715

Cilicia With Cilicia Tracheia or Isauria
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Babelon, Invent. de la Coll. Waddington (1898), pp. 222-70.
Bloesch, H. "Hellenistic Coins of Aegeae" in ANSMN 27. (1982).
Burnett, A., M. Amandry, et al. Roman Provincial Coinage. (London, 1992 - ).
Forrer, L. Descriptive Catalogue of the Collection of Greek Coins formed by Sir Hermann Weber. (1922 - 1929).
Göktürk, M.T. "Small coins from Cilicia and surroundings" in MIMAA.
Hill, G.F. A Catalog of the Greek Coins in the British Museum, Greek Coins of Lycaonia, Isauria, and Cilicia. (London, 1900).
Hoover, O. Handbook of Syrian Coins, Royal and Civic Issues, Fourth to First Centuries BC. (Lancaster, PA, 2009).
Houghton, A., C. Lorber & O. Hoover. Seleucid Coins: A Comprehensive Catalog.. (Lancaster, 2002 - 2008).
Imhoof-Blumer, Kleinasiat. Münzen, ii. (1902), pp. 422-94.
Kubitschek, W. "Ninica Claudiopolis" in NZ 34 (1902).
Lederer, P. "Die Staterprägung der Stadt Nagidos" in ZfN 41.
Levante, E. "Coinage of Adana in Cilicia" in NC 1984.
Lindgren, H.C. and F.L. Kovacs. Ancient Bronze Coins of Asia Minor and the Levant. (1985).
Lindgren, H.C. Lindgren III: Ancient Greek Bronze Coins from the Lindgren Collection. (1993).
Moysey, R.A. "The Silver Stater Issues of Pharnabazos and Datames from the Mint of Tarsus in Cilicia" in ANSMN 31 (1986).
Nelson, B.R., ed. Numismatic Art of Persia. The Sunrise Collection, Part I: Ancient - 650 BC to AD 650. (Lancaster, PA, 2011).
Newell, E.T. "Myriandros, Alexandria Kat'isson" in AJN 53 (1919).
Price, M.J. The Coinage of in the Name of Alexander the Great and Philip Arrhidaeus. (London, 1991).
Prieur, M. & K. Prieur. The Syro-Phoenician Tetradrachms and their fractions from 57 BC to AD 258. (Lancaster, PA, 2000).
RPC Online - http://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/coins/
Sear, D. Greek Coins and Their Values, Vol. 2, Asia and Africa. (London, 1979).
Sear, D. Greek Imperial Coins and Their Values. (London, 1982).
Staffieri, G.M. “La monetazione di Diocaesarea in Cilicia” in Quaderni Ticinesi XIV (1985).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Denmark, The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum, Vol. 6: Phrygia to Cilicia. (West Milford, NJ, 1982).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Deutschland, Sammlung Hans Von Aulock. Vol. 3: Pisidia, Lycaonia, Cilicia, Galatia, Cappadocia.... (Berlin, 1964).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Deutschland: Pfälzer Privatsammlungen, Part 6: Isaurien und Kilikien. (Munich, 2001).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, France, Cabinet des Médailles, Bibliothéque Nationale, Vol. 2: Cilicia. (Paris, 1993).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Israel I, The Arnold Spaer Collection of Seleucid Coins. (London, 1998).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Switzerland I. Levante - Cilicia. (Zurich, 1986; suppl., 1993).
Winzer, A. Antike portraitmünzen der Perser und Greichen aus vor-hellenistischer Zeit (Zeitraum ca. 510-322 v. Chr.). Die frühesten Portraits lebender Menschen: Von Dareios I. bis Alexander III. (March-Hugstetten, 2005).
Ziegler, R. Kaiser, Heer und Städtisches Geld : Untersuchungen zur Münzprägung von Anazarbos und Anderer Ostkilikischer Städte. (Vienna, 1993).
Cilicia falls naturally into two parts, an eastern low-lying fertile plain, watered by the Pyramus and Sarus (Cilicia Campestris), and a western, mountainous land (Cilicia Tracheia, practically equivalent to the later Roman division of Isauria). In the present work this division is
ignored, and an alphabetical arrangement is adopted, the western boundary of the district towards Pamphylia being drawn at the river Melas, the eastern east of the Gulf of Issus, so as to include Alexandreia ad Issum and exclude Nicopolis and Germanicia Caesareia.


The coinage of Cilicia down to about the middle of the fifth century consisted of silver Aeginetic staters (c. 180 grs.) struck at uncertain mints. Somewhat later Celenderis, Mallus, Nagidus, Soli, and Tarsus, and still later Issus, began to strike silver money on the Persic standard (c. 170-160 grs.). These six towns were probably the only important Cilician mints
before the age of Alexander. Their money is partly municipal and partly satrapal, i. e. struck in the names or with the types of the Persian satraps, who made the Cilician ports the base of their operations against Cyprus and Egypt in the earlier part of the fourth century B.C.


The coin-legends, as might be expected in a country with a mixed population like Cilicia, are frequently bilingual, the Greek language prevailing in the western, and the Aramaic in the eastern half of the country. It is worthy of remark that a large number of the extant silver staters are countermarked with the figure of a bull standing, with the two Aramaic letters (יז) above its back (see infra, Issus). With the
expedition of Alexander, the satrapal coinage comes to an end, and is superseded by the new royal coinage of Alexander. This, followed by the money of the Seleucid kings, formed the chief currency of Cilicia down to the time when Pompey reorganized the country as a Roman province, B.C. 64. About this time begins a plentiful issue of autonomous bronze coins at all the principal towns, under Roman protection many of which are dated according to various local eras. But until A . D. 74 Cilicia Tracheia remained largely under the rule of local princes, and the quasi-autonomous coinage with magistrates’ initials or monograms lasted longer here than elsewhere in Asia Minor outside the province of Asia. The Imperial coins are very numerous; silver occurs exceptionally from Domitian to Caracalla at Aegeae, Mopsuestia, Seleuceia, Tarsus, and perhaps also at Elaeussa-Sebaste; for the weights see B. M. Catal. under these towns.


Adana on the Sarus. Under Antiochus IV of Syria (B.C. 175-164) bronze with inscr. ΑΝΤΙΟΧΕΩΝ ΤΩΝ ΠΡΟΣ ΤΩΙ ΣΑΡΩΙ. Types—


716

Head of Antiochus radiate; Zeus seated holding Nike; Veiled female head; Horse. Autonomous Æ from circ. B.C. 164. Inscription, ΑΔΑΝΕΩΝ and (usually abbreviated) magistrates’ names. Types—as before; also Heads
of Artemis, of Apollo, of Zeus, of City-goddess, of Hermes;
Eagle; Nike; &c. Quasi-autonomous and Imperial, Hadrian to Gallienus. Inscr., ΑΔΑΝΕΩΝ, with addition of complimentary titles ΑΔΡΙΑΝΩΝ, ΜΑΚΡЄΙΝΙΑΝΩΝ, ΑΔΡ. CЄV. ΑΝΤΩΝЄΙΝΟV ΠΟ(λεως), CЄV.
ΑΛЄΞΑΝΔΡΟ(υπολεως), ΜΑΞΙΜЄΙΝΙΑΝΩΝ, ΜΑΞΙΜΙΑΝΩΝ, in honor of various Emperors from Hadrian to Maximus. Types—Zeus;
Half-length of River-god Saros; Dionysos; Hermes before agonistic table ; Sarapis; Tyche with River-god Saros at feet; &c. Games—ΙЄΡ(α)
ΟΙΚ(ουμενικα) ΔΙΟ(νυσια).
Aegeae (Ayas), on the Gulf of Issus. Æ of Antiochus IV of Syria. Rev. ΑΙΓΕΑΙΩΝ. Bust of horse. Autonomous Æ from circ. B.C. 164.
Inscr., at first ΑΙΓΕΑΙΩΝ, then also ΤΗΣ ΙΕΡΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΑΥΤΟΝΟΜΟΥ (or ΚΑΙ ΑΣΥΛΟΥ). Types—Zeus; Athena; Herakles; Head of Perseus; Head of Alexander the Great (?); Turreted head of City; rev. Bust or Forepart of horse; Goat; Club; &c. Era, Caesarean (autumn B.C. 47).
Quasi-autonomous and Imperial, Augustus to Gallienus. Severus Alexander is called ΑΡΧ(ηγετης) ΝЄΟΙΚ(ου) ΑCΚΛΗ(πιειον) (Imhoof, Zur
gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 202). Inscr., ΑΙΓΕΑΙΩΝ, with complimentary titles ΑΔΡΙΑΝΩΝ. ΚΟΜΟΔΙΑΝΩΝ, CЄVΗΡΙΑΝΩΝ, ΑΛЄΞΑΝΔΡΟVΠΟΛΙC, ΜΑΚΡЄΙΝΟVΠΟ., ΜΑΚЄ(δονικης) ЄVΓЄΝ(ους) ΠΙCΤΗC ΘЄΟΦΙΛΟVC ΝЄΩΚΟΡΟV ΑΙΓΑΙΑC, ΝΑVΑΡΧΙΔΟC, &c. Magistrates names
in early period, abbreviated, and name of legate Q. Terent. Culleo (ΕΠΙ ΚΟVΛΕΩΝΟC) under Tiberius. Types—Athena; Dionysos; Tyche; Dioskuri; Perseus; Herakles; Asklepios, Hygieia and Telesphoros;
Amaltheia with infant Zeus; Fountain-nymph; Busts of Sarapis and Isis; Kadmos before Thebes; Figure of ΕΚΚΛΗ(σια) seated; Goat with torches on horns; Lighthouse and ships; Bridge over Pyramus (ΔΩΡΕΑ
ΠVΡΑΜΟC the bridge being the gift of the Emperor); Boot; &c. The recumbent goat is a frequent symbol. There are AR tetradrachms of Hadrian and a billon coin of Valerian. Games—ΙЄΡΟC ΟΙΚΟVΜЄΝΙΚΟC ΑCΚΛΗΠΙΟC
Alexandreia ad Issum (near Alexandretta, Iskanderun). Æ of Antiochus IV of Syria. Inscr., ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΕΩΝ. Types—King’s head on shield
; Zeus standing; Nike. Autonomous Æ from B.C. 164: Head of Alexander as young Herakles, rev. Zeus. Quasi-autonomous and Imperial from Trajan to Severus Alexander. Inscr., ΑΛЄΞΑΝΔΡЄΩΝ, usually with
ΚΑΤ ΙCCΟΝ, and with dates probably according to era of autumn B.C. 67/6. Types—Head of Alexander the Great(?); Athena; Dionysos;
Kybele on lion; Bust of City; Tyche.
Anazarbus (Anavarza), on the Pyramus, reckoned its era from autumn B.C. 19, in which year it received the title Caesareia. Autonomous Æ of first century B.C. Inscr., ΑΝΑΖΑΡΒΕΩΝ. Types—Head of
Zeus; Zeus seated; Tyche holding corn and cornucopia. Quasi-autonomous and Imperial, Claudius(?) to Gallienus. ΚΑΙΣΑΡΕΩΝ alone or with (ΤΩΝ) ΠΡΟΣ (ΤΩ) ΑΝΑΖΑΡΒΩ or VΠ ΑΝΑΖΑΡ. until Commodus; then ΑΝΑΖΑΡΒΕΩΝ or ΑΝΑΖΑΡΒΟV. Titles rivaling those


717

of Tarsus— ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟLЄΩC (ЄΘΝΟVC), ЄΝΔΟΞΟV, ΤΙΜΙΩ(τατης),
ΡΩΜ(αιων), ΤΡΟΠ(αιοφον), Κ. Є. Κ. (Κοινοβουλον ελευθερα Κιλικιας ?),
Α. Κ. Μ. (πρωτης, καλλιστης μεγιστης). For inscriptions ЄΛЄVΘЄΡΟΝ
ΚΟΙΝΟΒΟVΛΙΟΝ, Γ. Β. and Γ. Γ. (γραμματι Βουλης and Γερονσιας),
ΔΗΜΙΟVΡΓΙΛ ΑΝΤΩΝЄΙΝΟV, see Tarsus. Agonistic, ΑΝΤΩΝΙΝΙΑΝΑ ΠΡΩΤΑ ΤΗC ΟΙΚΟVΜЄΝΗC, ЄΠΙΝЄΙΚΙΑ, ΙЄΡΟC ΟΙΚΟVΜЄΝΙΚΟC, ΙЄΡΟC ΙCЄ(λαστικος), ΑΔΡΙΑΝΙΟC ΟΙΚΟVΜЄΝΙΚΟC,
ΔЄΚΙΟC ΟΙΚΟVΜЄΝΙΚΟC, ΟΛVΜΠΙΛ, CЄΒΑCΜΙΑ, ΓVΜΝΑCΙΑΡΧΙΑ (Gymnasiarch standing by oil-basin), CVΝΘVCΙΑ ΟΙΚΟVΜЄΝΗC. Coins dated ЄΤ. ΙЄΡΟV ΟΛVΜΠ. were issued A. D. 250/1.
Types (many copied from Tarsus)—Tyche seated, with two others standing, or holding statuettes of the three Eparchiae; Sarapis; River-god Pyramos (half-length or reclining figure); Bust of Zeus before acropolis of City; the Koinoboulion seated voting; Nike in biga; Bust of Artemis; Prize crowns (five or six); ΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ of M. Aurelius and Verus
.
Anemurium in Cetis, on the promontory nearest to Cyprus, was a mint of
Antiochus IV of Commagene (A. D. 38-72). Inscr., ΑΝЄΜΟΥΡΙЄΩΝ.
Types—Head of king; Artemis huntress in long chiton. Also coins with inscription ΚΙΗΤΩΝ. Types—Scorpion and crescent. Quasi-autonomous and
Imperial, Titus to Gallienus. Inscr., ΑΝЄΜΟΥΡΙЄΩΝ or ΑΝЄΜΟVΡЄΩΝ. Types—Perseus; Mummy-shaped figure of Artemis; Tyche in temple; Lion and crescent. Regnal dates of the Emperors.
Antiocheia ad Cragum, on the coast between Selinus and Anemurium
(N. Chr., 1895, p. 288). Imperial, Pius to Valerian. Inscr., ΑΝΤΙΟΧЄΩΝ ΤΗC ΠΑΡΑ or ΠΑΡΑΛΙΟV. Types—Eagle; Tyche in temple.
Antiocheia ad Cydnum. See Tarsus.
Antiocheia ad Sarum. See Adana.


