. 69) cites an
alliance coin of Hierapolis with Ceretapa (Commodus), but no specimen
is known to me.
Cibyra. This city, near the sources of the Indus in southern
Phrygia, bordering upon Lycia, was not incorporated into the Roman
province of Asia until B.C. 84. After the defeat of Antiochus, B.C. 190,
Cibyra gained or retained its independence as the chief city of
a confederation of four towns, Cibyra, Balbura, Bubon, and Oenoanda,
constituting the Cabalian Tetrapolis. Cibyra struck silver tetradrachms
and drachms of the Cistophoric standard, and bronze coins which appear
to belong to the period 166 to 84 B.C. They often bear names in the
nominative case at full length, or more commonly abbreviated or in
monogram. It has been thought that these names are those of dynasts
of the Cibyratis, on the ground that one of them, Moagetes, is identical
with the name of the last dynast, who was dispossessed by the Romans
in B.C. 84; but it would seem that the names on the coins are far too
numerous to be those of reigning dynasts (see B. M. C., Phr., p. xlvi).
The types are as follows:—

Helmeted male head.

[Imh., Kl. M., i. Pl. VIII. 6.]
ΚΙΒΥΡΑΤΩΝ Naked rider with lance
or lance and shield, names ΜΟΑ-
ΓΕΤΗ[Σ] or ΠΑΠΗΣ.
AR Dr. 53-50 grs.

Id.

[Imh., Kl. M. 251, and Mon. gr. 395.]
Similar, but horseman wears cuirass
and helmet. Numerous names, usually
abbreviated or in mon. and various
adjunct symbols.
AR Tetradr. 196 grs.

AR Dr. 47 grs.

Helmeted head.
ΚΙΒΥΡΑΤΩΝ Humped bull in incuse
square. Æ .4

Id.
Eagle; Rider; Forepart of horse; &c.
Æ .4

Head of Helios.
Humped bull; Forepart of do.; Bust of
horse. Æ .4

Head of Zeus.
Apollo standing. Æ .4

Heads of the Dioskuri.
Nike erecting trophy. Æ .4

Female head.
ΚΙΒΥΡΑΤΩΝ Rose. Æ .4



For other varieties see Imhoof (op. cit., and Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk.,
p. 156).


A few of the bronze coins are dated either from the era of Asia,
B.C. 134-133, or from the Sullan era, B.C. 84. The next era of
Cibyra dates from A.D. 24, as is proved by a coin of Elagabalus (Imh.,
Kl. M., 253).


Quasi-autonomous and Imperial— Augustus to Gallienus. Inscr.

670

ΚΙΒΥΡΑΤΩΝ or CЄΒ. ΚΙΒΥΡΑΤΩΝ (Augustus). ΚΑΙCΑΡЄΩΝ ΚΙΒΥ-
ΡΑΤΩΝ (see Imh., Kl. M., 256), in honor of Tiberius, was also in
frequent use. Magistrates’ names at first in nominative without title,
from Domitian in genitive with επι, and occasional title, Archiereus, or
Grammateus. After Severus, magistrates’ names do not occur. Chief
types—Dionysos; Zeus; Hades; Winged Nemesis; Amazon in various
aspects, regarded as City-goddess; Veiled goddess (Hekate) with torch, in
biga drawn by lions; a large wicker basket, the name of which may
have been similar in sound to that of the name of the town; cf. κιβυσις,
κυβισις, κιββα, κιβωτος (Wadd., As. Min., 19). This basket occurs frequently also as a symbol, and is often borne as a crown on the heads of
various divinities (Θεοι Πισιδικοι (?), Imhoof, Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk.,
p. 157). Other frequent types are—River-god (Indos ?); Kore; Hekate
triformis; Herakles resting his club on small terminal figure; also
heads of CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC; ΒΟΥΛΗ; ΔΗΜΟC; ΚΙΒΥΡΑ; ΙΝΩ; [ΡΩ]ΜΗ

ΑΔΡΙΑΝ[Η?]; and portraits inscribed ΑΤΙΩΣ, ΟΥΗΡΑΝΙΟC, and
ΜΑΡΚЄΛΛΟC, probably local celebrities. Games—ΠΥΘΙΑ(?) (Mion. iv.
261, No. 391) if Sestini’s description is to be trusted.


Alliance coins with Ephesus under Sev. Alex., and with Hierapolis
under M. Aurelius and Faustina.


Cidyessus, in the Sitchanli Ova, some thirty miles east of Siocharax.
Quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins-Domitian to Otacilia. Inscr.,
on obverse, ΚΙΔΥΗΣΣΕΙΣ ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤΟΡΑ ΔΟΜΙΤΙΑΝΟΝ, or, on
reverse, ΚΙΔΥΗCCЄΩΝ. Magistrates’ names with επι—Archiereus, First
Archon, or Logistes. Types—Zeus seated; Kybele seated; Athena
standing; Mên (?) standing before seated Zeus, altar between them;
Dionysos standing, with panther at his feet and small figure of Pan
behind him; Bust of ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC; &c. (B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XIX.
1-3).
Colossae, on the Lycus, about twelve miles above Laodiceia. Auto-
nomous—of the second or first century B.C. Obv., Head of Zeus, rev., ΚΟ-
ΛΟΣΣΗΝΩΝ Winged fulmen (Sir H. Weber Coll.). Quasi-autonomous
and Imperial—Aelius Caesar to Gallienus (?). Inscr., ΚΟΛΟCCΗΝΩΝ
(rarely ΚΟΛΟCCΗΝΟΙC ΑΝЄΘΗΚЄΝ). Magistrates from Aelius Caes.
to Caracalla, with or without titles—Grammateus, Archon, Strategos,
Stephanephoros, &c.; and, on coins of Commodus, CΤΡΑΤΗΓ. ΤΩΝ ΠЄΡΙ
ΖΩCΙΜΟΝ ΦΙΛΟΠΑΤΟΡΑ (Imhoof, Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 158).
The coins appear to be all dedicatory. Chief types—River-god ΛΥΚΟC
recumbent; Wolf, symbol of R. Lycus; Artemis huntress; Artemis
Ephesia; Artemis in biga of stags; Athena; Leto with infants; Zeus
Laodikeus; Helios; Demeter; Sarapis; Isis; Asklepios and Hygieia;
also busts of ΒΟΥΛΗ; ΔΗΜΟC; Helios; Mên; Athena; Sarapis; &c.
(B. M. C., Phr., p. xlix, and Pl. XIX. 4-9).
Cotiaëum (Koutaya), on the upper Tembris, about thirty miles north
of Appia on the north road from Acmoneia to Dorylaëum. Quasi-
autonomous and Imperial coins, Tiberius to Gallienus. Inscr., ΚΟ-
ΤΙΑΕΙΣ ΡΩΜΗΝ or ΣΥΝΚΛΗΤΟΝ and, later, ΚΟΤΙΑЄΩΝ. Magis-
trates—ΕΠΙ ΜΑΡΚΟΥ ΛΕΠΙΔΟΥ M. Aemilius Lepidus, Proconsul of
Asia, A.D. 21-22, and Μ. CΚΑΠΛΑ ΑΝΘ., M. Scapula, Proconsul under
Trajan (Hunter, ii. 483). Local magistrates with επι, with or without

671

titles, υιος πολεως, Archon or First Archon, Agonothetes δια βιου, Philopa-
tris, Epimeletes, Stephanephoros, υιος ιππικου, Hippikos, and Archiereus.
For fuller list of names and titles see B. M. C., Phr., p. li.
Chief types—Kybele seated, often in lion-car, the lions sometimes
supporting on their heads an agonistic table; Helios in quadriga, or
standing with seated statuette of Kybele on his arm; Herakles with same
statuette, or with infant Telephos, or in the garden of the Hesperides;
Zeus seated; Apollo seated, or standing before tripod; Artemis Ephesia;
Asklepios and Hygieia; &c. Also heads of Roma (ΡΩΜΗΝ), Synkletos
(ΣVΝΚΛΗΤΟΝ), and ΔΗΜΟC (B. M. C., Phr., Pls. XX-XXII).


Alliance coins with Ephesus. ΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ ΠΡΟΟ ЄΦЄCΙΟVC (Cara-
calla). City of Cotiaëum represented by Kybele seated before Artemis
Ephesia and crowned by Tyche (B. M. C., Phr., Pl. LI. 6).


Diocleia (Doghla), in the country of the Moxeani, stood in a well-
watered valley on the road from Acmoneia to Eucarpeia.


