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Arslan, M. "The Roman Coinage of Ancyra in Galatia" in Nomismata 1 (1997).
Arslan, M. The Coins of Galatian Kingdom and the Roman Coinage of Ancyra in Galatia. (Ankara, 2004).
Burnett, A., M. Amandry, et al. Roman Provincial Coinage. (London, 1992 - ).
Lindgren, H. & F. Kovacs. Ancient Bronze Coins of Asia Minor and the Levant. (San Mateo, 1985).
Lindgren, H. Lindgren III: Ancient Greek Bronze Coins. (Quarryville, 1993).
Mionnet, T. E. Description de Médailles antiques grecques et romaines, Vol. IV. (Paris, 1809).
Sear, D. Greek Coins and Their Values, Vol. 2: Asia and Africa. (London, 1979).
Sear, D. Greek Imperial Coins and Their Values. (London, 1982).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Denmark, The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum, Volume 7: Cyprus to India. (West Milford, NJ, 1982).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Deutschland, Sammlung Hans Von Aulock, Vol. 3: Pisidia, Lycaonia, Cilicia, Galatia, Cappadocia, Cyprus, [etc.]. (Berlin, 1964).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, France, Cabinet des Médailles, Bibliothéque Nationale, Vol. 3: Pamphylia, Pisidia, Lycaonia, Galatia. (Paris, 1994).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Österreich, Sammlung Leypold, Kleinasiatische Münzen der Kaiserzeit. Vol. II: Phrygia - Commagene. (Vienna, 2004).
Wroth, W. A Catalog of the Greek Coins in the British Museum, Galatia, Cappadocia, and Syria. (London, 1899).

(i). Regal Series.

In B.C. 64 Galatia was divided by Pompey among the principal
tetrarchs of the country, notably two who struck coins, Deiotarus I,
ruler of the Tolistobogii, and Brogitarus, ruler of the Trocmi. Cf.
Reinach, L'hist. par les monn., pp. 152 f.

Deiotarus I, circ. B.C. 64-40 (?).

Head of Nike. [BMC Galatia, p. xvii. and
p. 1.
ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΔΗΙΟΤΑΡΟΥ Eagle on
sword in sheath, between pilei of
Dioskuri. Æ 1

747

Brogitarus, circ. B.C. 58; ob. circ. B.C. 53 (?).

Head of Zeus in oak-wreath.

[BMC Galatia, p. xvii.]
ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΡΟΓΙΤΑΡΟΥ ΦΙΛΟΡΩΜΑΙΟΥ Eagle on fulmen; behind,
military standard. Date ‘6'.
AR Tetradrachm Paris.

Amyntas, B.C. 36-25. In his dominions were Lycaonia, Isauria,
Western Cilicia, and Pamphylia, where, at Side, his tetradrachms were
minted (cf. AR of Side). It is doubtful (see BMC Galatia, pp. xviii f.) whether
any of the gold coins attributed to this king are genuine.

Head of Athena.
ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΜΥΝΤΟΥ Nike advancing, holding sceptre (or sometimes sheathed sword) twined with
diadem. (On some specimens Nike
wears head-dress of elephant-skin)
AR Tetradrachm 248 grs.

Head of Herakles.
ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΜΥΝΤΟΥ Lion walking; sometimes with monogram of
Amyntas. Æ sizes 1-.9

Head of Zeus.
Id. [Imhoof, Kl. M., p. 498]. Æ .9

Head of Artemis.
ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΜΥΝΤΟΥ Stag standing. Æ .8

Bust of Hermes (struck at Cremna in
Pisidia).
ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΜΥΝΤΟΥ Caduceus.
Æ .6

(ii). Civic Series.

On the death of Amyntas in B.C. 25 Galatia with other districts was
formed into the Roman province ‘Galatia’ under the government of a
legatus Augusti pro praetore.

Koinon of Galatia. Imperial, Æ, struck at Ancyra from Nero to
Trajan (see also Babelon, Mélanges, I. p. 62, coin of the Governor
Afrinus, time of Claudius, without ΚΟΙΝΟΝ). Inscr., ΚΟΙΝΟΝ
ΓΑΛΑΤΙΑΣ or ΤΟ ΚΟΙΝΟΝ ΓΑΛΑΤΩΝ, and name of the governor
(legatus).

Types—Temple of Roma and Augustus at Ancyra; Zeus seated; Mên;
Galba as Mên (Hunter Cat., ii. p. 567; Imhoof, Kl. M., p. 495).

Ancyra (Angora), capital of the Tectosages and, afterwards, of the
Roman province of Galatia. Imperial, Galba to Salonina. Inscr.,
ΣΕΒΑΣΤΗΝΩΝ ΤΕΚΤΟΣΑΓΩΝ; Η ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΙC ΤΗC ΓΑΛΑΤΙΑC
ΑΝΚVΡΑ; ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΕΩC ΑΝΚVΡΑC; ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΕΩC ΑΝΚVΡΑΝΩΝ. ΒΝ = second neokory (under Valerian I); cf. Oesterr. Jahreshefte, vii, pp. 34 ff.
Types—Prize crown inscribed ΑΓΩΝ; Seated or standing figure of
a judge in the ΙΕΡΟΙC ΑΓΩΝ (N. C., 1903, p. 343; cf. Imhoof, Zur gr.
u. röm. Münzk., p. 228); Three athletes drawing lots (Fig. 329); Mên
(frequent); Amazon holding anchor (αγκυρα), bipennis and pelta (BMC Galatia, p. 9); Asklepios; Demeter; Dionysos; Satyr playing with panther
(N. C., 1903, p. 341); Aphrodite and Eros swimming (Vienna; B. M. C.,