Aphrodisias on the peninsula of Zephyrium. To this city is attributed
(Imhoof, Kl. M., ii. 435) an important series of coins of the Aeginetic standard
.

Circ. B.C. 520-485.




Beardless (usually female ?) winged figure
in kneeling-running attitude, holding
uncertain objects.

[BMC Lyconia, Pl. XV. 10-12.]
Conical baetyl in rude incuse square.
AR Staters 185 grs.



Circ. B.C. 485-425.




Female winged figure, in kneeling-running attitude, holding caduceus or staff
and wreath.

[BMC Lyconia, Pl. XVI. 1-7.]
Incuse square containing conical or pyramidal
baetyl, sometimes with handles
, between granulated patches, pair
of birds, or bunches of grapes;
on stone or in field, sometimes , Ι,
Γ, Ψ, &c. (ιερα στοιχεια ?).
AR Staters 180 grs.



In the time of Pharnabazus, coins on the Persic standard were perhaps issued
at the same mint:


718

Circ. B.C. 379-374.




Aphrodite, wearing polos, seated between two sphinxes, smelling flower.
[BMC Lyconia, Pl. XIX. 14.]
Athena Parthenos standing to front, holding
Nike who is about to crown her
, resting r. on olive-tree, l. on shield
. (Copy of the Parthenos of Pheidias
.). AR Staters 154 grs.

Gorgoneion.

[Imhoof-Blumer KM, Pl. XVI. 24.]
Sphinx seated AR Obol 10.8 grs.

Id. [Imhoof, l. c., Pl. XVI. 25.]
Head of Athena. AR Obol 12.2 grs.

Beardless head [Imhoof, M. G., p. 373
75] or Head of Hermes [Imhoof, Zur
gr. u. röm. Münzk., 1908, p. 204].
Aphrodite seated between sphinxes, smelling
flower and holding flower with
long stalk. AR Obol 8.8 grs.

Facing female head. [Ibid.]
Γ Sphinx. Æ size 3.5



If this attribution is correct, probably the colonial coin of Sept. Severus, reading
CO. IVL. AV..., with seated Aphrodite smelling a flower, belongs to
the same mint (Imhoof, M. G., p. 374. 77; Kl. M., p. 435).


Augusta, on the Pyramus or the Sarus, probably derived its name from
Livia Augusta. Imperial, Livia to Gallienus. Era, autumn A.D
. 20. Inscr., ΑVΓΟΥΣΤΑΝΩΝ. Types—Bust of young Dionysos;
Athena; Artemis; Tyche with river-god at feet; Tyche seated and standing
female figure; Athlete seated on table crowning himself; etc.
Carallia (Ueskeles Keui near Beysheher). Imperial, Μ. Aurelius to Gallienus
. Inscr., ΚΑΡΑΛΛΙΩΤΩΝ. Types—Athena fighting, serpent round
tree beside her (Imhoof, Kl. M., Pl. XVII. 13); Athena voting;
Aphrodite arranging her hair; Selene with torch; Tyche seated in temple;
&c. Marks of value Γ, Η, ΙΑ on later coins.
Casae (near Carallia). Imperial, Severus Alexander to Valerian. Inscr.,
ΚΑCΑΤΩΝ. Types—Athena; Herakles strangling lion, or holding apples;
Rape of Persephone; Hekate with two torches; etc.
Castabala. See Hieropolis.
Celenderis (Tchelindre), on the coast of Tracheia, said to have been founded
by Sandokos, father of Kinyras. The early coinage is on the Persic
standard.
circ. B.C. 450-400.




FIG. 319.


719




ΚΕΛ Nude horseman with whip, riding sideways
.
Goat kneeling, with symbols; incuse circle
. AR Staters 170 grs.

AR Tetrobols 55 grs.

Id. (sometimes letters).
ΚΕΛΕΝ Goat as above; incuse circle.
(Fig. 319). AR Staters 170 grs.

Id. [N. Chr., 1896, Pl. III. 4; Imhoof-Blumer KM., p. 453.]
ΚΕΛΕΝΔΕΡΙΤΙΚΟΝ Goat as above;
incuse square. AR Stater 161.4 grs.



To the same period belong obols and half-obols (often uninscribed)
with Goat (or forepart) kneeling; Gorgoneion; Head of Athena; Forepart of
Pegasos; Astragalos; Free horse; Head of bearded Herakles; &c.


Fourth century B.C. and later.




Nude horseman as above.
ΚΕΛΕΝ (or abbrev.). Goat kneeling as above
. AR Staters 170 grs.



Also obols and half-obols as before.


During the second and first centuries B.C. and under the early Empire Celenderis
issued Æ inscr. ΚΕ or ΚΕΛΕΝΔΕΡΙΤΩΝ, with magistrates' initials
. Types—Gorgoneion; Goat; Laureate head of hero; Turreted bust
of City; Apollo standing. Antiochus IV of Commagene (A. D. 38-72)
issued here coins with his head and the type of Apollo. Imperial, Domitian
to Trajan Decius. Inscr. ΚЄΛЄΝΔЄΡΙΤWΝ. Types—Athena;
Demeter in serpent-car; Poseidon; Infant Dionysos enthroned, three Korybantes
around him; &c.


Cennatis. See Diocaesareia, Lalassis, and Olba.


Cestrus, an inland town not far from Selinus. Imperial, Antoninus Pius
, Aelius, Faustina II. Inscr., ΚЄCΤΡΗΝWΝ. Types—Eagle; Crescent and
star; Tyche.
Cetis or Cietis. A large district, including Olba, part of the Calycadnus valley
, and the country south of it, and the districts of Cennatis, Lalassis, and
Lacanatis. For coins inscr. ΚΙΗΤΩΝ see Anemurium.
Cibyra Minor (on the coast, near the Pamphylian border). Autonomous Æ of second or first century B.C. Inscr., ΚΙΒΥΡΑΤΩΝ with dates
(?) ΔΚ or ΕΚ. Types—Zeus; Dioskuri; Hermes; Nike crowning trophy
. Imhoof, Gr. Münzk., p. 679.


Claudiopolis (Mut), in the Calycadnus valley. Imperial of Hadrian. Inscr
., ΚΛΑVΔΙΟΠΟΛΙΤW[Ν]. Type—Tyche. This coin is of the fabric
of the neighborhood, and cannot belong to Bithynium-Claudiopolis; but possibly it represents the non-colonial portion of a double community
, of which the colony Ninica Claudiopolis (q. v.) formed the other
portion.


Colybrassus, an inland city near the Pamphylian border, not far from Side
. Imperial, Aurelius to Saloninus. Inscr., ΚΟΛVΒΡΑCCЄWΝ.
Types—Zeus (sometimes in temple); Athena; Hephaestos forging shield;
Asklepios; Hygieia; Hermes; Gymnasiarch’s oil-basin in temple (ΓVΜΝΑCΙΑΡΧΙΑ); &c. Marks of value Γ, Є, and ΙΑ on later coins.720


Coracesium (Aláya). Imperial, Trajan to Saloninus. Inscr., ΚΟΡΑΚΗCΙΩΤΩΝ. Types—Zeus; Athena voting; Demeter drawn by serpents, or
standing; Apollo Sidetes; Helios in quadriga; Hermes; Goddess on horseback
. Mark of value ΙΑ on later coins.
Coropissus (a metropolis of Cetis, between Laranda and Claudiopolis).
Imperial, Hadrian to Valerian. Inscr., ΚΟΡΟΠΙCCЄΩΝ (or ΚΟΡΟΠЄΙCЄWΝ) with or without ΤΗC ΚΙΗΤWΝ (or ΚΗΤWΝ) ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟ.
Types—Perseus and Andromeda with slain κητος; Zeus; Athena; Apollo;
Nike; Tyche seated in temple; &c.
Corycus (Korgos, on the coast, south-west of Elaeussa; near it was the
Corycian cave, cf. Pind., Pyth., i. 31; Strab., xiv. 670; Plin., N. H., v. 92).
Autonomous Æ of first century B.C. with magistrates’ names abbreviated.
Inscr., ΚΩΡΥΚΙΩΤΩΝ. Types—Turreted head of City; Hermes standing;
Bust of Thalassa with crab-shell head-dress; Apollo with branch. Æ of
Antiochus IV of Commagene (A. D. 38-72). Type—Female figure seated
with phiale. Quasi-autonomous and Imperial, Trajan to Gallienus.
Inscr. as before, with ΑVΤΟΝΟΜΩΝ or ΑVΤΟΝΟΜΟV, sometimes
ΝΑVΑΡΧΙC. Types—Hermes; Aphlaston; Caduceus; Head (of Aphrodite?) with inscr. ΟΡΟΝ (unexplained); Poseidon; Artemis; Apollo;
Zeus; Okeanos reclining; Thalassa, with crab’s claws as head-dress,
holding aphlaston and oar; Aphrodite (?), with prow at feet, holding
aphlaston and sceptre; Dionysos standing before table with prize crown
(inscr. ΘЄΜΙΔος); &c.
Diocaesareia (metropolis of Cennatis, in the lower Calycadnus valley).
Quasi-autonomous and Imperial. Domitian to Philip. Inscr., ΔΙΟΚΑΙCΑΡЄΩΝ (or ΔΙΟΚЄCΑΡЄΩΝ) ΑΔΡΙΑΝΩΝ, later also ΜΗΤΡΟ.
ΚЄΝΝΑΤΙΔ[ΟC] or ΚЄΝΝΑΤΩΝ (ΚЄΝΑΤΩΝ). Types—Grapes;
Hermes; Bust of City; Eagle; Thunderbolt; Temple of Zeus with
thunderbolt; Thunderbolt on throne; Zeus hurling thunderbolt (inscr.
ΟΛΒΟC ‘prosperity’); Athena in quadriga hurling thunderbolt (cf. Seleuceia ad Calycadnum); Athena standing; Herakles seated on lion-skin; Tyche and seated City, river-god at their feet; Arched gateway
with statues. Eagle and thunderbolt are common countermarks.
Epiphaneia (near the head of the Gulf of Issus). Quasi-autonomous
and Imperial, Trajan to Gallienus. Inscr., ЄΠΙΦΛΝЄΩΝ, on earliest
coins also ΤΡΑΙΑΝΟΠΟ. Era, 68 B.C. Types—Athena; Demeter;
Apollo; Helios; Artemis; Dionysos (bust, figure standing or in car
drawn by panthers with satyr); Poseidon; Hades; Asklepios and
Hygieia; &c.
Flaviopolis (on the spurs of Mt. Taurus, above Anazarbus), named
after Vespasian, who organized the province in 74; era begins in autumn
of A.D. 73 or 74. Imperial, Domitian to Gallienus. Inscr., ΦΛΑΟVΙΟΠΟΛЄΜΩΝ (or ΦΛΑVΙ-). Types—Athena; Cultus-statue of Artemis
between stags browsing on trees; Sarapis; Busts of Isis and Sarapis
confronted; Bust of Kronos veiled; Herakles with apples; Helios;
Dioskuri (busts, or figures standing with crescent between them); Tyche
seated with river-god at feet; Genius seated to front sacrificing between
two vases.721


Germanicopolis (Ermenek) in Lalassis. Imperial of Hadrian. Inscr.,
ΑΔΡΙΑΝΗ ΓЄΡΜΑΝΙΚΟΠΟΛΙ... Types—Bust of Apollo; Zeus
standing.
Hieropolis-Castabala (Budrum on the Pyramus). Æ of Antiochus IV
(B.C. 175-164). Inscr., ΙΕΡΟΠΟΛΙΤΩΝ ΤΩΝ ΓΙΡΟΕ ΤΩΙ ΠΥΡΛΜΩΙ.
Type—Eagle. From thence to Imperial times, autonomous Æ. Inscr. as
before, sometimes also ΤΗΣ ΙΕΡΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΑΣΥΛΟΥ. Types—Turreted head
of City; Eagle; Goddess of Hieropolis (Artemis Perasia) enthroned, eagle
under seat; River-god Pyramos (half-figure) swimming, holding eagle.
The coins of Tarcondimotus I and Philopator (see p. 735) were issued
here. Quasi-autonomous and Imperial, Ant. Pius to Gallienus. Inscr.,
ΙЄΡΟΠΟΛΙΤΩΝ (or -ЄΙΤΩΝ), with or without ΤΩΝ ΠΡΟC ΤΩ ΠΥΡΑΜΩ, after Sept. Severus with ΚΑCΤΑΒΑΛЄΩΝ. Types—Bust of
heroised king, diademed; Bust of Hekate veiled, with torch; of Artemis;
of young Dionysos; Zeus; Bust or figure of Helios; Tyche seated in
temple, river-god at her feet; Prize-crown and torches (ΙЄΡΟC; Naked
youth running; Torch and caduceus; &c.; Marks of value (Valerian and
Gallienus) Δ, Ϛ.
Holmi, on the coast south of Seleuceia. The coinage (silver of the
Persic standard, of which the staters show a connexion with Side, q. v.)
ceased when Seleucus transferred the inhabitants to his foundation
Seleuceia.
Fourth century B.C.