Imperial coins, of Elagabalus only. Inscr., ΔΙΟΚΛЄΑΝΩΝ ΜΟΖЄ-
ΑΝΩΝ. Types—Apollo standing between tripod and column, on which
he supports his lyre (B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XXII. 7; cf. Hirsch, Auct. Cat.
xiii. 4116); Demeter standing (Z. f. N., xvi. 8).
Dionysopolis occupied a fertile district on the south bank of the upper
Maeander, by which its territory was separated from the κοινον of the
Hyrgaleis (Ramsay, C. and B., 126; J. H. S., iv. 374 ff, x. 216 ff.;
Reinach, Chron. d'Or., i. 497. 4). According to Steph. Byz. it was founded
by Eumenes II (B.C. 197-159) and Attalus II (B.C. 159-138) of Pergamum
on the spot where a ζοανον of Dionysos had been found. Autonomous Æ
of second or first century B.C. Obv. Head of young Dionysos in ivy-
wreath, rev. ΔΙ°ΝΥΣ Bunch of grapes (B. M.). Obv. Bust of young
Dionysos in ivy-wreath with thyrsos at shoulder, rev. ΔΙΟΝΥΣΟ, Dio-
nysos standing wearing himation, holding thyrsos and grapes over
panther. Magistrate’s name with patronymic as on contemporary
coins of Apameia. Quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins, Tiberius
to Maesa. Inscr., ΔΙΟΝΥΣΟΠΟΛΙΤΩΝ, ΔΙΟΝΥCΟΠΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ.
Magistrates’ names in nominative with patronymic under Tiberius.
In time of Severus and Caracalla with title Strategos (CΤΡΑΤΗ-
ΓΟΥΝΤΟC), and dedicatory coins by ΧΑΡΗC Β ΙЄΡЄΥC ΔΙΟΝΥCΟΥ,
with ΑΝЄΘΗΚЄΝ. On coins of Elagabalus Maesa, and Annia Faus-
tina, struck A.D. 221-2, the date . Ο = year 70, occurs. This points
to the year A.D. 152-3 as the era from which Dionysopolis reckoned
its years. Antoninus Pius may have inaugurated some festival there
in that year. Cf. similar dated coins of the Hyrgaleis and of
Laodiceia (Imh., Kl. M., 222). Chief types (B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XXIII)—
Dionysos enthroned or standing, sometimes between Zeus Laodikeus
and Asklepios, or between the Apollo of Hierapolis and Asklepios;
Demeter (?) veiled to front holding in each hand a torch, beside her,
Telesphoros (J. H. S., iv. 161); Asklepios and Telesphoros, Cista mystica with serpent; Zeus Laodikeus; Kybele seated; Artemis Ephesia;
Hermes; Rider-god with double-axe; River-god ΜЄΑΝΔΡΟC; also
heads of ΖЄΥC ΠΟΤΗΟC, epithet elsewhere unknown; ΠΟΛΙC, City-
goddess; Sarapis; Seilenos; ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC; ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ; and
ΔΗΜΟC. The Rider-god with the double-axe is a type common to
many towns in Lydia and Phrygia (B. M. C., Lyd., p. cxxviii).672


Docimeium (Ichje Kara-hissar), lay in a gorge of the river Dureius,
an affluent of the Caÿstrus about twenty miles north-east of Prymnessus
on the road leading to Amorium. It was a Macedonian town founded
by a certain Dokimos, perhaps the general who surrendered Synnada
to Lysimachus, B.C. 302.
Quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins, Claudius to Tranquillina.
Inscr., ΔΟΚΙΜΕΩΝ or ΔΟΚΙΜЄΩΝ ΜΑΚЄΔΟΝΩΝ. Magistrates—
Anthypatos, ΕΠΙ ΚΟΡΒΟΥΛΩΝΟΣ ΑΝΘΥ, prob. Cn. Domitius Corbulo,
Procos. of Asia, A.D. 51 or 52, who was put to death by order of Nero
at Cenchreae, A.D. 67. Local Magistrate. Strategos, with additional title
First Archon, on coin of Verus only (Mion. iv. 516). No other Magis-
trates’ names. Chief types—Kybele standing to front between two
lions; Kybele riding on lion; Kybele standing beside Mount Persis
(Jahrbuch Arch. Inst., iii. 295); Dionysos naked to front, between
small satyr and Eros (Imh., Kl. M., Pl. VII. 20); Two naked men
contending with lion at foot of a cultus-statue or trophy (?), probably
a reminiscence of the bronze group dedicated by Krateros at Delphi
in memory of his rescue of Alexander from the attack of a lion (Plut.
Alex. 40; but see Imh., Kl. M., 224, according to whose description
the men are rescuing a woman from the lion). Mount ΠЄΡCΙC; River-
god [Δ]ΟΥΡЄΙΟC; Apollo naked with tripod beside him; Athena;
Artemis holding two torches; Hermes; Asklepios; Telesphoros; &c.
Also heads of ΔΟΚΙΜΟC, the oekist; Herakles; Hermes; Pan; ΙΕΡΑ
CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC; ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ; &c. For illustrations see B. M. C., Phr.,
Pl. XXIV. The famous quarries of the marble known as Docimean and
Synnadean were in Mount Persis.


Alliance coins with Ephesus, ΕΦΕCΙΩΝ ΔΟΚΙΜΕΩΝ ΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ
(Gordian) (Imhoof, Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 148).


Dorylaëum (Eski-shehr), the most northern town in Phrygia, on the
river Tembris (Radet, En Phrygie, 80; Imh., Kl. M., 225). Imperial
coins, Vespasian to Philip Jun. Inscr., ΔΟΡΥΛΑΕΩΝ. Magistrate—
Anthypatos, ΙΤΑΛΙΚΩ ΑΝΘΥΠΑΤΩ, Ti. Catius C. Silius Italicus,
Procos. of Asia shortly after A.D. 77. Local Magistrates, Archon, or
First Archon and Stephanephoros, in genitive case with επι.
Chief types—Kybele; Hades; Dionysos; River god (Tembris); Zeus,
on one coin of Trajan with epithet ΜΕΛΗΝΟC (Imh., l. c. This is the
Zeus of Mela, and points to a close connexion between Dorylaëum and
Mela in Bithynia); Nemesis; Thanatos with reversed torch; Two draped
figures carrying spears and sacrificing before altar over which an eagle
hovers, perhaps Dorylaos and Akamas as founders (cf. Radet, op. cit.,
p. 165 ff.). The names of two of the archons which occur on coins of
Gordian and Philip, Attikos and Timaeos, are met with in lapidary
inscriptions found at Eski-Shehr and Shehr-E'uyuk. For illustrations
see B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XXV.


Epicteteis. See Aezanis.


Eriza, an unimportant city in the lower Indus valley between Cibyra
and Themisonium (Ramsay, C. and B., 253 ff.; Imh., Kl. M., 226). Like
Cibyra it seems to have been autonomous before B.C. 84, and to have
issued a few bronze coins:—Obv. Head of Poseidon(?), rev. ΕΡΙΖΗΝΩΝ
Eagle on fulmen (Z. f. N., x. 56). Obv. Bust of Athena, Magistrate's

673

name ΠΑΖΑΜΟΣ, rev. ΕΡΙ Bust of horse (Imh., l. c.); obv. Horseman,
rev. Athena fighting ΠΑΖΑ[ΜΟΣ?] (Invent. Wadd., 2338); obv. ЄΡ.
Double-axe, rev. Trident (B. M.). Imperial—S. Sev., Carac., and Geta.
Inscr., ЄΡΙΖΗΝΩΝ. Magistrates’ names with επι ιερ[εως]. Types—
Helios or Mên on horse (Z. f. N., x. 56 and xii. 323); Artemis Ephesia
(Imh., Kl. M., 227, and B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XXVI).
Eucarpeia (Emir Hissar) was the chief city in the valley of the Phrygian
Pentapolis (Ramsay, C. & B., 690). Quasi-autonomous and Imperial
coins, Augustus to Volusian. In the time of Augustus, Eucarpeia was
the only place of mintage in the whole valley, and its coins consequently
bear the inscr. ΕΥΚΑΡΠΙΤΙΚΟΥ, showing that they were current through-
out the whole of the Eucarpitic Plain, as the Valley of the upper
Glaucus may then have been called. The name ‘Pentapolis’ is quite
late and only occurs twice (Ramsay, l. c. 698). These coins were issued
in the name of ΛΥΚΙΔΑΣ ΕΥΞΕΝΟΥ, probably a Priest, and of ΑΠΦΙΑ
ΙΕΡΗΑ, Priestess apparently of Artemis, whose statue is the prevailing
type at Eucarpeia. The goddess stands to front, holding bow and
drawing arrow from quiver; on her r. is a deer, and on her left
a small cultus-idol of an Asiatic goddess, perhaps Kybele. From
Hadrian’s time the inscr. is ЄΥΚΑΡΠЄΩΝ, and coins were struck
ЄΠΙΜЄΛΗΘЄΙCΗC ΠЄΔΙΑC CЄΚΟΥΝΔΗC (Pedia Secunda, doubtless
also a Priestess), and later under M. Aurelius, ЄΠΙΜЄΛΗΘЄΝΤΟC Γ.
ΚΛ. ΦΛΑΚΚΟΥ (Flaccus, probably a Priest), or ΑΙΤΗCΑΜЄΝΟΥ Π. ΚΛ.
ΜΑΞ. ΜΑΡΚЄΛΛΙΑΝΟΥ (Marcellianus, the official on whose special
request an issue of coins may have been authorized, cf. Ramsay, l. c.,
693). Other types—Kybele standing with hand resting on lion’s head;
Hermes with ram; Poseidon; Eucarpeia, city-goddess, seated holding
ears of corn; Bucranium surmounted by crescent and two stars; Temple
of Tyche, &c., also heads of ЄΥΚΑΡΠЄΙΑ. ΔΗΜΟC, ΒΟΥΛΗ. Dionysos,
Hermes, &c. For illustrations see B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XXVI.
Eumeneia (Ishekli) was a Pergamene city founded by Attalus II
B.C. 159-138 as a counterpoise to the neighbouring Peltae, a Seleucid
stronghold. He named it after his brother Eumenes. The territory
of Eumeneia comprised the rich plain between the lower Glaucus and
its junction with the upper Maeander, in the midst of which stood, at
Attanassos, the hieron of an old Phrygian god (Ramsay, C. & B., 356).
Its earliest coins are autonomous bronze of the second century B.C. Inscr.,
ΕΥΜΕΝΕΩΝ. Types—Head of Zeus, rev. oak-wreath; Head of Athena,
rev. Nike; Head of Dionysos, rev. Tripod between bipennis entwined
by serpent and filleted laurel branch, each surmounted by star, mostly with
magistrates’ names in genitive case with patronymic. After an interval
of about half a century coins were struck, probably at Eumeneia, under
the name of Fulvia, which appears to have been imposed upon it for
a very brief time in honour of the wife of M. Antony (ob. B.C. 40).
Obv. Portrait of Fulvia as Nike winged, rev. ΦΟΥΛΟΥΙΑΝΩΝ ΖΜΕΡ-
ΤΟΡΙΓΟΣ ΦΙΛΩΝΙΔΟΥ, Athena with spear and shield, or Same inscr. in
ivy-wreath (Z. f. N. xvii. 21). Quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins were
issued from the time of Tiberius to that of Gallienus. Inscr., ΕΥΜΕΝΕΩΝ
and later ЄΥΜЄΝЄΩΝ ΑΧΑΙΩΝ, showing that some of the influential
families claimed an Achaean ancestry. Magistrates—Tiberius to Nero