748

FIG. 329.

p. xxi); Aphrodite standing (Imhoof, op. cit., p. 226); Triple-headed
Hekate (ib. p. 116); Helios in quadriga with torches (Hunter Cat., ii,
p. 569); Tyche of Ancyra holding temple or prize crown (Oesterr.
Jahreshefte, vii, p. 9); Temple of Roma and Augustus at Ancyra; obv.
Bust of ΑΝΤΙΝΟΟC ΘЄΟC, rev. ΙΟVΛΙΟC CΑΤΟΡΝΙΝΟC ΑΝΚVΡΑΝΟΙC
Mên standing holding anchor (Invent. Wadd., No. 6607); Tyche of
Ancyra and Homonoia (Imhoof, op. cit., p. 227).

Games—ΑCΚΛΗΠΕΙΑ CΩΤΗΡΕΙΑ; ΙCΟΠVΘΙΑ; ΠVΘΙΑ.

Germa (now Karadja Pasha ören, near Mas'ud Keui; J. H. S., 1899,
pp. 84 f.), a Roman colony, Colonia Julia Augusta Felix Germa.
Colonial coins, Domitian, Commodus, and later. Inscr., CO. GERMENORVM; COL. AVG. GERMENOR. Types—Eagle with wreath between
standards; Helios standing (Imhoof, Kl. M., p. 496); Female figure in
temple between standards (Invent. Wadd.); Wolf and Twins, &c.

Pessinus (near Bala-Hissar), the capital of the Tolistobogii; famous
for its priesthood of Kybele (Agdistis) and a temple which contained the
sacred stone (representing the goddess) removed to Rome in B.C. 204.
Second or first century B.C.

Bust of Kybele, turreted.
ΜΗΤΡΟΣ ΘΕΩΝ ΠΕΣΣΙΝΕΑΣ Lion
seated. Æ .95

Id.
ΜΗΤΡΟC ΘЄWΝ Lion seated. Æ .65

Heads of Kybele and Atys.
ΜΗΤΡΟΣ ΘΕΩΝ ΠΕΣΣΙΝΕΑΣ Lion
seated, with paw on tympanum. AE.
[Imhoof, Gr. M., p. 750, No. 748;
pl. 13, 7.]

Bust of Atys.
ΜΗΤΡΟΣ ΘΕΩΝ ΠΕΣΣΙΝΕΙΑΣ
Humped bull. Æ Paris. [Imhoof,
Gr. M., p. 752, No. 754.]

Imperial, Augustus to Geta. Inscr., ΠЄCCΙΝΟΥΝΤΙΩΝ; ΓΑΛ(ατων)
ΤΟΛΙC(τοβογιων) ΠЄCCΙΝΟΥΝΤΙΩΝ; CЄΒΑ(στηνων) ΤΟΛΙCΤΟΒΟ.
ΠЄCCΙΝΟΥΝΤΙ; some without town-name (Augustus, Tiberius).

Types—Kybele seated; Asklepios; Eros riding on lion; Harpokrates; River-god Sangarios; Daedalos and Ikaros (Imhoof, Gr. M.,
p. 754; also Brit. Mus.); obv. Head of ΘЄΑ ΙΛЄΑ (Kybele), rev.
ΠЄCCΙΝΟΥ(ντιων) Head of Atys (BMC Galatia, p. xxii n.).

Era, B.C. 25, year of formation of Province of Galatia (BMC Galatia, p. xxii).

749

Magistrate—Presbeutes (legatus), in gen. with επι, governor of the
Province of Galatia (cf. Imhoof, Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 229).

Tavium (Böyuk Nefez Keui), capital of the Trocmi, the principal tribe
of Eastern Galatia.
First century B.C.

Humped bull, running.
ΤΑΥΙΩΝ Amphora between pilei of
Dioskuri. Æ .85

Head of Zeus.

[Imhoof, op. cit., p. 230.]
ΤΑΥΙΩΝ Eagle on fulmen between
pilei of Dioskuri. Æ .95

Imperial, Vespasian to Caracalla. Inscr., ΣΕΒΑΣΤΗΝΩΝ ΤΡΟΚΜΩΝ; CЄ. ΤΡΟ. ΤΑΟVΙΑΝΩΝ; ΤΑΟVΙΑΝΩΝ.

Types—Zeus of Tavium enthroned (Strabo xii, p. 567 ο του Διος
κολοσσος χαλκους και τεμενος αυτου ασυλον at Tavium; cf. B. M. C.,
p. xxiii; Pl. V. 12); Humped bull; Standing figure crowning bull
(Invent. Wadd., No. 6700); Apollo standing beside column with his
lyre; River-god ΑΛVC (Halys) reclining beside galley; Carnyx (Gaulish
trumpet, Imhoof, l. c.).

Era, B.C. 25, date of formation of the Province of Galatia.