Athena standing, holding Nike; before
her, dolphin. [Imhoof, G. M., p. 710,
562; Kl. M., Pl. XVII. 9.]
ΟΛΜΙΤΙΚΟΝ Apollo Sarpedonios
standing, with long laurel-branch
and phiale (as on staters of Side).
AR Stater 149 grs.

Head of Athena. [Imhoof, Zur gr. u.
röm. Münzk., 1908, p. 209.]
ΟΛΜ, ΟΛΜΙΤΙ, ΟΛΜΙΤΙΚΟΝ or ΟΛΜΙΤΟΝ Head of Apollo or of a
goddess. AR 12 grs. or less

Æ size .5



Iotape, on the coast north-west of Selinus. Imperial, Trajan to
Valerian. Inscr., ΙWΤΑΠЄΙΤWΝ. Types—Perseus with head of Medusa;
Apollo; Tyche; &c. Mark of value (Valerian) Η.


Irenopolis, the Eastern city, near Anazarbus, perhaps at Kars Bazar.
Quasi-autonomous and Imperial, Nero to Gallienus. Inscr., ΙΡΗΝΟΠΟΛΙΤΩΝ or ЄΙΡΗΝΟΠΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ. Era begins from autumn of
A. D. 51 or 52. Types—Bust of Kronos, veiled; Zeus; Athena; Herakles reclining; Dionysos in car of panthers, to front; Bust of young
Dionysos; Demeter in biga of oxen; Asklepios and Hygieia; Eirene-Nemesis; Nike crowning City-goddess; Tyche with river-god at feet;
Busts of Sarapis and Isis; Caduceus between two cornucopia. For
the Western Irenopolis see Lacanatis.
Isaura Nova, metropolis of Isauria proper, perhaps at Tris Maden
(Siristat). Quasi-autonomous and Imperial, Severus to Mamaea.
Inscr., ΙCΑΥΡΩΝ or ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛЄΩC ΙCΑΥΡΩΝ. Types—Head of


722


young Herakles in lion-skin; Youth armed with sword riding on lion;
Zeus; Athena seated or hurling thunderbolt, Artemis; Apollo and
Emperor joining hands; Tyche seated in fortified gateway or temple; &c.
Issus, at the head of the gulf of the same name. No coins can with
certainty be assigned to it before the fourth century.
Circ. B.C. 400-380. Persic standard.




ΙΣ[ΣΙ] or ΙΣΣΙ[ΚΟΝ ?] and traces of
Aramaic legend; Apollo with long
laurel-branch and phiale.
Herakles, beardless, holding club, bow,
and lion-skin; symbol, ankh. [Imhoof, Monn. gr., p. 355].
AR Stater 165 grs.

ΙΣ ? Baal standing, holding sceptre and
eagle.
Id. [Babelon, Perses Ach., No. 157,
Pl. III. 17]. AR Stater 160.5 grs.



Tiribazus, circ. B.C. 386-380.




ΙΣΣΙΚΟΝ and תריבזו (Teribazu) in
Aramaic. Baal standing, holding
sceptre and eagle.
Ahura-mazda as half-figure terminated
by winged solar disk, holding wreath
and flower; magistrate’s name ΑΜΙ.
AR Persic stater



Similar coins were issued by Tiribazus, while organizing the war
against Euagoras I, from Mallus, Soli, and Tarsus. Pharnabazus
(B.C. 379-374) also perhaps struck coins at or for Issus (with ankh of
peculiar form, see under Tarsus). Under Mazaeus (B.C. 361-333) or
later, staters with Baaltars seated, rev. City-walls, with lion slaying bull
above, or facing bust of Athena, were issued with the mint-marks of
the same four towns (see Tarsus). The Aramaic countermark iz with
a bull, common on coins of the south coast, is generally supposed to
indicate Issus.


Lacanatis, an inland district of Cetis. Æ of Antiochus IV of Commagene and his sons Epiphanes and Callinicus (A. D. 38-74). Inscr.,
ΛΑΚΑΝΑΤΩΝ. Types—Scorpion; Armenian tiara; Capricorn; the
two princes (ΒΑCΙΛЄΩC ΥΙΟΙ) on horseback; Anchor between crossed
cornucopia containing their heads. The mint was perhaps the western
Irenopolis (Irnebol).


Laerte, on the coast near the western border. Imperial, Trajan to
Saloninus. Inscr., ΛΑЄΡΤЄΙΤΩΝ. Types—Zeus seated or standing;
Apollo Sidetes; Athena (with olive-tree); Demeter; Ares; Dionysos;
Hermes; Nike in quadriga; Female figure seated, holding aplustre
and short sceptre; &c. Marks of value on later coins Γ, Η, ΙΑ.
Lalassis, a district of Tracheia, north of Lacanatis. The coins of
the Lalasseis, struck in common with the Cennatae, were probably all
issued from Olba, q. v.
Lamus, metropolis of Lamotis, inland from Antiocheia and Charadra
(B. C. H., 1899, p. 591), distinct from the town on the river Lamus.


723


Imperial, Severus to Valerian. Inscr., ΛΑΜΟΥ ΜΗΤΡΟΠ. ΛΑΜWΤΙΔΟC or ΤΗC ΛΑΜWΤΙΔΟC Types—Zeus in temple; Eagle on
altar; Apollo with bow and branch.


Lyrbe, near Side, on the western border. Imperial, M. Aurelius to
Saloninus. Inscr., ΛΥΡΒЄΙΤΩΝ. Types—Zeus; Apollo Sidetes;
Hades with Kerberos; Ares; Athena voting; Dionysos; Helios; Goddess
with spear; Hekate triformis; Nike and seated City-goddess. Mark of
value ΙΑ on later coins.
Mallus, one of the oldest cities in Cilicia, on the lower course of the
Cydnus, was according to one tradition founded by Mopsos and Amphilochos, the latter of whom had a famous oracle on the spot. The coinage (see especially Imhoof, Ann. de Num., 1883, pp. 89 f.; BMC Lyconia, &c., pp. cxvii f.; Imhoof-Blumer KM, ii, pp. 406 f.) begins towards
the end of the filth century B.C.
Circ. B.C. 425-385. Persic standard.




FIG. 320.





Beardless male winged figure, nude to
waist, in kneeling-running posture,
holding in both hands a disk with
star on it; sometimes Aramaic
inscription מרלו (mrlu).
ΜΑΡΛΟΤΑΝ, ΜΑΡΛΟ, ΜΑΛΡΟ (or
other abbreviation). Swan; in field,
various symbols, ankh, &c. Concave
field. (Fig. 320). AR Staters

Bearded figure (Kronos?), with four
wings or with two large wings at
shoulders and two small ones at ankles,
sometimes janiform, in kneeling-running posture, holding disk (sometimes
with animal’s head on it); below, on
one variety, forepart of man-headed
bull.
ΜΑΡ, ΜΑΡΛ, or ΜΑΡΛΟ Swan; in
field sometimes symbols. Incuse
square or circle [Hunter Cat., ii, Pl.
LIX. 11, 12]. AR Staters



To the same period belong small coins (14.5 grs. or less) with types—
Head of Herakles bearded; Head of Athena; Winged half-figure; Swan;
Astragalos. The swan on the above coin is doubtless the symbol of
Astarte-Aphrodite, and the bird must have been common on the
Pyramus marshes. Kronos appears in a Hellenized form on later coins.


Circ. B.C. 385-333.




Young Dionysos seated in vine with
grapes. [BMC Lyconia, Pl. XVII. 1.]
ΜΑΡΛ? Male figure ploughing with
yoke of oxen; above, winged disk; in
field, barley-corn. AR Stater



724




Head of Kronos, bearded, wearing
decorated taenia.
ΜΑΛ Demeter holding torch and ears
of barley. AR Stater

ΜΑΡ and Teribazu in Aramaic; Baal
standing, with sceptre and eagle.
Ahura-mazda as half-figure terminated
by winged solar disk, holding wreath
and flower. AR Stater

King of Persia in kneeling-running posture, with spear and bow.
King of Persia as on obv., but holds
bow and draws arrow from quiver.
AR Stater

Similar.
ΜΑΛ Group of Herakles and lion on
capital of column. AR Stater

Athena seated with spear and shield;
olive-tree behind her.
ΜΑΛ Hermes and Aphrodite standing.
AR Stater

Id. [BMC Lyconia, Pl. XVII. 8.]
ΜΑΛ Nike kneeling on club and
writing her name ΝΙΚΗ. AR Stater

Head of Herakles, lion-skin round neck.
ΜΑΛ Conventional head of bearded
satrap in low tiara. AR Stater

Id. [Babelon, Inv. Wadd., Pl. X. 15.]
ΤΕΙΡΙΒΖΟΥ Similar. AR Stater

Head of Aphrodite or Demeter.
ΜΑΛ or ΜΑΛΛΩΤΗΣ Similar.
AR Stater



To the same period belong small coins (13 grs. or less) with types—
Veiled head of Demeter, rev. Demeter with torch and ears of barley;
Persian king with spear and bow, rev. Head of Satrap (but see Imhoof,
Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., 1908, p. 107); Baal standing (Teri in Aramaic
and double-barred ankh), rev. Head of Ahura-mazda; Bearded head,
rev. Athena seated; Head of Apollo, rev. Baal seated. Bronze is introduced in this period—Head of Triptolemos (?) wearing corn-wreath, rev.
Gorgoneion.


To the time of Alexander and his successors may be assigned, besides
tetradrachms (Müller, 1308-1318), the staters with Baal seated, rev.
Lion slaying bull over two lines of wall, or Head of Athena facing, with
mint-mark Μ (see under Tarsus). Under Demetrius II of Syria (B.C.
145-125) and later were issued tetradrachms, drachms, and autonomous
bronze coins with mint-mark Μ or ΜΑΛ, rev. Cultus figure of Athena
Magarsis, wearing triple-crested helmet, fringe of serpents on either side
of body from waist down, holding scepter, rosettes at sides. After the
delivery of Cilicia from Tigranes in B.C. 69, Mallus issued Æ. Inscr.,
ΜΑΛΛΩΤΩΝ. Types—Head of Apollo, rev. Athena seated.


Imperial, Tiberius to Macrinus. Inscr., ΜΑΛΛΩΤΩΝ, or ΜΑΛ.
ΙЄΡ. ΤΟΥ (or sometimes ΠΟΛεως?) ΘЄΟΥ ΑΜΦΙΛΟΧΟΥ. Era, B.C. 68 or
67. Types—Athena Magarsis; Amphilochos holding branch and scepter,
boar at his feet; Tyche seated or standing with two river-gods at her
feet. Colonial (some quasi-autonomous), Elagabalus to Valerian.
Under Elagabalus Mallus received a colony. Inscr., MALLO COLONIA,
sometimes also FELEX (sic), usually also S. C. Types—Bust of Senate
(SACRA SINATUS sic); Tyche seated between vexilla, with two river-gods at her feet; Amphilochos with tripod and boar, or with Athena,
Prize-crown (ΔЄΙ ΑΜFΙLΟCΗΙ, sic); Emperor with yoke of oxen,
crowned by genius and offering statuette to Tyche; &c.


Mopsus or Mopsuestia (Missis), on the Pyramus, was founded by
Mopsos, brother of Amphilochos. Under Antiochus IV of Syria it was
called Seleuceia. Regal and autonomous Æ. Inscr., ΣΕΛΕΥΚΕΩΝ


725


ΤΩΝ ΠΡΟΣ ΤΩΙ ΠΥΡΑΜΩΙ. Types—Head of Zeus; Artemis huntress;
Circular altar (Μοφου εστια). From circa B.C. 164 the coins (Æ) read
ΜΟΨΕΑΤΩΝ, usually also ΤΗΣ ΙΕΡΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΑΥΤΟΝΟΜΟΥ. Types—
Head of Alexander Bala (?); Head of Zeus; Tripod; Circular altar; Zeus
seated with Nike; Three Korybantes (?); Head of Athena; Helios in car.
Quasi-autonomous and Imperial, Tiberius to Gallienus. Silver of Hadrian and Pius. Era begins from autumn of B.C. 68. Inscr. as before
(in early Empire sometimes ΑCΥΛΟΥ for ΑΥΤΟΝΟΜΟΥ); ΑΔΡΙ. ΜΟΨЄΑΤWΝ ΠΟΛЄWC; or ΑΔΡΙΑΝWΝ ΜΟΨЄΑΤWΝ (occasionally
ΜΟΜΨЄΑΤWΝ) with complimentary titles, as ΑΝΤWΝЄΙΝΙΑΝWΝ,
ΑΛЄΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ, ΔЄΚΙΑΝWΝ, ΟΥΛεριανον ΓΑΛΛΙηνιανον. Types—
Mopsos with branch and tripod; Bust of Zeus; Eagle; Artemis huntress;
Dionysiac mule carrying bow, quiver, and ivy-wreath; Herakles and lion;
River-god Pyramos and nymph; Male and female figures with branches
(ΔΩΡЄΛΙ); Three Graces; City-goddess holding altar of Mopsos;
Athlete crowning himself; Prize crown on table; Altar and crab; Bridge
over Pyramus (ΔΩΡЄΑ ΠΥΡΑΜΟC, see Aegeae); &c. The altar of Mopsos
is a frequent symbol. Festivals, ΑΓΩΝ - -, ΟΙΚΟΥΜЄΝΙΚΟC.
Myus, on the coast between Celenderis and Posidium. To this,
rather than to the Ionian Myus, probably belongs a coin of Domitian.
rev. ΜΥЄΙΤΩΝ ΜΑΝΑ, Nike (Z. f. N., xii. 334; BMC Lyconia, xlvi).


Nagidus (Boz Yazi, between Anemurium and Posidium) began to
coin on the Persic standard towards the end of the fifth century.
Circ. B.C. 420-400.