674

in nominative case ΟΥΑΛΕΡΙΟΣ ΖΜΕΡΤΟΡΙΞ, doubtless a member of
the same family as the Zmertorix of B.C. 40, ΕΠΙΓΟΝΟΣ ΦΙΛΟΠΑΤΡΙΣ
(cf. C. I. G., 3887, where this magistrate is called ‘Ιερευς της Ρωμης), and
ΚΛΕΩΝ ΑΓΑΠΗΤΟΣ. The son (?) of the last named, ΙΟVΛΙΟΣ ΚΛΕWΝ,
appears on coins of Nero as Ο ΑΡΧΙЄΡΕVC [1] or as ΑΡΧΙΕΡΕΥΣ ΑΣΙΑΣ
and his wife ΒΑΣΣΑ ΚΛΕΩΝΟΣ as ΑΡΧΙΕΡΗΑ [of Asia] on coins of
Agrippina Jun.
Under Domitian the name is in the genitive case accompanied by
ЄΙCΑΝΓЄΙΛΑΝΤΟC and ΑΡΧΙ. ΑCΙΑC, which is supposed to mean
that the coin was issued ‘on the presentation of a report by’ the chief
priest (see supra, p. 662). After Domitian the few names which occur are
preceded by επι. Titles—αρχιερευς, under Philip, and αγωνοθετης, under
Volusian. Games (according to Sestini, Lett., ix. 61)—ΦΙΛΑΔЄΛΦΙΑ,
on coin of Gallienus. Chief types—Naked Apollo holding double-axe
and raven; the Rider-god with double-axe (cf. similar divinities at
Thyatira); Zeus standing; Artemis Ephesia; Apollo and Dionysos in
car drawn by goat and pantheress, on the goat’s back sits Eros playing
the double flute; Nike sacrificing bull; River-god ΓΛΑΥΚΟC; &c.
Also heads of Hermes, Dionysos, ЄΥΜЄΝЄΙΑ, ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC,
ΔΗΜΟC, &c. It will be seen from the above notes that the coinage of
Eumeneia is chiefly of a sacerdotal character. No purely municipal
titles occur. For illustrations see B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XXVII.


Flaviopolis. See Temenothyrae.


Fulvia. See Eumeneia.


Grimenothyrae or Flavia Grimenothyrae. The Grimenothyreis were
a people inhabiting the region between Temenothyrae (Ushak) and
Keramon Agora on the upper Sindrus near Acmoneia. Their two cities
were Flavia Grimenothyrae and Trajanopolis, some four miles to the south
of it. Grimenothyrae dates from the time of Domitian, Trajanopolis,
a more convenient site (Charik-keui), from that of Trajan (Imhoof,
Festschrift für O. Benndorf, p. 204). The coins of Grimenothyrae range
from Domitian to Hadrian, those of Trajanopolis (q. v.) from Trajan to
Gordian. Inscr., A coin of Domitian (Imhoof, l. c.) reads ΦΛΑΟΥΙΩΝ
ΓΡΙΜЄΝΟΘΥΡЄΩΝ; those of Trajan and Hadrian ΓΡΙΜЄΝΟΘΥΡЄΩΝ
only; and these latter bear Magistrates’ names with επι but without titles.
Chief types—Zeus seated; Asklepios and Hygieia; Zeus draped standing
with eagle and sceptre; Mên standing; Athena standing; Demeter
standing; Herakles standing holding apple; &c. Also heads of Herakles,
Artemis, ΙЄΡΑCΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC, ΔΗΜΟC,&c. For illustrations see B. M. C.,
Phr., Pl. XXVIII.
Hadrianopolis or Hadrianopolis Sebaste, in the extreme east of
Phrygia Paroreios, some fifteen miles south-east of Philomelium near
Doghan Arslan. According to Ramsay and Anderson, its original name
seems to have been Thymbrion (J. H. S., viii. 491, 48, 49, and xviii. 116 ff.;


1 Imhoof, Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 150, notes the few other instances known to him, in
which the article is prefixed to the magistrate’s title, e. g. ο αρχιατρος (at Ceramus), ο γραμ-
μτευς (at Colossae), and ο επιμελητης (at Mastaura).

675

Ramsay, Hist. Geog., 140, 57, and 142, 60). Imperial coins, Ant. Pius to
Treb. Gallus. Inscr., ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟΠΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ or CЄΒ. ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟΠΟ-
ΛЄΙΤΩΝ usually abbreviated, mostly with Magistrates’ names in genitive,
with or without επι, and with title Archon, apparently the Strategos.
There was also a city in Thrace called Hadrianopolis, where, however.
the title CЄΒ. is absent. The only means of distinguishing between the
coins of these two cities is a careful study of fabric and characteristic
types. The chief types of the Phrygian Hadrianopolis are—Mên standing;
Nemesis between wheel and griffin; Distyle temple containing krater
and staff; Nike; Tyche; Bull standing; River-god, ΚΑΡΜЄΙΟC; &c.
(Imhoof, Mon. gr., 400; Gr. M., 737; Kl. M., 232; J. Int. d'arch. num.,
i. 20; B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XXVIII). There are also quasi-autonomous
coins with heads of Athena, Mên, &c.
Hierapolis, the ‘Holy City’ (Pambuk Kalesi), stood on a lofty ridge
overlooking the wide plain of the Lycus as far as its junction with the
Maeander some fifteen miles to the west. The place owed its sanctity to
its famous hot springs and its Charonion, believed to be an entrance into
the underworld, from which a mephitic vapour was emitted. Leto the
Mother-goddess, Apollo-Helios-Lairbenos, and other native Phrygian
divinities were also revered at Hierapolis.
Its earliest coins are autonomous bronze of the second century B.C.
reading ΙΕΡΟΠΟΛΙΤΩΝ. The form ΙΕΡΑΠΟΛΙΤΩΝ dates only from
the time of Augustus. The types of the autonomous coins are, obv. Head
of Apollo, rev. Goddess Roma (?) holding Nike, and seated on three
shields; also, obv. Head of Zeus, rev. Apollo Kitharoedos; obv. Lyre,
rev. Omphalos. Monogram or Magistrate’s name in nominative case.
Quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins, Augustus to Valerian. Inscr.,
after Claudius, ΙЄΡΑΠΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ, with addition, sometimes, of ΝЄΩ-
ΚΟΡΩΝ from time of Elagabalus. Roman Magistrates, ΦΑΒΙΟΣ ΜΑΞΙ-
ΜΟΣ, Procos., B.C. 5, with his portrait, and ΜΑΡΚЄΛ. ΑΝΘΥ. (Clodius
Eprius Marcellus, Procos., A. D. 70-73, cf. also Laodiceia). Municipal
Magistrates, in nominative case, usually with patronymic, and occa-
sionally with titles, Φιλοπατρις, Γραμματευς δημου, Γραμματευς. Magistrates’
names do not occur regularly after the reign of Nero,[1] and the only coins
of Hierapolis after the time of Philip seem to be alliance coins with
Ephesus and Smyrna of the time of Valerian.


Chief types. (i) Before Trajan—Lyre; Tripod; Apollo Kitharoedos;
Bipennis surmounted by head of Helios and with serpent round handle;
Rider-god with bipennis; Demeter (?) seated; Zeus Laodikeus; Temple
of the Augustan cult, with ΓΕΝΕΙ ΣΕΒΑCΤΩΝ. (ii) After Trajan—
Artemis Ephesia; Athena and Hermes face to face; Athena Nikephoros;
Apollo Kitharoedos; Rider-god with bipennis; Herakles standing; Two
cloaked figures, each with spear, sacrificing before lighted altar (cf. Dory-
laëum under Gordian); Rape of Kore; ΜΟΨΟC and ΤΟΡΡΗΒΟC, the pro-
phet and the priest, the former with the bow and laurel-branch of the god
Apollo, the latter holding cultus-image of the Phrygian goddess, and
leaning on a lyre, referring to the introduction by him of the Lydian
music into the ritual ceremony of the goddess (Ramsay, C. & B., 88); ΘЄΑ


1 Mion. iv. 630 and S. vii. 378, 391 are untrustworthy.

676

ΡΩΜΗ seated; Zeus Laodikeus; Nemesis; Isis; Asklepios and Hygieia;
River ΧΡΥCΟΡΟΑC, whose waters tumbling over the cliffs disappeared
into a chasm in the plain beneath; Mên standing; Selene-Hekate with
two torches in biga; Tyche ΕΥΠΟCΙΑ and ΕΥΒΟCΙΑ [1]. These are the
chief reverse-types. On the obverses of the above are heads of Apollo
ΑΡΧΗΓЄΤΗC with lyre, or radiate as Helios; Helios ΛΑΙΡΒΗΝΟC; ΖЄΥC
ΒΩΖΙΟC[2]; ΖЄΥC ΤΡΩΙΟC; Dionysos; Athena; Selene; Sarapis; Askle-
pios; Herakles; ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC; ΙЄΡΑΒΟΥΛΗ; ΒΟΥΛΗ; ΔΗΜΟC;
ΓЄΡΟΥCΙΑ; City-goddess, ΙЄΡΑΠΟΛΙC; &c.


Games—The strictly Hierapolitan Games were the ΠVΘΙΑ from the
time of Caracalla; the ΑΚΤΙΑ in connexion with the Neocory (Elaga-
balus and Philippus); the ΟΛΥΜΠΙΑ (Philippus); and ΤΑ ΠΑΡΑ ΤΩ
ΧΡVCΟΡΟΑ (Annia Faustina). On the numerous alliance coins other
games are also mentioned in combination with the ΠVΘΙΑ of Hierapolis,
e. g. Π and Χ, each in wreath, for ΠVΘΙΑ and ΧΡVCΑΝΘΙΝΑ (Hierapolis
and Sardes); Π and Є for ΠVΘΙΑ and ЄΦЄCΙΑ or Π and Ο for ΠVΘΙΑ
and ΟΛVΜΠΙΑ (Hierapolis and Ephesus); ΠVΘΙΑ and ΚΟΙΝΑ ΑCΙΑC
(Hierapolis and Smyrna), &c. (See v. Papen in Z. f. N., xxvi, pp. 161-82.)


Alliance coins. Alliance coins were struck at Hierapolis apparently
on five distinct occasions. (i) Under Hadrian, alliance with Laodiceia
and reciprocally at Laodiceia with Hierapolis. (ii) Under M. Aurelius,
Verus, and Faustina, alliances with Cibyra (coins struck there), Ephesus,
and Synnada. (iii) Under Commodus, alliances with Ephesus, Sardes.,
and Aphrodisias. (iv) Under the Philips, alliances with Ephesus, Smyrna,
Sardes, Pergamum, and Cyzicus, often with heads of Lairbenos, Syn-
kletos, &c., instead of the Imperial portrait. (v) Under Valerian, alli-
ances with Ephesus and Smyrna.


The evidence for an alliance coin with Ceretapa (Eckhel, D. N., iii.
157) rests only on the doubtful authority of Vaillant.


For illustrations see B. M. C., Phr., Pls. XXIX-XXXII, and Imhoof,
Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 151 sqq.


Hieropolis was the old religious centre of the Glaukos valley of
which Eucarpeia was the commercial capital. During nearly all
of the first century A. D. Eucarpeia provided currency for the whole
valley (see supra, p. 673). Hieropolis began to coin apparently only
under Nerva, and its coinage does not extend beyond the time of Elaga-
balus. Inscr., ΙЄΡΟΠΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ. In the time of M. Aurelius, Verus,
and Faustina Jun. the coins were issued in the name of an Asiarch,
ЄΠΙΜЄΛΗΘЄΝΤΟC ΚΛ. ΠΩΛΛΙΩΝΟC ΑCΙΑΡΧΟΥ. No other magis-
trates’ names occur. The chief types are Nike wingless or winged;
Zeus βροντων naked, hurling fulmen or holding eagle, sometimes with a
second eagle at his feet and with aegis hanging over his extended arm;
Kybele seated; Demeter standing before altar; Hades-Sarapis seated
with Kerberos, and sometimes with Isis standing before him; Artemis
running; Artemis Ephesia; Asklepios; Mên; Two stars in crescent
above the horns of a bucranium, one above the other, connected by a
vertical line (cf. coins of Eucarpeia, Peltae, and Stectorium); Tyche; &c.


1 Concerning these names see Ramsay, C. & B., 627, 637, and Imh., Lyd. Stadtm., 108, 182.
2 On the derivation of this word see Ramsay, C. & B., 153.

677

Also busts of ΒΟΥΛΗ, ΔΗΜΟC, or ΙЄΡΟΠΟΛΙC turreted with sceptre
and cornucopiae. For illustrations see B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XXXII.
Hydrela is placed by Ramsay (C. & B., 172) on the left bank of the
Maeander opposite Tripolis. The territory of the Hydrelitae comprised
the lower plain of the Lycus including originally Hierapolis, which
gradually superseded Hydrela and rose to be the religious centre of the
district, while Hydrela sank into the position of a small city of little
importance. Its earliest coinage dates from the first century B.C. Obv.
Bust of Artemis. Rev. Mên standing (Brit. Mus.). Inscr., ΥΔΡΗΛΙ-
ΤΩΝ.


There are also a few quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins. Inscr.,
ΥΔΡΗΛΕΙΤΩΝ, one of Augustus (or young Nero ?) with magistrate's
name in nominative, ΕΥΘΥΔΩΡΟΣ (Imh., Kl. M., 245) and several
dedicatory coins of Hadrian’s time with ΑΠЄΛΛΑC ΑΘΗΝΑΓΟΡΟΥ
ΑΝЄΘΗΚЄ. Types—Mên on horse; Hera standing before Zeus Laodi-
keus and Athena (a modification of the Capitoline Triad, cf. Imhoof,
Kl. M., i. 121, 266, 272); Hermes standing; Dionysos standing; Apollo
Kitharistes; Lion and Star; Club, bow-case, and quiver. Also Heads of
Athena, Sarapis, and ΔΗΜΟC, some certainly much later than Hadrian's
time (Millingen, Syll., 73). For illustrations see B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XXXIII.
Hyrgaleis. These people occupied part of the modern Chal-ova in the
bend of the upper Maeander between the territory of Dionysopolis
on the west and the plain of Peltae on the east. The townships
in the Hyrgalean Plain formed a single federation or κοινον. There
are several ancient sites in the plain, but the place of mintage was
probably Lounda. Quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins, Antoninus
Pius to Sev. Alexander. Inscr., VΡΓΑΛΛЄΩΝ, and more com-
monly VΡΓΑΛЄΩΝ. [1] Magistrates—Ant. Pius to Domna and Cara-
calla in genitive with επι, and title Archon or Strategos (Imhoof, Zur
gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 154; Z. f. N., xvii. 22; Invent. Wadd., 367).
Apollodotus, one of the Strategoi of whom coins are known, has also left
a lapidary inscription dedicated to Ant. Pius, on which he records, as
the climax of his own services, the fact that he had struck coins
(κοψας και νομισματα). (See Maonald in Class. Rev., 1907, p. 58.)
The Hyrgaleis seem to have issued a great many coins in the year
A.D. 222, when Severus Alexander became emperor. These are all
dated ΤϚ (= 306 from the Lydo-Phrygian or Sullan era, B.C. 85-84),
and are without magistrates’ names. The chief types of the Hyrgalean
coins are Rider-god with double-axe and hound (Z. f. N., l. c.); Zeus
Laodikeus; Kybele enthroned; Demeter standing; River-god ΜΑΙΑΝ-
ΔΡΟC; Mên standing; Apollo and Artemis face to face, with stag
between them; Hermes; Isis; Dikaiosyne; Tyche. Also Heads of
Dionysos, Sarapis, ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC, ΔΗΜΟC, ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ, veiled
and diademed as on coins of the neighbouring Dionysopolis, &c. (Imhoof,
Gr. M., 216; Kl. M., 246; Ramsay, C. & B., 129). For illustrations see
B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XXXIII.
Iulia (Ipsus). This old Phrygian town, renamed Julia in early Impe-
rial times, was probably at or near the modern Ishakli (Anderson,


1 Ramsay (C. & B. 129) mentions a coin of Domna with inscr. VΡΓΑΛЄΩΝΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ
(= κοινον).

678

J. H. S., xviii. 110 ff.) at the foot of the north-east extremity of the
range of mountains now called the Sultan Dagh. It was a station on
the important trade-route from the west through Phrygia to Iconium and
the east, and was situated about midway between the modern Afium
Kara-hissar and Ak-Shehr (Philomelium). Ipsus was famous for the
great battle, B.C. 301, in which Seleucus and Lysimachus defeated Anti-
gonus and his son Demetrius. Quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins
of Nero and Agrippina Jun., and, two hundred years later, of Aemilian
and Cornelia Supera. Inscr., ΙΟΥΛΙЄΩΝ. Magistrate’s name in nomi-
native under Nero and in genitive or dative with title archon under
Aemilian, &c. Chief types—Kybele seated; Mên, on horse, shouldering
three-pointed sceptre; Mên standing in temple; Tyche sacrificing; &c.
For illustrations see B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XXXIII.
Laodiceia ad Lycum was a stronghold of Seleucid power and influence
founded by Antiochus II (B.C. 261-246), and named in honour of his
wife Laodice. An older city on the same site was called Diospolis or
Rhoas. The territory of Laodiceia included a great part of the Lycus
valley, and was bounded by the two streams Lykos and Kapros, personified
on its coins by a Wolf and a Boar. Its earliest coins are cistophori.
These fall into three classes:—(i) B.C. 189-133, ΛΑΟ; symbols, Wolf and
Head of city; Wolf and Lyre; Head of city goddess, Aphrodite or
Laodice. (ii) After B.C. 133, ΛΑΟ, and Magistrates’ names in genitive
or (later) in nominative with patronymic; constant symbol, Caduceus.
(iii) Proconsular Cistophori of T. Ampius, B.C. 58-57; C. Fabius,
B.C. 57-56; P. Lentulus, P. f., Procos. of Cilicia B.C. 56-53, and Impera-
tor; Ap. Pulcher, Ap. f., Procos. of Cilicia B.C. 53-51, and Imperator;
M. Tullius, M. f. Cicero, Procos. of Cilicia B.C. 51-50, and Imperator;
and of C. Fannius, Pontifex, B.C. 49-48; with local magistrate’s name
and patronymic; symbol, caduceus (cf. similar classes at Apameia).
The autonomous bronze coins of Laodiceia probably began about the
same time as the earliest cistophori. Inscr., ΛΑΟΔΙΚΕΩΝ. Types—
Turreted head of goddess, rev. Lion seated; Head of Zeus, rev. Lotus
flower; Head of Aphrodite, rev. Aphrodite seated, holding dove; or
Aphrodite standing, holding dove with rose before her. The following
are of later date, after B.C. 133:—Head of Aphrodite or Queen Laodice,
wearing stephane and diadem, rev. Cornucopiae, double or single, the
latter usually accompanied by a caduceus; Head of Apollo (?), rev.
Tripod. The latest autonomous coins bear the mon. , perhaps
year 21 of the Sullan era (= B.C. 63), or else a proper name
(ЄΚΑΤ.... (?)). Types—Head of Zeus, rev. Cornucopiae with eagle on
it; Head of Dionysos, rev. Cista mystica between Caps of Dioskuri;
Running boar, rev. Wolf. (River-gods Kapros and Lykos.) My sugges-
tion that the female head wearing stephane and diadem(?) may be
a traditional portrait of Queen Laodice, and not merely an ideal head of
Aphrodite, though hypothetical, is, I think, warranted by the edict
of Antiochus II (B. C. H., 1885, 324 ff.) conferring upon Laodice divine
honours and appointing High Priestesses for her special cult in the
various satrapies of his dominions.


The quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins of Laodiceia range from
Augustus to Trajan Decius. Inscr., ΛΑΟΔΙΚЄΩΝ, or, from the time of
Caracalla, often ΛΑΟΔΙΚЄΩΝ ΝЄΩΚΟΡΩΝ. Magistrates—Anthypatos

679

(Proconsul), T. Clodius Eprius Marcellus, A.D. 70-73, and C. Popilius
Pedo, A.D. 160-161. Local magistrates’ names at first in nominative,
e.g. ΣΕΙΤΑΛΚΛΣ and ΠΥΘΗΣ (these two with their portraits); later,
sometimes in genitive with επι, or in Domitian’s reign with δια. Titles—
Philopatris (time of Augustus), Hiereus and Nomothetes (Nero), Gram-
mateus (Hadrian), Στρατηγων (Sabina), ‘Αρχιερατευων (M. Aur. Caes.),
Asiarch (Caracalla), Archiereus (Otacilia). The names of several of the
magistrates from Augustus to M. Aurelius have been identified by
Ramsay (C. & B., 42 ff.) as members of the wealthy and influential family
of the Zenonidae, among whom were Claudia Zenonis and Julia Zenonis,
women who were probably hereditary High Priestesses in the reign of
Domitian, and P. Claudius Attalos, who dedicated coins in the time
of Ant. Pius and M. Aurelius as High Priest, Π. ΚΛ. ΑΤΤΑΛΟC ΑΡΧΙЄ-
ΡΑΤЄΥΩΝ ΑΝЄΘΗΚЄ (Imh., Kl. M., 270, and Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk.,
p. 160). This Attalos was a citizen both of Laodiceia and of Smyrna,
where by his abilities he had earned the title Σοφιστης. Coins of the
latter city read ΑΤΤΑΛΟC CΟΦΙCΤΗC ΤΑΙC ΠΑΤΡΙCΙ CΜΥΡ. ΛΑΟ.
He also dedicated coins at Laodiceia with the word ЄΠΙΝΙΚΙΟΝ upon
them; type, Zeus Laodikeus standing (Mion., iv. 703), or a temple
inscribed ЄΠΙΝΙΚΙΟΝ; but as a similar temple inscribed ЄΠΙΝЄΙΚΙΟC
occurs on coins of Domitian, it cannot have been erected by Attalos.


In the time of Commodus Laodiceia received the title Neokoros, and
by a decree of the Senate at a later date the name of Elagabalus [1] was
associated with that of Commodus, ΝЄΩΚΟΡΩΝ ΚΟΜΟΔΟΥ ΚЄ
ΑΝΤΩΝЄΙΝΟΥ ΔΟΓΜΑΤΙ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟΥ.


The Games at Laodiceia mentioned on coins are the ΑΝΤΩΝЄΙΝΙΑ
ΚΟΜΟΔЄΙΑ, the ΚΟΙΝΑ ΑCΙΑC, and the ΑCΚΛΗΠЄΙΑ (Z. f. N.,
xiv. 122).


Dates. Some of the coins of Caracalla and Sev. Alexander bear the
dates 88 and 108, which point to an era in Hadrian’s reign, either
A.D. 123 or 130, in both of which years he visited Laodiceia (Imh.,
Kl. M., 272).


Among the chief types of the coins of Laodiceia are the following
heads or busts—ΘЄΑ ΡΩΜΗ; ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC; ΒΟVΛΗ; ΔΗΜΟC;
ΛΑΟΔΙΚΗΑ and ΛΑΟΔΙΚЄΙΑ; CΥΝЄΔΡΙΟΥ ΝЄΩΝ [2], bust of the Sy-
nedrion of young citizens, with two staves (?) at his back; ΖЄΥC ΑCЄΙC;
Mên; &c. The principal reverse-types are—Lion or Panther seated,
with double-axe over shoulder; Zeus Laodikeus standing draped in
long chiton, holding an eagle and resting on his sceptre; Aphrodite
draped standing; Altar surmounted by head-dress of Isis, or by mask
of Seilenos; Infant Ploutos on cornucopiae; Artemis Ephesia; Hades
with Kerberos; Wolf and Boar (River-gods Lykos and Kapros); Zeus
ΑCЄΙC carrying infant, with goat beside him; Pantheistic Tyche (Imhoof,
Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 161); Gymnasiarch (?) with vase at his feet
containing vexillum; Aphrodite naked to front, dressing her hair, between
Eros and dolphin; the three Charites; Hekate triformis; City-goddess
standing between Wolf and Boar, and holding phiale and statuette of
Zeus Laodikeus (Imhoof, Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 161); or Lykos
and Kapros recumbent in human form; Hera standing before Zeus and


1 Not Caracalla, see Imh., Kl. M., 274.
2 Cf. coins of Heracleia Salbace in Caria.

680

Athena (the Capitoline Triad); Kybele enthroned; Dionysos in panther-
car; the Dioskuri beside their horses; Emperor in quadriga of lions;
Eros winged or Thanatos, in sleeping attitude, with torch reversed;
the Seasons, personified as four children, inscr., ЄΥΤΥΧЄΙC ΚΑΙΡΟΙ,
equivalent to the Latin TEMPORVM FELICITAS (cf. Rev. Num. 1891,
31); Laodiceia seated between ΦΡΥΓΙΑ and ΚΑΡΙΑ standing (Num. Zeit.
1891, Pl. I. 1); Rhea or Amaltheia nursing infant Zeus, around are the
Kuretes beating their shields, and at her feet recumbent River-gods.
For a detailed account of the history, religion, and municipal constitu-
tion of Laodiceia see Ramsay, C. & B., p. 32 ff.; and for illustrations,
B. M. C., Phr., Pls. XXXIV-XXXVIII.


Alliance coins in time of Nero with Smyrna; Hadrian with Hiera-
polis; M. Aurelius with Smyrna, Ephesus, Pergamum, and Adra-
myteum (?) (Mion. iv. 749 after Vaillant); Commodus with Ephesus and
Nicomedia; Caracalla with Ephesus, Smyrna, and Pergamum; Philip
Jun. with Ephesus and Smyrna. Alliance coins with Laodiceia were
also issued at Hierapolis, Smyrna, Perinthus (?) (Mion. iv. 752), Antiocheia
ad Maeandrum (?) (after Vaillant), also at Tripolis and at Heracleia
Salbace (Invent. Wadd., 2424).


Leonna or Leonnaea is conjecturally placed by Ramsay (C. & B., i. 597)
at Hissar, five miles north of Sebaste in the plain of the Sindrus (?) (the
Banaz-Ova) west of the Burgas Dagh. The only known coin is of the
second century B.C. and is figured by Imhoof (Kl. M., Pl. IX. 7). Obv.
Turreted female head. Rev. ΛΕΟΝΝΑΙΤΩΝ, Lion seated on spear-head
holding broken shaft of spear in raised l. fore-paw. The seated lion
occurs on contemporary coins of Peltae.


Lysias, according to Ramsay (C. & B., 754) and Anderson (J. H. S.,
xviii. 107 ff.), probably founded by a general of Seleucus or Antiochus
the Great and named after himself, lay on the great trade-route from
Apameia north-east to the Paroreios, in the plain called Oinan-Ova
some five miles west of the head of L. Limnae (Hoiran Göl). The
known coins seem to have been struck on two occasions only, once by
Flavius Attalus (M. Aurelius and Commodus) and once again under
Gordian with contemporary quasi-autonomous issues. Inscr., ΛΥC Ι Α-
ΔЄΩΝ. Magistrate—επι Φλα. ‘Ατταλου. Types—Heads of ΒΟΥΛΗ,
ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ, and ΔΗΜΟC. Reverses, Dionysos standing; Hekate tri-
formis; Demos standing; Kybele seated; Tyche; Emperor on horse-
back (B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XXXVIII).
Metropolis. There were two cities of this name in Phrygia and one
in Ionia, and it is difficult to distinguish between their coins. To the
northern Metropolis in the Caÿster valley east of Prymnessus no coins
can be certainly attributed, and the only ones that clearly belong to
the southern Metropolis in the Chal Ova on the great eastern highway
from Apameia to Phrygia Paroreios, are of the time of Philip and Trajan
Decius, Etruscilla, Heren. Etruscus, and Hostilian. Quasi-autonomous
and Imperial. Inscr., ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ ΦΡΥ. or ΦΡΥΓ. Magistrate,
ΠΑΡ. ΑΛЄΞ. ΤΙЄΙΟΥ ΑΡΧ. ΠΡΩ. This Alexander Tieiou, First Archon,
is mentioned in an inscription as a leading citizen of the town about A. D.
250 (Ramsay, C. & B., 758). The formula with παρα instead of επι occurs

681

also at Apameia, and partly on this account Ramsay (C. & B., 749, note)
assigns Metropolis to the conventus of Apameia. Chief types—Helmeted
bust of hero ΑΚΑΜΑC, son of Theseus, probably the traditional Founder
(see also Synnada); also busts of ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ, or Emperor. Reverses,
Mên standing; Cultus effigy of Artemis Ephesia, but without her stags;
Tyche; Corn sheaf with five ears; Asklepios; Dionysos; &c. (B. M. C.,
Phr., Pl. XXXIX).