Aphrodite enthroned, crowned by Eros,
whom she supports on her r. hand.
ΝΑΓΙΔΙΚΟΝ or ΝΑΓΙΔ (retrograde)
Bearded Dionysos wearing himation,
standing, holding thyrsos and grapes;
incuse circle. AR Staters

Aphrodite enthroned, Eros standing beside her.
ΝΑΓΙΔΕΩΝ Bearded Dionysos,
chlamys over shoulders, holding kantharos and thyrsos; incuse circle.
AR Staters



Circ. B.C. 400-380 and later.




Head of bearded Dionysos, wreathed
with ivy.
ΝΑΓΙΔΕΩΝ or ΝΑΓΙΔΙΚΟΝ Head
of Aphrodite, hair in sphendone.
AR Staters

Aphrodite enthroned, holding phiale
over altar; behind, Eros crowning
her.
ΝΑΓΙΔΕΩΝ Bearded Dionysos standing, wearing himation, holding thyrsos
and vine-branch with grapes.
AR Staters

Aphrodite enthroned, holding phiale;
behind her, crouching Eros.
ΝΑΓΙΔ Similar. AR Tetrobol



To the same period belong obols. Types—Dionysos standing; Head of
Dionysos; of Aphrodite; of Pan; Amphora; &c.


726


Time of Pharnabazus, circ. B.C. 379-374.





פרנבזו (Pharnabazu) in Aramaic. Head
of Ares.

[BMC Lyconia, Pl. XL. 10.]
ΝΑΓΙΔΙΚΟΝ Aphrodite, wearing
polos, on throne flanked by sphinxes,
smelling flower, and holding phiale.
[Cf. Aphrodisias, p. 718 f.] AR Stater



Circ. B.C. 374-333.




FIG. 321.





Aphrodite on backless throne, holding
phiale, crowned by flying Eros;
below seat, mouse; in exergue, Ω.
ΝΑΓΙΔΕΩΝ Bearded Dionysos standing, wearing himation, holding
thyrsos and vine-branch with grapes;
letters in field. AR Staters

Similar, but Aphrodite wears polos,
throne has back; usually, flower
growing before her; no letters.
ΝΑΓΙΔΙΚΟΝ As preceding; magistrate’s name ΤΩΝΔΩ or initials
(Fig. 321). AR Staters



To the same period belong bronze coins with types—Head of Aphrodite;
of young Herakles in lion-skin; of Dionysos bearded; of Pan;
Kantharos.


Ninica Claudiopolis. See Kubitschek, Num. Zeit., xxxiv (1902), pp.
1-27; he would identify this city with the Claudiopolis at Mut (see
above, Claudiopolis). The colony was probably founded by Domitian,
and named after his deified wife (see Ramsay, Oesterr. Jahresh., Beibl.,
1904, p. 76). The coinage is Colonial from Trajan to Maximus.
Inscr., COL. IVL. AVG. FELI. NINIC. CLAVD., NINI. COL. CLAVDIOPOLI. &c., variously abbreviated and blundered. Types—Athena
standing holding Nike; Dionysos on car drawn by panthers, led by
Seilenos; Satyr with wine-skin; Bust of Tyche; Wolf and twins;
Flaming altar; Founder with yoke of oxen, vexillum behind; Temple
façade (tetrastyle); Two vexilla; &c. Counter-marks, Δ in circle, star,
Nike, eagle.
Olba (Oura) was said to have been founded by Ajax, son of Teucer,
who established there a famous temple of Zeus (site at Uzundja-Burdi,
‘tall castle’). The high priests in the time of Augustus and Tiberius
ruled over not only Olba, but also Cennatis and Lalassis. The coinage
begins about the end of the first century B.C. : Æ with inscr. ΟΛΒΕΩΝ.
Types—Throne and Thunderbolt of Zeus Olbios. Then follow coins of
the high-priests (Num. Chr., 1899, pp. 181-207) :—


Ajax, son of Teucer, A. D. 10/11-14/15 or later.
Quasi-autonomous. Inscr., ΑΡΧΙΕΡΕΩΣ ΑΙΑΝΤΟΣ ΤΕΥΚΡΟΥ, rev.
ΤΟΠΑΡΧΟΥ ΚΕΝΝΝΑΤ. ΛΑΛΑΣΣ. (ΑΡΧΙΕΡΕΩΣ sometimes on rev.) or


727


ΑΙΑΝΤΟ. ΤΕΥΚΡΟ. and two monograms. Dates—Τ (= ετους) Α, Β and
Ε Imperial of same dates with heads of Augustus and Tiberius; inscr.,
ΑΡΧΙΕΡΕΩΣ ΑΙΑΝΤΟΣ ΤΕΥΚΡΟΥ ΤΟΠΑΡΧΟΥ ΚΕΝΝΑΤΩΝ ΚΑΙ
ΛΑΛΑΣΣΕΩΝ, and in year 5 also ΕΠΙ ΔΙΟΔΩ. Types—Head of Ajax
as Hermes; Triskeles; Thunderbolt.


M. Antonius Polemon (probably eldest son of Polemon I of Pontus

and Pythodoris), circ. A.D. 19/20-21/22.


Inscr., ΜΑΡΚ. ΑΝΤΩΝΙΟΥ ΓΙΟΛΕΜΩΝΟΣ ΑΡΧΙΕΡΕΩΣ, rev. ΔΥΝΑΣΤΟΥ ΟΛΒΙΩΝ ΤΗΣ ΙΕΡΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΚΕΝΝΑΤΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΛΑΛΑΣΣΕΩΝ
ΕΠΙ ΝΕΩΝΟΣ. Dates—Τ Ι and ΙΑ (magistrate’s name omitted in
year 11). Types—Head of Polemon; Sacred throne (sometimes with
triskeles symbol); Thunderbolt.


Between this and the time of Hadrian coins were struck at Olba
in the name of the ΚΟΙΝΟΝ ΛΑΛΑΣΕΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΚΕΝΝΑΤΩΝ by
Polemon II of Pontus, circ. A. D 41-68 (types—Club and Harpa); also with
the head of Domitian Caesar (type, Cornucopia). A coin of Galba, rev.
ΒΑCΙΛΕΥC Μ. ΑΝΤ. ΠΟΛΕΜΩΝ, Athena standing, was also probably
issued in Cilicia.


Quasi-autonomous and Imperial, Hadrian to Philip. Inscr., ΟΛΒЄΩΝ.
sometimes also ΑΔΡΙΑΝΩΝ ΑΝΤΩΝΙΝΙΑΝΩΝ and ΜΗ. Κ(Ι)Η(τιδος);
a coin of Geta has [ΜΗΤΡ.?] ΚЄΝΝ(ατων). Types—Head of Athena;
Spear between caps of Dioskuri; Throne of Zeus; Hermes; Head of
Herakles; Bust of City; Club; Crenellated tower; Eagle on thunderbolt;
Bust of Selene; of Sarapis; River-god; ΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ of M. Aurelius and
L. Verus; Zeus seated; Dionysos; Selene in biga of bulls, stars in the
field; Sarapis standing.


Philadelpheia in Cetis, in the Calycadnus valley. Quasi-autonomous
and Imperial, Trajan to Maximinus. Inscr., ΦΙΛΑΔЄΛΦΕWΝ ΚΗΤΙΔΟΕ
(ΚΙΗΤΙΔΟC or ΤΗC ΚΙΗΤΙΔΟC or ΚΙΗΤWΝ). Types—Bust of Athena;
Two bunches of grapes on stalk; Zeus; Apollo; Demeter; Tyche;
Eagle in temple.
Seleuceia ad Calycadnum (Selefke), founded by Seleucus Nicator, who
transferred thither the people of Holmi. The coinage begins in the
second century B.C. Autonomous Æ of two classes—(i) Without
city-name: types—Bust of Aphrodite (?), rev. Five-leaved flower or
branch, magistrates’ initials (Imhoof, Kl. M, ii, pp. 481, 482). (ii) With
inscr. ΣΕΛΕΥΚΕΩΝ or ΣΕΛΕΥΚΕΩΝ ΤΩΝ ΠΡΟΣ ΤΩΙ ΚΑΛΥΚΑΔΝΩΙ :
types—Bust of Athena of Holmi; Nike; Head of Apollo Sarpedonios;
Forepart of horse; Bust of Artemis; Athena standing; Head of City;
Club; Bust of Helios; magistrates’ names usually abbreviated, but
among those in full are ΞΕΝΑΡΧΟΥ and ΑΘΗΝΑΙΟΥ, probably the
Peripatetics (Strab., xiv. 670). AR tetradrachms of Antiochus VIII and
Seleucus VI of Syria (B.C. 121-95) may also have been struck here
(type, Athena standing). Quasi-autonomous and Imperial, Hadrian
to Gallienus. Inscr., CЄΛЄΥΚЄΩΝ, usually with ΤΩΝ ΠΡΟC ΤΩ ΚΑΛΥΚΑΔΝΩ variously abbreviated (e.g. ΠΡ. ΚΑΔΝΩ); under Hadrian also
ΤΗC ΙЄΡ. ΚΑΙ ΑC. ΑΥΤ.; later ЄΛЄΥΘЄΡΑC. Silver of Hadrian to
Caracalla with C. Є. on later issues; Π Π in titles of Hadrian and Pius


728


(cf. Tarsus, p. 734). Types—Bust of Athena; Owl; Athena on foot or in
chariot, fighting giants (Z. f. N., xiii. 134f.); Busts of Apollo and Tyche
confronted; Sacred laurel-branch; Zeus; Dionysos in car of panthers,
accompanied by Seilenos; Infant Zeus and Korybantes; Busts of Apollo
and Artemis; Aphrodite with mirror and two torch-holding Erotes;
River-god Kalykadnos; Artemis huntress with tree and stag; Artemis
with Hermes and sleeping figure; Bull, above, star in crescent; Europa
on bull, with Eros and Okeanos ? (Imhoof, Kl. M., Pl. XVIII. 20); Tyche
seated with river-god at feet; Bust of Tyche with bull above; Busts of
Sarapis and Isis; Two Victories holding wreath on table.
Selinus (Selinti), on the coast of Selentis. It was a mint of Antiochus
IV of Commagene, his queen Iotape, and their sons Epiphanes and
Callinicus (A.D. 38-74). Inscr., CЄΛΙΝΟΥCΙΩΝ or CЄΛΙ; rev. types—
Apollo with sceptre, phiale, and raven; Artemis huntress in long chiton.
Imperial, Trajan to Philip. Inscr., CЄΛΙΝΟΥCΙWΝ, or ΝЄΡουιανων
ΤΡΛΙανοπολιτων CЄΛΙ., or ΤΡΑΙΑΝΟ. CЄΛΙΝΟΥ., with or without ΤΗC
ΙЄΡας. Types—Apollo as before; Artemis huntress; Two veiled goddesses; Trajan seated in temple inscribed ΘЄΟΥ ΤΡΑΙανου. Trajan died
at Selinus.
Soli-Pompeiopolis, on the coast near Mezetlu, near the border between
Cilicia Tracheia and Pedias, was probably of Rhodian origin, but also
in some way connected with Athens. The coinage begins about B.C. 450
on the Persic standard.
Circ. B.C. 450-386.




Archer, wearing bonnet with wing shaped cockade, kneeling, looking
along arrow or bow-string.
ΣΟ or ΣΟΛΕΩΝ Grapes; magistrates ’
initials; incuse square.
AR Staters and Tetrobols

Head of Athena in Athenian helmet,
usually crested and adorned with
griffin.
ΣΟΛΙ, ΣΟΛΙΟ, ΣΟΛΙΟΝ or ΣΟΛΙΚΟΝ Grapes; usually incuse square.
AR Distater (?), Staters, Obols, &c.

Head of bearded Dionysos.

[Leake, Supp., p. 95.]
Σ...ΟΝ Grapes. AR 60.5 grs.

Head of archer in bonnet with cockade.
ΣΟ Grapes; usually in incuse square.
AR Obols, &c.



Circ. B.C. 386-333.




ΣΟ and Teribazu in Aramaic. Baal
standing with sceptre and eagle.
Ahura-mazda wearing polos, body terminated by mihr, holding wreath and
lotus-flower; incuse circle. AR Staters

Head of bearded Herakles, lion-skin
round neck.
ΣΟΛΕΩΝ or ΣΟΛΙΚΟΝ Conventional
head of Satrap in tiara. AR Staters

Head of Athena in crested Corinthian
helmet.
ΣΟΛΕΩΝ Grapes; magistrates’ names
(and, on staters, owl and cult-symbols). AR Staters, Obols, &c.

Head of Athena in wreathed Athenian
helmet.
ΣΟΛΕΩΝ Grapes; magistrates’ names.
Æ .45



In the time of Alexander or of his immediate successors, silver coins
were struck for Soli with the facing head of Athena and seated Baal,


729


mint-mark Σ (see Tarsus, p. 732); probably also Alexandrine tetradrachms
with Σ (Müller, 1319-1329).


Circ. B.C. 300-80.


During the Seleucid period, until Tigranes destroyed Soli (soon after
B.C. 83) there was a large coinage of AE; inscr., ΣΟΛΕΩΝ. Types—
Aphrodite riding on bull; Bull-horned Dionysos; Rose; Cornucopia;
Head of Artemis; of Athena; Athena seated; Athena hurling thunderbolt; Aegis with gorgoneion; Owl (inscr. ΑΘΕ); Head of Helios;
of City; Caps of Dioskuri; Eagle. Monograms of magistrates.


Circ. B.C. 66 to Imperial times.


Cn. Pompeius restored Soli in B.C. 66, from autumn of which year the
era was reckoned. The coins (Æ) were at first inscr. ΠΟΜΓΙΗΙΑΝΩΝ
(Head of Pompeius; Nike, see J. H. S., xviii. 166); this was soon changed
to ΠΟΜΠΗΙΟΠΟΛΕΙΤΩΝ. Types—Head of Pompeius; Two bunches
of grapes; Star; Athena standing, holding Nike. Magistrates’ names.
Quasi-autonomous and Imperial, Nero to Volusian (magistrates'
names to Domitian). Types as before; also Bust of Athena; Athena
(sometimes with crescent at shoulders) holding Nike; Zeus seated;
Apollo; Dionysos; Helios (figure or head of); Artemis huntress with stag's
horns on head; Asklepios, Hygieia, and Telesphoros; Nike; Tyche
with river-god at feet; Crescent moon; Fountain-nymph (ΠΗΓΗ
CΟΥΝΙΑC) reclining; CЄΒΑCΤΩΝ ΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ, of Marcus and Verus;
Busts of Chrysippos and Aratos; Statue of Chrysippos (?). Large coinage in A. D. 163/4 for some special occasion. Mark of value ΑϚ (=6 assaria) on latest coins. Π(ατηρ) Π(ατριδος) in Imperial titles from Pius
onwards.


Syedra (Sedra), between Coracesium and Iotape. Imperial, Tiberius
to Gallienus. Inscr., CΥЄΔЄWΝ; title, CЄΜΝΗC ЄΝΔΟΞΟΤΕΡΑC.
Types—Demeter with two torches; Apollo Sidetes with phiale and scepter; Aphrodite with Ares and Hermes; Aphrodite; Athena voting;
Rape of Persephone; Hades with Demeter; Dionysos; Wrestlers
(ΘЄΜΙC); Gymnasiarch’s oil-basin (ΓΥΜΝΑCΙΑΡΧΙ A, cf. Anazarbus and Colybrassus). Marks of value ΙΑ and Η on later coins.
Tarsus, on the Cydnus, the most important city in Cilicia, was in
the time of Xenophon the capital of its kings, by whom the coins earlier
than the time of Tiribazus must have been struck. The standard is
Persic, the inscr. Aramaic and Greek.With a history going back over 6,000 years, Tarsus has long been an important stop for traders and a focal point of many civilizations. During the Roman Empire, Tarsus was capital of the province of Cilicia, the scene of the first meeting between Mark Antony and Cleopatra, and the birthplace of Paul the Apostle.
Circ. B.C. 450-380.




King of Persia stabbing lion.

[Maonald, Hunter Cat., ii, Pl.
LX. 5.]
ΤΕΡΣΙ and תרז (Tarz). King walking,
holding sceptre and ankh. Incuse
circle. AR Staters

King on horseback; beneath, ankh.

[Ibid., Pl. LX. 6.]
Tarz Two soldiers standing confronted.
Incuse square. AR Stater



730





King on horseback, holding flower; in
front, Tarz or חלך (ḥilik) = Κιλικιον.
Kneeling archer shooting, behind, ankh;
incuse square [Maonald, Hunter
Cat., ii, Pl. LX. 7]. AR Staters

Forepart of Pegasos.
Id. [Imhoof, Monn. gr., Pl. G, 6].
AR Tetrob. and Triob.

Lion attacking bull.
Tarz Ear of corn; incuse square.
AR Staters

King on horseback; sometimes ankh.
Tarz Hoplite kneeling, defending himself with spear and shield; incuse
square or (later) circle.
AR Staters, Tetrobols.



Satrapal. Circ. B.C. 386-333.


During this period Tarsus was the chief mint of the satraps who
ruled Cilicia or raised military forces there.


Tiribazus (B.C. 386-380) issued staters as at Issus, Mallus, and Soli,
differentiated by Τ.





Teribazu and Τ Baal standing, with
sceptre and eagle.
Ahura-mazda, body terminated by mihr,
holding wreath and lotus-flower.
AR Stater


Pharnabazus (B.C. 379-374).





Female head facing, with loose hair
(copied from Arethusa of Kimon).
פרנבזו חלּּ (Pharnabazu ḥilik). Head
of bearded Ares in helmet; symbol
usually ankh. AR Stater

Id. [Babelon, Invent. Wadd., Pl. XI.
25.]
ΚΙΛΙΚΙΑ ḥilik. Similar. AR Stater

בעלתרז (Ba'altarz). Baal seated with
sceptre.
Pharnabazu ḥilik. Head of Ares.
AR Stater

ḥilik. Head of young Herakles in lion skin three-quarters l.
ΤΕΡΣΙΚΟΝ Similar [BMC Lyconia, Pl.
XXIX. 6]. AR Stater



Some of these, which only bear the word ḥilik or Κιλικιον, were
doubtless issued at other mints (those with ankh with double bar and
Λ-shaped ansa perhaps at Issus). Of the same time are obols with
facing female head and head of Ares, with ḥilik or uninscribed.
Datames(B.C. 378-372).




FIG. 322.


731





Facing female head, as above.
תדנמו (Tadn̥mu). Head of Ares as above.
AR Staters

Ba'altarz. Baal seated, with sceptre,
ear of corn and grapes; thymiaterion
beside him; the whole in circle of
battlements.
Tadn̥mu. Archer seated, holding arrow;
beside him, bow; above, mihr [Revue
étud. anc. 1903, p. 248]. AR Staters

Similar (Fig. 322).
Tadn̥mu and usually אנא (Ana).
Datames (?) in attitude of adoration
before the god Ana; between them,
thymiaterion; above, line of roof
with antefixa. AR Staters

 
Anonymous (circ. B.C. 350).





Athena seated, with spear and shield;
behind, olive tree (cf. Mallus).

[BMC Lyconia, Pl. XL. 11.]
ΤΕΡΣΙΚΟΝ Girl kneeling playing with
astragali; behind, plant. AR Stater



Also small coins (11 grs. or less), uninscribed, with types : Bearded
head, rev. Athena seated; Beardless head, rev. Girl playing with astragali. [Imhoof, Monn. gr., p. 365, Nos. 52, 53.]





Young Herakles kneeling over club,
strangling lion (as on Syracusan gold).
ΤΕΡΣΙΚΟΝ Head of Aphrodite wearing stephane [BMC Lyconia, Pl. XL. 12].
AR Stater



Mazaeus (circ. B.C. 361-333). For nearly thirty years Mazaeus
governed Cilicia, and from 350 onwards also northern Syria (Ebernahara, ‘the country beyond the Euphrates’). For his history and coinage
see especially Six, Num. Chr., 1884, pp. 97 ff. From 333 to 328 he was
governor of Babylon, see p. 816. His Cilician coins were mainly issued
from Tarsus; even those bearing the initials Ι (ΙΣ), Μ, Σ (for Issus,
Mallus, Soli) seem to have been actually struck there, as dies with different
mint-marks are combined in ‘mules’. His type of the lion killing
a stag is copied from the coins of Citium.


FIG. 323.





Ba'altarz. Baal enthroned, with ear of
corn, grapes, and sceptre; under
throne, ankh, or symbol, or Aramaic
letter.
מזדי (Mazdai). Lion killing stag; letters
usually in field. Incuse square on
earlier issues (Fig. 323). AR Staters

Id. Under seat, letters.
Mazdai. Lion killing bull (emblem of
Tarsus); in field, letters or symbols.
AR Staters

Id. In field, symbol.
Mazdai. Lion walking; in field, sometimes crescent and star. AR Staters



732





Id. In field, letters. (Fig. 324.)
מודי זי על עברנהרא וחלך (Mazdai zi
‘al ‘Ebernahara vu Ḥilik) (‘Mazdai,
who is over Ebernahara and Cilicia’).
Two lines of turreted wall (Tarsus);
above, lion killing bull. AR Staters





FIG. 324.





Baal seated.

[Babelon, Invent. Wadd., 4581.]
Mazdai. Butting bull. Æ .6



Mazaeus also struck coins in Phoenicia (see Sidon, p. 796 infra); for
his coinage after 333 see Babylon, p. 816 infra; for imitations of
Athenian tetradrachms with his name see Athens (p. 377 supra).
The place of Alexandrine tetradrachms at Tarsus and other Cilician
mints was perhaps taken by coins of the following classes. They bear
mint-marks Ι(ΙΣ), Μ, Σ, Τ or T, and the cost was probably therefore
borne by Issus, Mallus, Soli, and Tarsus (see Num. Chron., 1902, p. 83).





Ba'altarz. Baal enthroned; in field,
ear of corn; under throne, mintmarks.
Lion killing bull above double city-wall; above, club. AR Staters

Similar (no inscr.); under throne, mint-marks; symbols, helmet and ivy-leaf.
Bust of Athena Magarsis in three-crested helmet facing; in field, symbols or mint-marks. AR Staters

Bust of Athena Magarsis in three-crested helmet facing.

[BMC Lyconia, Pl. XXXII. 4.]
Thunderbolt on oval shield incurved at
sides; in field, star. AR Obol

..תר (Tr..). Deity standing, himation
over l. arm and lower limbs, holding
wreath or branch, between two
seated sphinxes.
Uncertain Aramaic inscr. Lion killing
stag. [Imhoof, Kl. M., ii. p. 493,
Pl. XIX. 6]. Plated Stater



Tarsus was probably also the chief mint of many small uninscribed AR
coins (13.7 grs. and less) of the fourth century. Types—Baal seated;
Eagle on ploughshare; Forepart of wolf; Bearded male head wearing
stephane; Forepart of Pegasos; Head of Herakles facing, chin covered
by lion’s scalp; Bearded head wearing turreted crown; Head of Triptolemos; Facing female head; &c.


Probably under Antiochus Epiphanes (B.C. 175-164) Tarsus received
the name of ‘Αντιοχεια η προς τω Κυδνω, but the Æ coinage under this name
was confined to a very short period. Inscr., ΑΝΤΙΟΧΕΩΝ ΤΩΝ ΠΙΡΟΣ
ΤΩΙ ΚΥΔΝΩΙ. Types—Turreted head of City; Zeus seated; Tyche
seated, river-god Kydnos at her feet; Sandan-Herakles on lion; Club in
wreath; Cornucopia. The Seleucid kings from Alexander I (B.C. 150-145) to Antiochus IX (B.C. 116-95) struck tetradrachms and drachms at


733


Tarsus, with the type of Herakles-Sandan standing on a horned and
winged lion; on the tetradrachms he appears in a pyramidal structure,
probably the pyre burned at the annual Tarsian festival πυρα. The
autonomous coinage from circa B.C. 164 to Imperial times consists of
AR Attic drachms and Æ. Inscr., ΤΑΡΣΕΩΝ. Types—Head or seated
figure of City; Sandan (sometimes on his pyre); Zeus; Apollo; Club;
Cornucopiae. Magistrates’ names abbreviated or in full.


Quasi-autonomous (to time of Commodus) and Imperial, Augustus to
Salonina. Titles—ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΕΩΣ or ΤΗΣ ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΕΩΣ, ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛЄΩC ΤΩΝ Γ. ЄΠΑΡΧЄΙΩΝ, Γ. ЄΠ. Π(ροκαθεζουενης), ЄΛ(ευθερας)
ΠΟ(λεως ?) ΤΟΥ ЄΘΝΟΥC, Α. Μ. Κ. (πρωτης μεγιστης καλλιστης),
ΝЄΩΚΟΡΟΥ (or -ΩΝ) under Antinoüs, ΔΙC ΝЄΩΚΟΡΟΥ under Commodus, and the following titles after Emperors : ΑΔΡΙΑΝΗC (or -ΩΝ),
ΚΟΜΟΔΙΑΝΗC, CЄΟΥΗΡΙΑΝΗC, ΑΝΤΩΝЄΙΝΙΑΝΗC, ΑΝΤΩΝΙΑΝΗC,
ΑΝΤΩΝЄΙΝΟΥΠΟΛ., ΜΑΚΡЄΙΝΙΑΝΗC, ΑΛЄΞΛΝΔΡ(ιανης). Inscriptions relating to the constitution: Γ. Β. (Septimius Severus to Gallienus) and Γ. Γ.
(Gallienus and Valerian) mean γραμματι (or γνωμη) βουλης and γερουσιας;
Γ. Π. Β. = γνωμη πρυτανεως βουλης (?). ΚΟΙΝΟΣ (or -ΝΟΙ) ΚΙΛΙΚΙΑC,
ΚΟΙΝΟC ΤΩΝ ΤΡΙΩΝ ЄΠΑΡΧΙΩΝ. The three eparchies ΙCΑΥΡΙΑ,
ΛΥΚΑΟΝΙΑ, ΚΙΛΙΚΙΛ. The provincial diet ЄΛЄΥΘЄΡΟΝ ΚΟΙΝΟΒΟΥΛΙΟΝ. ΚΙΛΙΚΑΡΧΙΑC (office of the Cilicarch). ЄΠΟΧΙΚΩΝ.
ΔΗΜ(ιουργιας) ΑΛЄΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ. Festivals: ΑΔΡΙΑΝΙΑ, ΑΥ. ΑΝΤΩΝΙΝΙ. (?), ΑΥΓΟΥCΤΙΑ, ΚΟΜΟΔЄΙΟΕ, CЄΟΥΗΡЄΙΑ, ЄΠΙΝЄΙΚΙΑ,
ΟΛΥΜΠΙΛ, ΑΚΤΙΑ, ΟΙΚΟΥΜЄΝΙΚΟC, ЄΝ ΚΟΔΡΙΓΑΙC(-ΓЄC) ΟΡΟΙC
ΚΙΛΙΚΩΝ (probably games celebrated on the scene of the victory
of Severus over Pescennius), ΚΟΡΑΙΑ, ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΑ, ΘЄΟΓΑΜΙΑ (?).
Types—Apollo Lykeios (or ΠΑΤΡΩΟC) on omphalos holding two wolves,
at his feet two bulls (alone, or held by Perseus, or with Perseus or
Emperor sacrificing to him); Perseus (sometimes called ΒΟΗΘΟΥ) alone
or with fisherman (see J. H. S., xviii. 172 f.); Herakles-Sandan on lion,
sometimes on his pyre; Athena (ΠΑΛΛΑC ΑΘΗΝΗ) alone, or with
Tyche and Nemesis, or in quadriga to front; Helmeted goddess riding
on lion, crowned by Nike; Artemis with stag’s horns on head; Selene
in biga of bulls; Aphrodite of Praxiteles; Judgment of Paris; Tripod-lebes of Antinous-cult (ΝЄΩΠΥΘΙΩ); Temple of Antinoüs (ΝЄΩΙΑΚΧΩ);
Panther with thyrsos; Dionysos and Ariadne in biga of centaurs;
Kybele; Helios; Asklepios and Hygieia; Asklepios and Herakles in temple; Herakles’ labors (Antaios, Lion, Bull, Hesperides, Stymphalian
birds, Hydra); Kronos; Amphilochos standing, with boar; Sarapis;
Three Graces; Triptolemos; Mithras sacrificing bull; Skylla; Tyche
Panthea winged and helmeted; Tyche (ΤΥΧΗ), usually of Antiocheia
type; Veiled female figure of the Eleutheron Koinoboulion sacrificing, or
standing between temples; ΒΟΥΛΗ seated voting; ΔΗΜΟC seated; River-god ΚΥΔΝΟC; Tyche receiving the three eparchies (all veiled and turreted); Galley with CЄΙΤΟC or ΔΩΡЄΑ ΑΛЄΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ ΤΑ(ρσω), and
Triptolemos in serpent-car with. ΔΩΡЄΑ CЄΙΤΟΥ ΑΠΟ ЄΓΥ(πτου) ΤΑΡCΩ.
alluding to gifts of wheat from the Emperor (N. Chr., 1900, 96 f.);
ΟΜΟΝΟΩ CЄΒΑCΤΩΝ of Marcus and Verus; Nike with shield inscr.
ЄΙC ΑΙΩΝΑ ΤΟΥC ΚΥΡΙΟΥC; Crowns of the demiourgoi (office once held
by Severus Alexander), and of the high priests of the Koinon, the latter
decorated with busts of Emperors (Oesterr. Jahresh., ii. 245 f.); Temple
of Imperial cultus (op. cit., vii, pp. 36 f.); Elephant carrying crown