Alliance coin with Sardes (Commodus) (Hirsch, Auct. Cat., xiii. 4145).
Midaëum, in the extreme north of Phrygia on the river Tembris or
Tembros, takes its name from King Midas. Eckhel, D. N., iii. 168,
mentions a coin of Gordian with a head of Midas and inscription ΤΟΝ
ΚΤΙCΤΗΝ. It was situated about eighteen miles east of Dorylaëum on
the road to Pessinus in Galatia. Imperial coins, Augustus to Philip.
Inscr., ΜΙΔΑΕΩΝ, accompanied sometimes by Magistrates’ names with
επι and title ΠΡ. ΑΡΧ. (First Archon). Chief types—Pan standing;
Asklepios; Hygieia; River god, ΤΕΜΒΡΙC or ΤΕΜΒΡΟC; Hades seated
with Kerberos; Demeter standing; Zeus draped standing with eagle at
his feet; Dionysos standing; ΤΥΧΗ ΜΙΔΑΕΩΝ, City Tyche seated
between two Erotes; Kybele seated. On a coin of Diadumenian in the
British Museum the inscription is curiously written ΜΙΔΑΕΩΝ. Β,
which has not been explained, but which I suggest may be intended as
a mark of Value, Α Β standing for 2 Assaria; see B. M. C., Phr., p. 337,
note 1.
Nacoleia, now the desolate village of Sidi-el-Ghazi, was in Roman
times a flourishing town situated on the river Parthenius, an affluent of
the upper Sangarius, some forty miles south of Dorylaëum. It was once
surrounded by splendid forests, but the country is now bare and arid.
Its coins range from Titus to Gordian. Inscr., ΝΑΚΟΛЄΩΝ. Magis-
trate, T. Aquillius Proculus, Procos., A. D. 103-104. Sir W. M. Ramsay
acquired at Nacoleia a specimen reading ЄΠΙ ΑΚVΛΛΙ ΠΡΟΚΛΟV (Wadd.,
Fastes, 171). Types—Zeus seated; Demeter (?) enthroned; Herakles
standing, with inscription ΤΟΝ ΚΤΙCCΤΗΝ (sic), B. M.; Winged caduceus;
Asklepios; Eagle; City-Tyche seated; River ΠΑΡΘЄΝΙΟC; &c. (B. M. C.,
Phr., Pl. XXXIX).
Ococleia. This city is conjecturally placed by Ramsay close to Metro-
polis in the Chal-Ova, and Imhoof (Kl. M., 280) notes that the obv. die of
one of its coins is identical with that of a coin of the neighbouring
Lysias. It struck quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins, Commodus
and Gordian. Inscr., ΟΚΟΚΛΙЄΩΝ. Magistrate, ЄΠΙ ΚΛ. ΚΑΛΩ-
ΒΡΟΤΟΥ, obv. ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC. The same magistrate is entitled
Asiarch on a coin of Crispina belonging to Sir W. M. Ramsay. Types—
Zeus seated; Kybele-Demeter standing; Kybele seated; Tyche.
Alliance coin with Bruzus, under Commodus. Type—Kybele-Demeter
and Zeus Laodikeus face to face (Num. Chron., 1892, Pl. XVI. 18 (Weber)).
See B. M. C., Phr., Introd. p. lxxxv and Pl. XL.


Otrus was one of the five cities of the Eucarpitic plain in central
Phrygia. It seems to have been situated midway between Eucarpeia
and Hieropolis. Quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins with heads of

682

Faustina I (Z. f. N., xii. 346), Commodus, Domna, Caracalla, Geta, and
ΔΗΜΟC. Inscr., ΟΤΡΟΗΝΩΝ. Magistrate, Archon with επι, and with
addition, in one instance, of ΥΙΟΥ ΑCΙΑΡΧ. Also Asiarch in nominative
case, under Caracalla, with ανεθηκε. Types—Athena standing; Zeus
draped, with phiale and sceptre, eagle at feet; Demeter standing;
Asklepios, &c.; Kybele enthroned; Goddess holding phiale over flaming
altar; Otreus (?) stepping into galley [1]; Aeneas carrying Anchises and
leading Ascanius,—symbolizing, as Ramsay (C. & B., 688) suggests, an
emigration from Otroea on L. Ascania in Bithynia, a place which is
said to have been founded by the Phrygian king Otreus (Strab. xii. 566).
For illustrations see B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XL.
Palaeobeudos, or Beudos Vetus, seems to have been situated near the
north end of the Synnadic plain, some eight miles north of Synnada.
It appears to have struck coins only under Hadrian. Inscr., ΠΑΛΑΙΟ-
ΒЄΥΔΗΝΩΝ. No names of magistrates. Types—Apollo naked, with
lyre and laurel-branch; Mên standing; Demeter standing. B. M. C., Phr.,
Pl. XL.
Peltae a Macedonian colony occupying the plain between Lounda
and Eumeneia, is one of the cities in Phrygia which coined money in the
second century, though probably not earlier than 133 B.C. Obv. Bust of
hero in crested helmet with cheek-piece, rev. ΠΕΛΤΗΝΩΝ, Lion seated;
obv. Head of Zeus, rev. Winged fulmen; obv. Head of bearded Herakles
laur., rev. Club with lion-skin over handle.
These pieces bear magistrates’ names in monogram or in abbreviated
form. After a long interval Peltae began again to strike coins, quasi-
autonomous and Imperial, Ant. Pius to Volusian. Inscr., ΠЄΛΤΗΝΩΝ
or ΠЄΛΤΗΝΩΝ ΜΑΚЄΔΟΝΩΝ. Magistrate, Archon or First Archon,
Strategos or (on coin of Volusian) Grammateus (Invent. Wadd., 6392)
with or without επι. Types—Heads of Herakles; Dionysos; Helios;
Athena; Asklepios; City; &c.; ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC; ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ;
ΔΗΜΟC; and Emperors. Among the reverse types the following may
be mentioned: Hermes standing, holding the infant Dionysos (Imhoof,
Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., Pl. VII. 1); Apollo standing; Athena Nike-
phoros; Kybele to front; Temple of Artemis Ephesia; Artemis huntress;
Herakles strangling lion; Asklepios; Hygieia; River ΜΑΙΑΝΔΡΟC;
Emperor on horse; Stag; Bucranium supporting crescent containing
two stars (cf. coins of Eucarpeia and Hieropolis); Tyche; Nike; &c.
B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XLI.


Philomelium (Ak-Sheher), in the plain of Phrygia Paroreios, separated
from central Phrygia by the lofty range of the Sultan Dagh, was probably
a Pergamenian outpost on the high road to Iconium. A stream called
the Gallus (?) flowed through the town northwards towards the Lake of
the Forty Martyrs, some eight miles north. Philomelium struck auto-
nomous coins [2] in the second century B.C., or perhaps rather later.
Inscr., ΦΙΛΟΜΗΛΕΩΝ, obv. Bust of Mên with crescent at shoulders,
rev. Zeus enthroned. The obv. of these coins bears a striking resemblance
to that of some coins of Antioch, η προς τη Πισιδια (Strab. 577), about


1 Cf. similar type at Stectorium.
2 The dated Alexandrine tetradrachms assigned by Müller (1178-1195) to Philomelium
are attributed by Imhoof (Kl. M., 308), with greater probability, to Phaselis.

683

fifteen miles west of Philomelium, but cut off from easy communication
with it by the long range of the Sultan Dagh. The influence of the
great sanctuary of Mên ‘Ακραιος or ‘Ασκαηνος at Antioch would seem
therefore to have extended across the mountains. These coins bear
magistrates’ names abbreviated. Somewhat later, perhaps, are coins,
obv. Bust of Nike, rev. Two cornuacopiae crossed, with crescent containing
star, and fulmen between them. Imhoof (Kl. M, 285) suggests that
these may have been copied from denarii of L. Valerius Flaccus (ob.
B.C. 86). After a long interval the coinage begins again under Tiberius (?)
and extends down to the reign of Trajan Decius. Quasi-autonomous
and Imperial, Heads of ΔΗΜΟC and Emperors. Inscr., ΦΙΛΟΜΗ-
ΛЄΩΝ. Magistrates, ΤΙΤΟΣ ΦΙΛΟΠΑΤΡΙΣ under Tiberius; also
ΒΡΟΚΧΟΙ, Two colleagues of a family bearing the cognomen Brocchus
(Claudius and Nero Caesar). Subsequently the names are in genitive
with επι, and in the time of Caracalla with title Strategos. Under
Sev. Alex., Philip, and Trajan Decius coins were issued with the addition
of the Latin letters S. P. Q. R. These coins differ in fabric and size
from the rest, and the Latin letters perhaps indicate that coins of this
large size were the only ones recognized by the Roman government as
legal tender in exchange for the Sestertius of about the same size as
issued at Rome. Chief types—Zeus seated; Dionysos standing; River-
god ΓΑΛΛΟC; Athena Nikephoros with serpent before her; Circular
shrine containing statue of goddess; Emperor on galloping horse;
Hexastyle temple containing serpent, in ex. ΑCΚΛΗΠΙΟC (Z. f. N.,
xvii. 22). B. M. C., Phr., Pls. XLI, XLII.
Prymnessus (Seulun, near Afium Kara-Hissar) was situated on
a small affluent of the Caÿster, some fifteen miles north of Synnada on
the road from that city to Docimeium. The position of the town, at a
point where much frequented trade-routes from south to north and from
east to west met and crossed one another, must have made Prymnessus
a commercial rather than a religious centre of activity, and its prevailing
coin-type, Dikaiosyne with her pair of scales (the Roman Aequitas), is
especially appropriate to an exchange-mart such as this city must have
been in Roman times.
Its earliest coins are autonomous of the first century B.C. Obv.
Turreted head of City, rev. ΠΡΥΜΝΗΣΣΕΩΝ, Hermes standing, with
much abbreviated magistrates’ names. Its subsequent issues are quasi-
autonomous and Imperial, Augustus to Gallienus. Inscr., ΠΡΥΜ-
ΝΗCCЄΩΝ or ΠΡΥΜΝΗΣΣΕΙΣ. Magistrates’ names, at first usually in
nominative case, accompanied sometimes by title, e. g. under Tiberius,
‘Αρτας Φιλοπατρις, and ‘Ιουκουνδα ιερηα, probably husband and wife, Priest
and Priestess. From Nero onwards the names are in genitive with επι
and, occasionally, titles, ‘Ιερευς, Archon, Hippikos. Chief types—ΜΙΔΑC
or ΒΑCΙΛЄΥC ΜΙΔΑC, Bearded head of King Midas in Phrygian cap;
ΘЄΟΝ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟΝ; ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC; ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ; ΒΟΥΛΗ;
ΔΗΜΟC; Busts of Mên or Sarapis. Reverse types—River-god (Kays-
tros (?) ); Scales; Dikaiosyne with scales, standing or seated, sometimes
in temple, or on throne supported by two figures of Nike flying, and
with two Erotes riding on Hippocamps in ex. (B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XLIII. 2);
Zeus Καρποδοτης (?) (Ramsay, Athenische Mittheilungen, vii. 35) seated;
Kybele seated, or standing; Asklepios; Hygieia; Isis; Tyche; &c.