734


(ΟΜΑΚΚ — πρωτη μεγιστη καλλιστη, οροις Κιλικων ?); Three athletes
crowning themselves; Lion killing bull; Eagle on harpa. From
Hadrian onwards, Π(ατηρ) Π(ατριδος) usually in Emperors’ titles; from
Philip I, ЄΥΤ(υχης) ЄΥC(εβης). Silver or billon from Tiberius to Macrinus
at intervals; weights irregular.


Titiopolis, probably in the mountains between the Ermenek Su and
the coast. Imperial, Hadrian to Geta. Inscr., ΤΙΤΙΟΠΟΑЄΙΤΩΝ; on
one coin ΚΙ or ΚΗ (Κιητιδος ?). Regnal date ЄΤΟΥC Γ on coin of Verus.
Types—Zeus seated with sceptre and cornucopia; Dionysos; Tyche.
Zephyrium-Hadrianopolis (Mersina). Autonomous Æ of first century
B.C. Quasi-autonomous and Imperial, Hadrian to L. Verus. Inscr.,
ΖЄΦΥΡΙWΤWΝ which from Hadrian’s time ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟΠΟΛЄΙΤWΝ
is prefixed; on a coin of Hadrian and Sabina also ЄΥCЄΒWΝ. Types—
Two staves in saltire (large Χ ?); Turreted head of City; Zeus seated;
Turreted goddess seated with sceptre, or holding Nike (?), with shield
beside her; Athena seated holding Nike; Bust of Athena; Altar;
Poseidon standing. Π(ατηρ) Π(ατριδος) on coins of Antonine period.
Era B.C. 68-7 (Imhoof, Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., 1908, p. 226).
ISLAND ADJACENT TO CILICIA


Elaeusa-Sebaste (Ayash, now joined to the mainland) near Corycus.
See especially Imhoof, Rev. Suisse, viii. 24 f.
First century B.C.




Turreted and veiled bust of City.

[BMC Lyconia, Pl. XL. 14.]
ΕΛΑΙΟΥΣΙΩΝ ΤΗΣ ΙΕΡΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΑΥΤΟΝΟΜΟΥ Goddess standing, holding tiller or stylis; monograms; all
in wreath. AR Tetradrachm 239 grs.



To the same period belong Æ inscr. ΕΛΑΙΟΥΣΣΙΩΝ or ΕΛΑΙΟΥΣΙΩΝ.
Types—Head of Zeus, rev. Nike; Bust of City turreted, rev. Hermes.
Monograms or initials of magistrates. From B.C. 18/17 to A.D. 5/6 Elaeusa
was the mint of Archelaus Philopatris of Cappadocia (infra, p. 752) for
his AR drachms with his portrait, title ΚΤΙΣΤΗΣ, and club. In the same
period were issued Æ coins in which the old name is eventually
replaced by ΣΕΒΑΣΤΗΝΩΝ. Types—Head of City, rev. Nike. Somewhat later are coins with Nike and Club, and those on which ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΕΩΣ is added. Types as before, or Caduceus and Dolphin. Sebaste
was a mint of Antiochus IV of Commagene and Iotape (A. D. 38-74);
inscr., ΣΕΒΑΣΤΗΝΩΝ. Types —Head of Antiochus, Nude beardless
figure on prow; Tyche; Iotape seated (Imhoof, Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk.,
1908, p. 218). To the period from A. D. 74 to the time of Commodus
Imhoof attributes silver Imperial coins usually assigned to Caesareia in
Cappadocia. Types—Two clasped hands holding standard on prow, sometimes with ΟΜΟΝ. CΤΡΑΤ. (Concordia militum); Eleutheria standing


735


with cap and sceptre (ЄΛЄVΘ. ΔΜΟΥ); Bust of Amazon; Club; Nike.
(See, however, BMC Galatia, p. xxxvi, note *, and BMC Lycaonia, p. lxx,
note 4.) Quasi-autonomous and Imperial, Commodus to Valerian.
Inscr., CЄΒΑCΤΗΝΩΝ, CЄΒΑCΤΗ ΝΑΥΑΡΧΙC, CЄΒΑCΤΗ ΙΕΡ(α) ΑC(υλος)
ΑΥΤ(ονομος) ΝΑΥ(αρχις), sometimes also ЄΛЄΥΘЄΡΛ (Imhoof, Kl. M.,
ii, p. 442). Types—Athena spearing serpent-footed giant; Zeus seated;
Asklepios, alone or with Telesphoros; Bust of young Dionysos; Veiled
cultus-figure on globe, sometimes under arch. On the later coins occur
the unexplained letters ΠCΡΔЄΤ or ΠΔCЄΡΤ.



KINGS


The capital of the later kings of Cilicia was at Hieropolis-Castabala.


Tarcondimotus I Philantonius (made dynast in B.C. 64 by Pompeius
and king by M. Antonius; died B.C. 31).





Head of King diademed.
ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΤΑΡΚΟΝΔΙΜΟΤΟΥ ΦΙΛΑΝΤΩΝΙΟΥ Zeus seated holding
Nike. Æ .9



Philopator (either I, son of Tarcondimotus I, deposed B.C. 30; or II,
son of Tarcondimotus II and grandson of Tarcondimotus I, died A.D. 17).





Veiled and turreted head of Tyche of
Hieropolis.
ΒΑCΙΛЄΩC ΦΙΛΟΠΑΤΟΡΟC Athena
standing, holding Nike. Æ .9



UNCERTAIN OF CILICIA


The following are the more important coins of Cilician fabric, the
mint of which cannot with probability be determined. They are all of
the Persic standard.


Sixth century B.C.




Forepart of lion. [BMC Lyconia, p. cxxvii.]
Incuse square divided by single diagonal.
AR Staters 165 grs.

Id.

[N. Chr., 1888, p. 115. 15, Pl. V. 9.]
Uncertain inscr. Man spearing lion;
Incuse square. AR Stater 163.6 grs.



Attributed to Issus by Six (N. Chr., loc. cit.).


Middle of fifth century B.C.




F Ram walking. [N. Chr., 1895, p.
197. 1, Pl. VII. 16.]
Dolphin and rosette; incuse square.
AR Staters

Similar; above, ankh.

[N. Chr., 1895, Pl. VII. 17.]
Club and olive-branch in saltire; incuse
square. AR Stater



Attributed to Magarsus by Six (N. Chr., loc. cit.).

736


Circ. B.C. 450-400.




Aramaic inscr.; goat kneeling.

[BMC Lyconia, p. 54. 17, Pl. IX. 11.]
Owl facing, wings open; incuse square.
AR Stater 163.6 grs.

Similar. [Maonald, Hunter Cat., p.
531. 4, Pl. LIX. 3; Z. f. N., xxiv,
p. 130.]
Similar; incuse circle.
AR Stater and Tetrobol

Winged goat kneeling, bird on crupper.

[BMC Lyconia, 54. 18, Pl. IX. 12.]
Similar; on either side, ankh; incuse
Square. AR Stater 165.6 grs.

Aramaic inscr.; similar, but only one
wing shown, and no bird.
[Maonald, p. 531. 5, Pl. LIX. 4.]
Similar, but no symbols.
AR Stater 168.1 grs.



These coins have been attributed to Aegeae (Six, N. Chr., 1895,
pp. 203 f.) and Celenderis (BMC Lyconia,  p. xlix).





DICTIONARY OF  ROMAN| COINS|



Please add updates or make corrections to the NumisWiki text version as appropriate. CILICIA - Now part of Turkey, extending along the Mediterranean opposite Cyprus. It was formerly one of the most opulent provinces of the Roman Republic and is memorable as the scene of Cicero's pro-consulship. The sestertius of Hadrian, bearing respectively the legends ADVENTUS AVG CILICIAE and RESTITVTORI CILICIAE, record the visit paid and allude to the benefits conferred by that emperor on the province. Of the former (viz, Adventus Augusti Ciliciae) the reverse type exhibits the emperor and a galeated female, who bears a vexillum, standing with an altar between them, and a victim ready for sacrifice. This typifies a general rejoicing on Hadrian's safe arrival in Cilicia. From the attire and attitude of the female, it is evident that the province was deemed warlike; but the Cilicians were despised by the Greeks as being prone to knavery, cruelty and mendacity - hence the proverb, "Cilix hand facile verum dicit." (Cilicia does not easily speak the truth.) --Capt. Smyth, Desc. Cat. p. 105.  View whole page from the |Dictionary Of Roman Coins| 

715

Cilicia With Cilicia Tracheia or Isauria
Ancient| Coins| from |Cilicia for |sale in the |Forum |Ancient |Coins |Shop
Babelon, Invent. de la Coll. Waddington (1898), pp. 222-70.
Bloesch, H. "Hellenistic Coins of Aegeae" in ANSMN 27. (1982).
Burnett, A., M. Amandry, et al. Roman Provincial Coinage. (London, 1992 - ).
Forrer, L. Descriptive Catalogue of the Collection of Greek Coins formed by Sir Hermann Weber. (1922 - 1929).
Göktürk, M.T. "Small coins from Cilicia and surroundings" in MIMAA.
Hill, G.F. A Catalog of the Greek Coins in the British Museum, Greek Coins of Lycaonia, Isauria, and Cilicia. (London, 1900).
Hoover, O. Handbook of Syrian Coins, Royal and Civic Issues, Fourth to First Centuries BC. (Lancaster, PA, 2009).
Houghton, A., C. Lorber & O. Hoover. Seleucid Coins: A Comprehensive Catalog.. (Lancaster, 2002 - 2008).
Imhoof-Blumer, Kleinasiat. Münzen, ii. (1902), pp. 422-94.
Kubitschek, W. "Ninica Claudiopolis" in NZ 34 (1902).
Lederer, P. "Die Staterprägung der Stadt Nagidos" in ZfN 41.
Levante, E. "Coinage of Adana in Cilicia" in NC 1984.
Lindgren, H.C. and F.L. Kovacs. Ancient Bronze Coins of Asia Minor and the Levant. (1985).
Lindgren, H.C. Lindgren III: Ancient Greek Bronze Coins from the Lindgren Collection. (1993).
Mionnet, T. Description de Médailles antiques grecques et romaines. (Paris, 1806-1837).
Moysey, R.A. "The Silver Stater Issues of Pharnabazos and Datames from the Mint of Tarsus in Cilicia" in ANSMN 31 (1986).
Nelson, B.R., ed. Numismatic Art of Persia. The Sunrise Collection, Part I: Ancient - 650 BC to AD 650. (Lancaster, PA, 2011).
Newell, E.T. "Myriandros, Alexandria Kat'isson" in AJN 53 (1919).
Price, M.J. The Coinage of in the Name of Alexander the Great and Philip Arrhidaeus. (London, 1991).
Prieur, M. & K. Prieur. The Syro-Phoenician Tetradrachms and their fractions from 57 BC to AD 258. (Lancaster, PA, 2000).
RPC Online - http://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/coins/
Sear, D. Greek Coins and Their Values, Vol. 2, Asia and Africa. (London, 1979).
Sear, D. Greek Imperial Coins and Their Values. (London, 1982).
Staffieri, G.M. “La monetazione di Diocaesarea in Cilicia” in Quaderni Ticinesi XIV (1985).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Denmark, The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum, Vol. 6: Phrygia to Cilicia. (West Milford, NJ, 1982).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Deutschland, Sammlung Hans Von Aulock. Vol. 3: Pisidia, Lycaonia, Cilicia, Galatia, Cappadocia.... (Berlin, 1964).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Deutschland: Pfälzer Privatsammlungen, Part 6: Isaurien und Kilikien. (Munich, 2001).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, France, Cabinet des Médailles, Bibliothéque Nationale, Vol. 2: Cilicia. (Paris, 1993).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Israel I, The Arnold Spaer Collection of Seleucid Coins. (London, 1998).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Switzerland I. Levante - Cilicia. (Zurich, 1986; suppl., 1993).
Winzer, A. Antike portraitmünzen der Perser und Greichen aus vor-hellenistischer Zeit (Zeitraum ca. 510-322 v. Chr.). Die frühesten Portraits lebender Menschen: Von Dareios I. bis Alexander III. (March-Hugstetten, 2005).
Ziegler, R. Kaiser, Heer und Städtisches Geld : Untersuchungen zur Münzprägung von Anazarbos und Anderer Ostkilikischer Städte. (Vienna, 1993).
Cilicia falls naturally into two parts, an eastern low-lying fertile plain, watered by the Pyramus and Sarus (Cilicia Campestris), and a western, mountainous land (Cilicia Tracheia, practically equivalent to the later Roman division of Isauria). In the present work this division is
ignored, and an alphabetical arrangement is adopted, the western boundary of the district towards Pamphylia being drawn at the river Melas, the eastern east of the Gulf of Issus, so as to include Alexandreia ad Issum and exclude Nicopolis and Germanicia Caesareia.