684

Sanaüs is placed by Ramsay (C. & B., i. 230) at the foot of the hills
overlooking the northern coast of the salt lake Anava, on the eastern
highway between Apameia and Laodiceia. The only coin at present
known of this town belongs to the second or first century B.C. Obv.
Head of Apollo, rev. ΣΑΝΑΗΝΩΝ, Tripod between laurel boughs.
Magistrates, ΑΠΟΛ or ΠΡΟ (Imh., Kl. M., 286, and Zur gr. u. röm.
Münzk., p. 165). It would seem that the territory of Sanaüs was sub-
sequently absorbed into that of Apameia.


Sebaste (Sivasli) was the most important city on the road from
Eumeneia northwards to Acmoneia, which skirted the great plain now
called the Banaz Ova, running beneath the foot-hills of the Burgas Dagh
range of mountains. Sivasli is still a rich village full of ancient remains,
among which is an inscription recording the formation of a Γερουσια. The
plain north of Sivasli is still well-wooded, and is bounded on the west
by the river Banaz Chai, the ancient Senarus, or rather CΙΝΔΡΟC as
it is spelt on a coin (B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XLIII. 4). Coins, quasi-auto-
nomous and Imperial, were occasionally issued from Augustus to Gordian
or later. Inscr., ΣΕΒΑΣΤΗΝΩΝ. Magistrates in nominative case till
time of Severus; later in genitive with επι and title Archon. Chief
types—Heads of Dionysos; Mên; Young Herakles; ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC;
ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ; ΔΗΜΟC. Reverse types—Zeus seated; Kybele seated;
Perseus slaying Gorgon, Athena behind him; Mên standing; Dionysos
in panther-car; Demeter standing; Bow in case and club; Hygieia;
Asklepios; Ganymedes standing holding syrinx and pedum, eagle
embracing him; River-god CΙΝΔΡΟC; Emperor (Caracalla (?)) on gal-
loping horse; &c.
Alliance coin with Temenothyrae struck at the latter place.


Sibidunda is identified by Anderson (J. H. S., xviii. 104) with Atli-
Hissar at the southern extremity of the plain of Synnada, at the point
where the road from Synnada to Metropolis enters the hilly country
which separates the Synnadic and Metropolitan plains. Imperial coins,
M. Aurelius Caesar to Gordian. Inscr., CΙΒΙΔΟΥΝΔЄΩΝ. No names
of magistrates. Types—Zeus seated; Artemis running; Helen standing
between the Dioskuri, her head surmounted by crescent. This type
occurs also in Pisidia and Pamphylia (see B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XLIV;
Lycia, Pl. IX. 12, and Introd., p. lvii); Dionysos standing, or in biga of
panthers; Mên standing. The absence of magistrates’ names on the coins
of Sibidunda suggests a doubt as to whether this city was included in
the province of Asia.
Siblia. This town is placed by Ramsay (C. & B., i. 221 ff.) in the plain
of the upper Maeander halfway between Apameia and Eumeneia. The
coinage, quasi-autonomous and Imperial, extends from Augustus to
Geta. Inscr., ΣΙΒΛΙΑΝΩΝ and later CЄΙΒΛΙΑΝΩΝ. Magistrates’
names at first in nominative case, and later in genitive with παρα, e. g.
under Caracalla and Geta ΠΑΡΑ ΜΗΝΟΔΟΤΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΑΙΛΙΑΝΗC,[1]
probably a Priest and Priestess. Chief types—Busts of Mên; ΔΗΜΟC;
CЄΙΒΛΙΑ turreted. Reverses—Herakles standing; Herakles strangling


1 Imhoof, Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 168, reads ΜΑΙΑΝΗC.

685

lion; Dionysos standing; Hermes standing; Athena standing; Zeus
standing; &c. (B. M. C., Phr., Pl. XLIV, and Imhoof, Zur gr. u. röm.
Münzk., Pl. VII. 3.)
Siocharax. A town in the hilly country of the Moxeani, in a narrow
valley where two roads met, the northern road from Eumeneia to
Cotiaëum, and the eastern route through the Caÿster valley (Ramsay,
C. & B., i. 632 ff.; Anderson, J. H. S., xvii. 421). The only coin at
present known belongs to the time of Geta Caesar, and reads ЄΠΙ
ΦΙΛΙCΚΟΥΛΙΔΟΥ ΑΡΧ. CΙΟΧΑΡΑΚЄΙΤΩΝ ΜΟΨЄΑ. Type—Tyche.
See B. M. C., Phr., p. 382, and Pl. XLIV. 9.
Stectorium, the southernmost city of the Phrygian Pentapolis, stood
on the left of the road which runs along the valley from Apameia to
Hieropolis and Eucarpeia (Ramsay, C. & B., i. 689 ff.). A single autonomous coin is known (Fox, Gr. Coins, ii. Pl. VIII. 153), obv. Bearded
head, rev. Bow and quiver., Inscr., [Σ]ΤΕΚΤΟΡΗΝΩΝ, which seems

to belong to the first century B.C. (Imhoof, Kl. M., 290). The sub-
sequent issues, quasi-autonomous and Imperial, range from the time
of M. Aurelius to Philip. Inscr., CΤЄΚΤΟΡΗΝΩΝ. Magistrates,
with οιτησαμενου (M. Aurelius and Faustina Jun.), later with επι,
and, in Philip’s time, with addition of ‘Ασιαρχου και της πατριδος. Chief
types—Heads of Herakles; Sarapis; ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ; ΒΟΥΛΗ; and
ΔΗΜΟC. Reverses—Dionysos standing; Asklepios; Hygieia; Crescent
on bucranium, containing two stars; Zeus seated; Athena standing;
Rider-god with double axe; Hero, Mygdon (?) [1] armed, or stepping into
galley, cf. analogous type at Otrus, where the hero is perhaps Otreus
(Imh., Kl. M., 290); Mygdon(?) in biga of galloping horses (Invent.
Wadd., Pl. XVIII. 11). Otreus and Mygdon are mentioned by Homer
(Il. iii. 186) as joint rulers in Phrygia.
Synaüs. This town was situated near the sources of the river
Macestus, and close to Ancyra, in the district called Abbaïtis in Western
Phrygia. It struck occasionally quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins,
Nero to Philip. Inscr., CΥΝΑЄΙΤΩΝ. Magistrates, ЄΠΙ ΜΑΡ-
ΚЄΛΛΟΥ ΤΟ Γ (the third year of the Proconsulship of T. Clodius Eprius
Marcellus, A. D. 70-73). Local magistrate, Archon, who sometimes
ranks as an Asiarch or son of an Asiarch, e.g. ЄΠ. ΙΟΥ. ΧΑΡΙΔΗΜΟΥ
ΑΥΡ. ΥΟΥ ΑCΙ. ΑΡΧ. Α. ΤΟ. Β. on a coin of Philip (B. M. C., Phr.,
p. 391). Chief types—ΘЄΑΝ ΡΩΜΗΝ; ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC; ΔΗΜΟC;
Naked Apollo shooting with bow; Dionysos standing; Two Nemeses;
Zeus Laodikeus; Artemis Ephesia; Rider-god with double axe; &c.
Synnada. This city stood in a plain and was of considerable
importance as a station on the road from Apameia to the north and east.
Cicero (Ad Att., v. 16. 2), on his way to Cilicia, stayed three days at
Laodiceia, three at Apameia, and three at Synnada. Its earliest coins
are Cistophori, after B.C. 133 (Num. Chron., 1883, p. 187; Rev. Num.,
1892, Pl. III. 6). The adjunct symbols are, on one, an Amphora, and, on


1 The tomb of Mygdon in the territory of Stectorium is mentioned by Paus. (x. 27. 1).
See, however, with regard to these types, Regling, in Klio, viii, pp. 489-92, who identifies
the hero as Hektor.