The coinage of Cilicia down to about the middle of the fifth century consisted of silver Aeginetic staters (c. 180 grs.) struck at uncertain mints. Somewhat later Celenderis, Mallus, Nagidus, Soli, and Tarsus, and still later Issus, began to strike silver money on the Persic standard (c. 170-160 grs.). These six towns were probably the only important Cilician mints
before the age of Alexander. Their money is partly municipal and partly satrapal, i. e. struck in the names or with the types of the Persian satraps, who made the Cilician ports the base of their operations against Cyprus and Egypt in the earlier part of the fourth century B.C.


The coin-legends, as might be expected in a country with a mixed population like Cilicia, are frequently bilingual, the Greek language prevailing in the western, and the Aramaic in the eastern half of the country. It is worthy of remark that a large number of the extant silver staters are countermarked with the figure of a bull standing, with the two Aramaic letters (יז) above its back (see infra, Issus). With the
expedition of Alexander, the satrapal coinage comes to an end, and is superseded by the new royal coinage of Alexander. This, followed by the money of the Seleucid kings, formed the chief currency of Cilicia down to the time when Pompey reorganized the country as a Roman province, B.C. 64. About this time begins a plentiful issue of autonomous bronze coins at all the principal towns, under Roman protection many of which are dated according to various local eras. But until A . D. 74 Cilicia Tracheia remained largely under the rule of local princes, and the quasi-autonomous coinage with magistrates’ initials or monograms lasted longer here than elsewhere in Asia Minor outside the province of Asia. The Imperial coins are very numerous; silver occurs exceptionally from Domitian to Caracalla at Aegeae, Mopsuestia, Seleuceia, Tarsus, and perhaps also at Elaeussa-Sebaste; for the weights see B. M. Catal. under these towns.


Adana on the Sarus. Under Antiochus IV of Syria (B.C. 175-164) bronze with inscr. ΑΝΤΙΟΧΕΩΝ ΤΩΝ ΠΡΟΣ ΤΩΙ ΣΑΡΩΙ. Types—Head of Antiochus radiate; Zeus seated holding Nike; Veiled female head; Horse. Autonomous Æ from circ. B.C. 164. Inscription, ΑΔΑΝΕΩΝ and (usually abbreviated) magistrates’ names. Types—as before; also Heads
of Artemis, of Apollo, of Zeus, of City-goddess, of Hermes;
Eagle; Nike; &c. Quasi-autonomous and Imperial, Hadrian to Gallienus. Inscr., ΑΔΑΝΕΩΝ, with addition of complimentary titles ΑΔΡΙΑΝΩΝ, ΜΑΚΡЄΙΝΙΑΝΩΝ, ΑΔΡ. CЄV. ΑΝΤΩΝЄΙΝΟV ΠΟ(λεως), CЄV.
ΑΛЄΞΑΝΔΡΟ(υπολεως), ΜΑΞΙΜЄΙΝΙΑΝΩΝ, ΜΑΞΙΜΙΑΝΩΝ, in honor of various Emperors from Hadrian to Maximus. Types—Zeus;
Half-length of River-god Saros; Dionysos; Hermes before agonistic table ; Sarapis; Tyche with River-god Saros at feet; &c. Games—ΙЄΡ(α)
ΟΙΚ(ουμενικα) ΔΙΟ(νυσια).
Aegeae (Ayas), on the Gulf of Issus. Æ of Antiochus IV of Syria. Rev. ΑΙΓΕΑΙΩΝ. Bust of horse. Autonomous Æ from circ. B.C. 164.
Inscr., at first ΑΙΓΕΑΙΩΝ, then also ΤΗΣ ΙΕΡΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΑΥΤΟΝΟΜΟΥ (or ΚΑΙ ΑΣΥΛΟΥ). Types—Zeus; Athena; Herakles; Head of Perseus; Head of Alexander the Great (?); Turreted head of City; rev. Bust or Forepart of horse; Goat; Club; &c. Era, Caesarean (autumn B.C. 47).
Quasi-autonomous and Imperial, Augustus to Gallienus. Severus Alexander is called ΑΡΧ(ηγετης) ΝЄΟΙΚ(ου) ΑCΚΛΗ(πιειον) (Imhoof, Zur
gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 202). Inscr., ΑΙΓΕΑΙΩΝ, with complimentary titles ΑΔΡΙΑΝΩΝ. ΚΟΜΟΔΙΑΝΩΝ, CЄVΗΡΙΑΝΩΝ, ΑΛЄΞΑΝΔΡΟVΠΟΛΙC, ΜΑΚΡЄΙΝΟVΠΟ., ΜΑΚЄ(δονικης) ЄVΓЄΝ(ους) ΠΙCΤΗC ΘЄΟΦΙΛΟVC ΝЄΩΚΟΡΟV ΑΙΓΑΙΑC, ΝΑVΑΡΧΙΔΟC, &c. Magistrates names
in early period, abbreviated, and name of legate Q. Terent. Culleo (ΕΠΙ ΚΟVΛΕΩΝΟC) under Tiberius. Types—Athena; Dionysos; Tyche; Dioskuri; Perseus; Herakles; Asklepios, Hygieia and Telesphoros;
Amaltheia with infant Zeus; Fountain-nymph; Busts of Sarapis and Isis; Kadmos before Thebes; Figure of ΕΚΚΛΗ(σια) seated; Goat with torches on horns; Lighthouse and ships; Bridge over Pyramus (ΔΩΡΕΑ
ΠVΡΑΜΟC the bridge being the gift of the Emperor); Boot; &c. The recumbent goat is a frequent symbol. There are AR tetradrachms of Hadrian and a billon coin of Valerian. Games—ΙЄΡΟC ΟΙΚΟVΜЄΝΙΚΟC ΑCΚΛΗΠΙΟC
Alexandreia ad Issum (near Alexandretta, Iskanderun). Æ of Antiochus IV of Syria. Inscr., ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΕΩΝ. Types—King’s head on shield
; Zeus standing; Nike. Autonomous Æ from B.C. 164: Head of Alexander as young Herakles, rev. Zeus. Quasi-autonomous and Imperial from Trajan to Severus Alexander. Inscr., ΑΛЄΞΑΝΔΡЄΩΝ, usually with
ΚΑΤ ΙCCΟΝ, and with dates probably according to era of autumn B.C. 67/6. Types—Head of Alexander the Great(?); Athena; Dionysos;
Kybele on lion; Bust of City; Tyche.
Anazarbus (Anavarza), on the Pyramus, reckoned its era from autumn B.C. 19, in which year it received the title Caesareia. Autonomous Æ of first century B.C. Inscr., ΑΝΑΖΑΡΒΕΩΝ. Types—Head of
Zeus; Zeus seated; Tyche holding corn and cornucopia. Quasi-autonomous and Imperial, Claudius(?) to Gallienus. ΚΑΙΣΑΡΕΩΝ alone or with (ΤΩΝ) ΠΡΟΣ (ΤΩ) ΑΝΑΖΑΡΒΩ or VΠ ΑΝΑΖΑΡ. until Commodus; then ΑΝΑΖΑΡΒΕΩΝ or ΑΝΑΖΑΡΒΟV. Titles rivaling those of Tarsus— ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟLЄΩC (ЄΘΝΟVC), ЄΝΔΟΞΟV, ΤΙΜΙΩ(τατης),
ΡΩΜ(αιων), ΤΡΟΠ(αιοφον), Κ. Є. Κ. (Κοινοβουλον ελευθερα Κιλικιας ?),
Α. Κ. Μ. (πρωτης, καλλιστης μεγιστης). For inscriptions ЄΛЄVΘЄΡΟΝ
ΚΟΙΝΟΒΟVΛΙΟΝ, Γ. Β. and Γ. Γ. (γραμματι Βουλης and Γερονσιας),
ΔΗΜΙΟVΡΓΙΛ ΑΝΤΩΝЄΙΝΟV, see Tarsus. Agonistic, ΑΝΤΩΝΙΝΙΑΝΑ ΠΡΩΤΑ ΤΗC ΟΙΚΟVΜЄΝΗC, ЄΠΙΝЄΙΚΙΑ, ΙЄΡΟC ΟΙΚΟVΜЄΝΙΚΟC, ΙЄΡΟC ΙCЄ(λαστικος), ΑΔΡΙΑΝΙΟC ΟΙΚΟVΜЄΝΙΚΟC,
ΔЄΚΙΟC ΟΙΚΟVΜЄΝΙΚΟC, ΟΛVΜΠΙΛ, CЄΒΑCΜΙΑ, ΓVΜΝΑCΙΑΡΧΙΑ (Gymnasiarch standing by oil-basin), CVΝΘVCΙΑ ΟΙΚΟVΜЄΝΗC. Coins dated ЄΤ. ΙЄΡΟV ΟΛVΜΠ. were issued A. D. 250/1.
Types (many copied from Tarsus)—Tyche seated, with two others standing, or holding statuettes of the three Eparchiae; Sarapis; River-god Pyramos (half-length or reclining figure); Bust of Zeus before acropolis of City; the Koinoboulion seated voting; Nike in biga; Bust of Artemis; Prize crowns (five or six); ΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ of M. Aurelius and Verus
.
Anemurium in Cetis, on the promontory nearest to Cyprus, was a mint of
Antiochus IV of Commagene (A. D. 38-72). Inscr., ΑΝЄΜΟΥΡΙЄΩΝ.
Types—Head of king; Artemis huntress in long chiton. Also coins with inscription ΚΙΗΤΩΝ. Types—Scorpion and crescent. Quasi-autonomous and
Imperial, Titus to Gallienus. Inscr., ΑΝЄΜΟΥΡΙЄΩΝ or ΑΝЄΜΟVΡЄΩΝ. Types—Perseus; Mummy-shaped figure of Artemis; Tyche in temple; Lion and crescent. Regnal dates of the Emperors.
Antiocheia ad Cragum, on the coast between Selinus and Anemurium
(N. Chr., 1895, p. 288). Imperial, Pius to Valerian. Inscr., ΑΝΤΙΟΧЄΩΝ ΤΗC ΠΑΡΑ or ΠΑΡΑΛΙΟV. Types—Eagle; Tyche in temple.
Antiocheia ad Cydnum. See Tarsus.
Antiocheia ad Sarum. See Adana.


Aphrodisias on the peninsula of Zephyrium. To this city is attributed
(Imhoof, Kl. M., ii. 435) an important series of coins of the Aeginetic standard
.

Circ. B.C. 520-485.




Beardless (usually female ?) winged figure
in kneeling-running attitude, holding
uncertain objects.

[BMC Lyconia, Pl. XV. 10-12.]
Conical baetyl in rude incuse square.
AR Staters 185 grs.



Circ. B.C. 485-425.




Female winged figure, in kneeling-running attitude, holding caduceus or staff
and wreath.

[BMC Lyconia, Pl. XVI. 1-7.]
Incuse square containing conical or pyramidal
baetyl, sometimes with handles
, between granulated patches, pair
of birds, or bunches of grapes;
on stone or in field, sometimes , Ι,
Γ, Ψ, &c. (ιερα στοιχεια ?).
AR Staters 180 grs.



In the time of Pharnabazus, coins on the Persic standard were perhaps issued
at the same mint:

Circ. B.C. 379-374.




Aphrodite, wearing polos, seated between two sphinxes, smelling flower.
[BMC Lyconia, Pl. XIX. 14.]
Athena Parthenos standing to front, holding
Nike who is about to crown her
, resting r. on olive-tree, l. on shield
. (Copy of the Parthenos of Pheidias
.). AR Staters 154 grs.

Gorgoneion.

[Imhoof-Blumer KM, Pl. XVI. 24.]
Sphinx seated AR Obol 10.8 grs.

Id. [Imhoof, l. c., Pl. XVI. 25.]
Head of Athena. AR Obol 12.2 grs.

Beardless head [Imhoof, M. G., p. 373
75] or Head of Hermes [Imhoof, Zur
gr. u. röm. Münzk., 1908, p. 204].
Aphrodite seated between sphinxes, smelling
flower and holding flower with
long stalk. AR Obol 8.8 grs.

Facing female head. [Ibid.]
Γ Sphinx. Æ size 3.5



If this attribution is correct, probably the colonial coin of Sept. Severus, reading
CO. IVL. AV..., with seated Aphrodite smelling a flower, belongs to
the same mint (Imhoof, M. G., p. 374. 77; Kl. M., p. 435).