686

the other, an Owl on an amphora. The bronze coins of the same period
have on obv. Turreted head of Kybele or City, rev. Zeus standing draped
holding fulmen and resting on sceptre. Magistrate’s name in genitive
case (B. M. C., Phr., p. xcviii). The following is also pre-Imperial :—
Obv. Head of Zeus with sceptre behind, rev. Poppy and ear of corn
between caps of Dioskuri (Imh., Kl. M., 292). The subsequent issues.
quasi-autonomous and Imperial, range from Augustus to Gallienus.
Inscr., ΣΥΝΝΑΔΕΩΝ, CVΝΝΑΔЄΩΝ, CVΝΝΑΔЄΩΝ ΔΩΡΙЄΩΝ
ΙΩΝΩΝ, CΥΝΝΑΔЄΩΝ ΙΩΝΩΝ, CΥΝΝΑΔΙC, CΥΝΝΑΔЄΙC, &c.
Magistrates’ names at first generally in nominative case; after Claudius
usually in genitive with επι. Titles—Archiereus (Claudius); Philo-
kaisar (Claudius, Nero); Hiereus (Faustina); Hiereia (Lucilla) (B. M. C.,
Phr., p. xcix); Prytanis and Logistes (Ant. Pius, M. Aurelius, &c.);
Archon, Agonothetes, and Hippikos, in dative case (= Latin ablative)
(Gordian and Trajan Decius); and Archon, in genitive with επι (Gal-
lienus). A coin of Ant. Pius has on the obv. the word ΑΠΟΚΑΤЄ[στησεν],
probably equivalent to the Latin ‘restituit’ or ‘renovavit’ (Imh., Kl. M.,
294). Chief types—Heads of ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC; ΙЄΡΑΝ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟΝ;
ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ; ΒΟΥΛΗ; ΘЄΑ ΡΩΜΗ; ΖΕΥC ΠΑΝΔΗΜΟC; ΑΚΑΜΑC,
helmeted head of hero, son of Theseus, probably as Founder; ΘΥΝΝΑ-
ΡΟC, a local hero, bearded; also heads or busts of Athena; Kybele or
City; Sarapis; &c. The reverse types are also numerous, ΖЄΥC ΠΑΝ-
ΔΗΜΟC seated holding Nike or eagle; ΔΙΑ ΠΑΝΔΗΜΟΝ (Imh.,
Kl. M., 294); ΔΗΜΟC ΡΩΜΑΙΩΝ standing; Athena ΠΟΛΙΑC standing;
Standing figure of Demeter; Artemis Ephesia; Herakles; Amaltheia
turreted, carrying infant Zeus and with goat at her feet; Akamas or
Lakedaemon helmeted, in short chiton and holding Palladium (cf.
Sagalassus Pisid., B. M. C., Lyc., cvi and 241 ff.); Asklepios; Hygieia;
Nemesis; Mên; Tyche; Isis; Temple of Dionysos (?); Modius or Cippus
in temple, flanked by palms; Cippus in arena with Bestiarii around
fighting with beasts, or gladiators in combat; Palladium; Emperor in
quadriga crowned by Nike. An interesting type on late Imperial coins
is a mountain, which is probably Mount Persis at the neighboring
Docimeium, which contained the famous quarries of the precious marble
known as Synnadic, because it was through Synnada that it was
conveyed and exported to Ephesus and over sea to Italy. Games—
ΑΔΡΙΑΝΙΑ ΠΑΝΑΘΗΝΑΙΑ Agonistic crown (Mion., iv. 983).
Alliance coin with Hierapolis (Verus), rev. Zeus (Pandemos (?) ) seated
before the Apollo Kitharistes of Hierapolis standing. For illustrations
and lists of magistrates’ names see B. M. C., Phr., p. xcvii ff. and
Pl. XLVI.


Temenothyrae Flaviopolis (Ushak), originally, no doubt, a station on
the old Royal Road from Smyrna to the East, was situated near the
sources of the Hippurius (?) in the highlands to the north of the great
plain (Banaz Ova). Its name, Flaviopolis, indicates that, as a πολις, it
dates from the time of the Flavian Emperors (Imh., Festschrift für
O. Benndorf, p. 207). The coinage, quasi-autonomous and Imperial,
ranges from the time of Hadrian to that of Saloninus, and is plentiful.
It is remarkable that, with a very few exceptions, the coinage of
Temenothyrae consists of dedicatory issues, as is evident from the fact
that the Magistrates’ names are almost always in the nominative case with

687

the ethnic in the dative, ΤΗΜЄΝΟΘΥΡЄΥCΙ, ΑΝЄΘΗΚЄ being expressed
or understood. Coins reading ΤΗΜЄΝΟΘΥΡЄΩΝ are quite exceptional.
The titles of the magistrates are Asiarch, under Commodus, and, from
S. Severus onwards, First Archon. One of these under the Philips and
another under Valerian add the title Archiereus. The chief obverse types
are Heads of ΤΗΜЄΝΟC ΟΙΚΙCΤΗC or ΚΤΙCΤΗC; ΘЄΑ ΡΩΜΗ; ΦΛΑ-
ΒΙΟΠΟΛΙC; ΔΗΜΟC ΦΛΑΒΙΟΠΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ; ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC;
ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ; ΔΗΜΟC; Herakles; Mên; Artemis; &c. Reverses—
Standing figure of Dionysos; Artemis; Demeter; Hermes; Athena;
Zeus Laodikeus; Zeus Sarapis; Herakles before the tree of the
Hesperides entwined by serpent, the three Hesperides behind the tree;
Herakles captured by Eros, who pulls him along by a rope attached to
his leg before a column surmounted by a statue [1]; Herakles contending
with River-god; Apollo standing at rest between snake-encircled tripod
and lyre, beneath tree; Asklepios and Hygieia; Seated figures of Athena
Nikephoros; Zeus aëtophoros; City (?) standing before seated Zeus
Nikephoros; Hephaestos forging shield of Achilles; also Rider-god with
double-axe; Mên in biga of bulls; Artemis in biga of stags; Lion
walking; Altar; Valerian and Gallienus sacrificing, Nike between them
bestowing a crown on each.
Alliance coins with Sebaste (Valerian and Gallienus). The two city
goddesses with hands joined beneath statuette of Mên. See also
Bageis for alliance coins with Temenothyrae struck there.


For illustrations and list of magistrates’ names see B. M. C., Phr.,
p. ci and Pls. XLVII, XLVIII.


Themisonium. This city was originally a Seleucid foundation in the
valley of the upper Indus and its affluent the Cazanes. It was a station
on the road from Laodiceia southwards to Cibyra, and was about mid-
way between the two. Its name is derived from Themison, the favourite
of Antiochus II, and its foundation dates probably from about B.C. 251-
246 (Ramsay, C. & B., i. 252 ff.). There are, however, no coins of Themi-
sonium known which can be assigned to pre-Imperial times. Its
coins, quasi-autonomous and Imperial, range from Severus to Philip.
Inscr., ΘЄΜΙCΩΝЄΩΝ. No magistrates’ names have hitherto been
noted. Types—Obverses, Heads of the god ΛΥΚ[ΛΒΑC (?)] CΩΖΩΝ
radiate; Sarapis; ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟΥΛΗ; ΔΗΜΟC; &c. Reverses, River-god
ΚΑΖΑΝΗC; Athena sacrificing; Asklepios and Hygieia; Dionysos
standing; Demeter veiled, to front, with torches in raised hands; Isis
standing; Herakles standing between Lykabas Sozon (?) beside his
horse, and Hermes; Athena Nikephoros; &c. Pausanias (x. 32) relates
that the Themisoneans set up statues of Herakles, Apollo, and Hermes
in a cavern near the town. B. M. C., Phr., p. civ and Pl. XLIX.
Tiberiopolis in the district Abbaïtis between Aezanis and Ancyra.
Quasi-autonomous from time of Tiberius (?). Inscr., ΔΙΔΥΜΟΙ—
CЄΒΑCΤΗ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC. Busts of Livia and the Senate face to face,
either as joint founders of a temple of the Augustan worship at Tiberiopolis or as divinized objects of worship side by side with the Emperor;
cf. the cultus, at Tiberiopolis, of the ομοβωμιοι Θεοι Σεβαστοι, probably


1 For another explanation of this type see Dieudonné in Rev. Num. 1907, p. 128.

688

Tiberius and Livia (Ramsay, Hist. Geogr., p. 147). Livia was by a decree
of the Senate appointed Priestess of the worship of Augustus after his
death, but she herself was not divinized until the reign of Claudius.
The date of this coin is therefore somewhat doubtful. The Imperial
coins range from Trajan to Gordian. Inscr., ΤΙΒЄΡΙΟΠΟΛΙΤΩΝ or
ΤΙΒЄΡΙΟΠΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ. Magistrates’ names in genitive with επι under
Hadrian and with title Archon in time of Gordian. Types—Obverses,
Busts of ΙЄΡΑ CVΝΚΛΗΤΟC; ΙЄΡΑ ΒΟVΛΗ; ΒΟVΛΗ; Sarapis; &c.
Reverses, Figures of ΓЄΡΟV[σια] and ΒΟVΛ[η]; Artemis Ephesia;
Artemis huntress; Stag; Zeus holding Eagle; Apollo holding branch,
resting on column, or on lyre; Asklepios; temples; &c. B. M. C., Phr.,
p. cv and Pl. XLIX.
Trajanopolis, a city of the Grimenothyreis, but not identical with
Grimenothyrae, from which it was about four miles distant, at the modern
village Charik-keui (Imhoof, Festschr. für O. Benndorf, p. 204 ff.).
Quasi-autonomous and Imperial coins, Trajan to Gordian. Inscr.,
ΤΡΑΙΑΝΟΠΟΛΙΤΩΝ. Types—Obverses, Heads of ΙЄΡΑ CΥΝΚΛΗΤΟC;
ΔΗΜΟC; Athena; &c. Reverses, Nike; Zeus Laodikeus; Athena;
Asklepios; Demeter-Tyche; Kybele; Artemis Ephesia; Rider-god with
double axe; &c. Magistrates’ names in nominative case with titles,
First Archon under Caracalla (Imhoof, Kl. M., 526), and Grammateus
and First Archon under Gordian. There are also dedicated coins,
though ανεθηκε is not expressed, under Caracalla with inscr. ΤΡΑΙΑΝΟ-
ΠΟΛΙΤΑΙC (Imhoof, op. cit., and B. M. C., Phr., p. cv and Pl. I).



DICTIONARY OF ROMAN| COINS|

Please add updates or make corrections to the NumisWiki text version as appropriate.Phrygia, a region of Asia Minor, adjoining to Caria, Lydia, Mysia, and Bithynia, "of all which (says Strabo) the boundaries so intermix as to be with difficulty distinguished."
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