Augusta, on the Pyramus or the Sarus, probably derived its name from
Livia Augusta. Imperial, Livia to Gallienus. Era, autumn A.D
. 20. Inscr., ΑVΓΟΥΣΤΑΝΩΝ. Types—Bust of young Dionysos;
Athena; Artemis; Tyche with river-god at feet; Tyche seated and standing
female figure; Athlete seated on table crowning himself; etc.
Carallia (Ueskeles Keui near Beysheher). Imperial, Μ. Aurelius to Gallienus
. Inscr., ΚΑΡΑΛΛΙΩΤΩΝ. Types—Athena fighting, serpent round
tree beside her (Imhoof, Kl. M., Pl. XVII. 13); Athena voting;
Aphrodite arranging her hair; Selene with torch; Tyche seated in temple;
&c. Marks of value Γ, Η, ΙΑ on later coins.
Casae (near Carallia). Imperial, Severus Alexander to Valerian. Inscr.,
ΚΑCΑΤΩΝ. Types—Athena; Herakles strangling lion, or holding apples;
Rape of Persephone; Hekate with two torches; etc.
Castabala. See Hieropolis.
Celenderis (Tchelindre), on the coast of Tracheia, said to have been founded
by Sandokos, father of Kinyras. The early coinage is on the Persic
standard.
circ. B.C. 450-400.



FIG. 319.




ΚΕΛ Nude horseman with whip, riding sideways
.
Goat kneeling, with symbols; incuse circle
. AR Staters 170 grs.

AR Tetrobols 55 grs.

Id. (sometimes letters).
ΚΕΛΕΝ Goat as above; incuse circle.
(Fig. 319). AR Staters 170 grs.

Id. [N. Chr., 1896, Pl. III. 4; Imhoof-Blumer KM., p. 453.]
ΚΕΛΕΝΔΕΡΙΤΙΚΟΝ Goat as above;
incuse square. AR Stater 161.4 grs.



To the same period belong obols and half-obols (often uninscribed)
with Goat (or forepart) kneeling; Gorgoneion; Head of Athena; Forepart of
Pegasos; Astragalos; Free horse; Head of bearded Herakles; &c.


Fourth century B.C. and later.




Nude horseman as above.
ΚΕΛΕΝ (or abbrev.). Goat kneeling as above
. AR Staters 170 grs.



Also obols and half-obols as before.


During the second and first centuries B.C. and under the early Empire Celenderis
issued Æ inscr. ΚΕ or ΚΕΛΕΝΔΕΡΙΤΩΝ, with magistrates' initials
. Types—Gorgoneion; Goat; Laureate head of hero; Turreted bust
of City; Apollo standing. Antiochus IV of Commagene (A. D. 38-72)
issued here coins with his head and the type of Apollo. Imperial, Domitian
to Trajan Decius. Inscr. ΚЄΛЄΝΔЄΡΙΤWΝ. Types—Athena;
Demeter in serpent-car; Poseidon; Infant Dionysos enthroned, three Korybantes
around him; &c.


Cennatis. See Diocaesareia, Lalassis, and Olba.


Cestrus, an inland town not far from Selinus. Imperial, Antoninus Pius
, Aelius, Faustina II. Inscr., ΚЄCΤΡΗΝWΝ. Types—Eagle; Crescent and
star; Tyche.
Cetis or Cietis. A large district, including Olba, part of the Calycadnus valley
, and the country south of it, and the districts of Cennatis, Lalassis, and
Lacanatis. For coins inscr. ΚΙΗΤΩΝ see Anemurium.
Cibyra Minor (on the coast, near the Pamphylian border). Autonomous Æ of second or first century B.C. Inscr., ΚΙΒΥΡΑΤΩΝ with dates
(?) ΔΚ or ΕΚ. Types—Zeus; Dioskuri; Hermes; Nike crowning trophy
. Imhoof, Gr. Münzk., p. 679.


Claudiopolis (Mut), in the Calycadnus valley. Imperial of Hadrian. Inscr
., ΚΛΑVΔΙΟΠΟΛΙΤW[Ν]. Type—Tyche. This coin is of the fabric
of the neighborhood, and cannot belong to Bithynium-Claudiopolis; but possibly it represents the non-colonial portion of a double community
, of which the colony Ninica Claudiopolis (q. v.) formed the other
portion.


Colybrassus, an inland city near the Pamphylian border, not far from Side
. Imperial, Aurelius to Saloninus. Inscr., ΚΟΛVΒΡΑCCЄWΝ.
Types—Zeus (sometimes in temple); Athena; Hephaestos forging shield;
Asklepios; Hygieia; Hermes; Gymnasiarch’s oil-basin in temple (ΓVΜΝΑCΙΑΡΧΙΑ); &c. Marks of value Γ, Є, and ΙΑ on later coins.


Coracesium (Aláya). Imperial, Trajan to Saloninus. Inscr., ΚΟΡΑΚΗCΙΩΤΩΝ. Types—Zeus; Athena voting; Demeter drawn by serpents, or
standing; Apollo Sidetes; Helios in quadriga; Hermes; Goddess on horseback
. Mark of value ΙΑ on later coins.
Coropissus (a metropolis of Cetis, between Laranda and Claudiopolis).
Imperial, Hadrian to Valerian. Inscr., ΚΟΡΟΠΙCCЄΩΝ (or ΚΟΡΟΠЄΙCЄWΝ) with or without ΤΗC ΚΙΗΤWΝ (or ΚΗΤWΝ) ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟ.
Types—Perseus and Andromeda with slain κητος; Zeus; Athena; Apollo;
Nike; Tyche seated in temple; &c.
Corycus (Korgos, on the coast, south-west of Elaeussa; near it was the
Corycian cave, cf. Pind., Pyth., i. 31; Strab., xiv. 670; Plin., N. H., v. 92).
Autonomous Æ of first century B.C. with magistrates’ names abbreviated.
Inscr., ΚΩΡΥΚΙΩΤΩΝ. Types—Turreted head of City; Hermes standing;
Bust of Thalassa with crab-shell head-dress; Apollo with branch. Æ of
Antiochus IV of Commagene (A. D. 38-72). Type—Female figure seated
with phiale. Quasi-autonomous and Imperial, Trajan to Gallienus.
Inscr. as before, with ΑVΤΟΝΟΜΩΝ or ΑVΤΟΝΟΜΟV, sometimes
ΝΑVΑΡΧΙC. Types—Hermes; Aphlaston; Caduceus; Head (of Aphrodite?) with inscr. ΟΡΟΝ (unexplained); Poseidon; Artemis; Apollo;
Zeus; Okeanos reclining; Thalassa, with crab’s claws as head-dress,
holding aphlaston and oar; Aphrodite (?), with prow at feet, holding
aphlaston and sceptre; Dionysos standing before table with prize crown
(inscr. ΘЄΜΙΔος); &c.
Diocaesareia (metropolis of Cennatis, in the lower Calycadnus valley).
Quasi-autonomous and Imperial. Domitian to Philip. Inscr., ΔΙΟΚΑΙCΑΡЄΩΝ (or ΔΙΟΚЄCΑΡЄΩΝ) ΑΔΡΙΑΝΩΝ, later also ΜΗΤΡΟ.
ΚЄΝΝΑΤΙΔ[ΟC] or ΚЄΝΝΑΤΩΝ (ΚЄΝΑΤΩΝ). Types—Grapes;
Hermes; Bust of City; Eagle; Thunderbolt; Temple of Zeus with
thunderbolt; Thunderbolt on throne; Zeus hurling thunderbolt (inscr.
ΟΛΒΟC ‘prosperity’); Athena in quadriga hurling thunderbolt (cf. Seleuceia ad Calycadnum); Athena standing; Herakles seated on lion-skin; Tyche and seated City, river-god at their feet; Arched gateway
with statues. Eagle and thunderbolt are common countermarks.
Epiphaneia (near the head of the Gulf of Issus). Quasi-autonomous
and Imperial, Trajan to Gallienus. Inscr., ЄΠΙΦΛΝЄΩΝ, on earliest
coins also ΤΡΑΙΑΝΟΠΟ. Era, 68 B.C. Types—Athena; Demeter;
Apollo; Helios; Artemis; Dionysos (bust, figure standing or in car
drawn by panthers with satyr); Poseidon; Hades; Asklepios and
Hygieia; &c.
Flaviopolis (on the spurs of Mt. Taurus, above Anazarbus), named
after Vespasian, who organized the province in 74; era begins in autumn
of A.D. 73 or 74. Imperial, Domitian to Gallienus. Inscr., ΦΛΑΟVΙΟΠΟΛЄΜΩΝ (or ΦΛΑVΙ-). Types—Athena; Cultus-statue of Artemis
between stags browsing on trees; Sarapis; Busts of Isis and Sarapis
confronted; Bust of Kronos veiled; Herakles with apples; Helios;
Dioskuri (busts, or figures standing with crescent between them); Tyche
seated with river-god at feet; Genius seated to front sacrificing between
two vases.


Germanicopolis (Ermenek) in Lalassis. Imperial of Hadrian. Inscr.,
ΑΔΡΙΑΝΗ ΓЄΡΜΑΝΙΚΟΠΟΛΙ... Types—Bust of Apollo; Zeus
standing.
Hieropolis-Castabala (Budrum on the Pyramus). Æ of Antiochus IV
(B.C. 175-164). Inscr., ΙΕΡΟΠΟΛΙΤΩΝ ΤΩΝ ΓΙΡΟΕ ΤΩΙ ΠΥΡΛΜΩΙ.
Type—Eagle. From thence to Imperial times, autonomous Æ. Inscr. as
before, sometimes also ΤΗΣ ΙΕΡΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΑΣΥΛΟΥ. Types—Turreted head
of City; Eagle; Goddess of Hieropolis (Artemis Perasia) enthroned, eagle
under seat; River-god Pyramos (half-figure) swimming, holding eagle.
The coins of Tarcondimotus I and Philopator (see p. 735) were issued
here. Quasi-autonomous and Imperial, Ant. Pius to Gallienus. Inscr.,
ΙЄΡΟΠΟΛΙΤΩΝ (or -ЄΙΤΩΝ), with or without ΤΩΝ ΠΡΟC ΤΩ ΠΥΡΑΜΩ, after Sept. Severus with ΚΑCΤΑΒΑΛЄΩΝ. Types—Bust of
heroised king, diademed; Bust of Hekate veiled, with torch; of Artemis;
of young Dionysos; Zeus; Bust or figure of Helios; Tyche seated in
temple, river-god at her feet; Prize-crown and torches (ΙЄΡΟC; Naked
youth running; Torch and caduceus; &c.; Marks of value (Valerian and
Gallienus) Δ, Ϛ.
Holmi, on the coast south of Seleuceia. The coinage (silver of the
Persic standard, of which the staters show a connexion with Side, q. v.)
ceased when Seleucus transferred the inhabitants to his foundation
Seleuceia.
Fourth century B.C.




Athena standing, holding Nike; before
her, dolphin. [Imhoof, G. M., p. 710,
562; Kl. M., Pl. XVII. 9.]
ΟΛΜΙΤΙΚΟΝ Apollo Sarpedonios
standing, with long laurel-branch
and phiale (as on staters of Side).
AR Stater 149 grs.

Head of Athena. [Imhoof, Zur gr. u.
röm. Münzk., 1908, p. 209.]
ΟΛΜ, ΟΛΜΙΤΙ, ΟΛΜΙΤΙΚΟΝ or ΟΛΜΙΤΟΝ Head of Apollo or of a
goddess. AR 12 grs. or less

Æ size .5



Iotape, on the coast north-west of Selinus. Imperial, Trajan to
Valerian. Inscr., ΙWΤΑΠЄΙΤWΝ. Types—Perseus with head of Medusa;
Apollo; Tyche; &c. Mark of value (Valerian) Η.


Irenopolis, the Eastern city, near Anazarbus, perhaps at Kars Bazar.
Quasi-autonomous and Imperial, Nero to Gallienus. Inscr., ΙΡΗΝΟΠΟΛΙΤΩΝ or ЄΙΡΗΝΟΠΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ. Era begins from autumn of
A. D. 51 or 52. Types—Bust of Kronos, veiled; Zeus; Athena; Herakles reclining; Dionysos in car of panthers, to front; Bust of young
Dionysos; Demeter in biga of oxen; Asklepios and Hygieia; Eirene-Nemesis; Nike crowning City-goddess; Tyche with river-god at feet;
Busts of Sarapis and Isis; Caduceus between two cornucopia. For
the Western Irenopolis see Lacanatis.
Isaura Nova, metropolis of Isauria proper, perhaps at Tris Maden
(Siristat). Quasi-autonomous and Imperial, Severus to Mamaea.
Inscr., ΙCΑΥΡΩΝ or ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛЄΩC ΙCΑΥΡΩΝ. Types—Head of young Herakles in lion-skin; Youth armed with sword riding on lion;
Zeus; Athena seated or hurling thunderbolt, Artemis; Apollo and
Emperor joining hands; Tyche seated in fortified gateway or temple; &c.
Issus, at the head of the gulf of the same name. No coins can with
certainty be assigned to it before the fourth century.
Circ. B.C. 400-380. Persic standard.




ΙΣ[ΣΙ] or ΙΣΣΙ[ΚΟΝ ?] and traces of
Aramaic legend; Apollo with long
laurel-branch and phiale.
Herakles, beardless, holding club, bow,
and lion-skin; symbol, ankh. [Imhoof, Monn. gr., p. 355].
AR Stater 165 grs.

ΙΣ ? Baal standing, holding sceptre and
eagle.
Id. [Babelon, Perses Ach., No. 157,
Pl. III. 17]. AR Stater 160.5 grs.



Tiribazus, circ. B.C. 386-380.




ΙΣΣΙΚΟΝ and תריבזו (Teribazu) in
Aramaic. Baal standing, holding
sceptre and eagle.
Ahura-mazda as half-figure terminated
by winged solar disk, holding wreath
and flower; magistrate’s name ΑΜΙ.
AR Persic stater



Similar coins were issued by Tiribazus, while organizing the war
against Euagoras I, from Mallus, Soli, and Tarsus. Pharnabazus
(B.C. 379-374) also perhaps struck coins at or for Issus (with ankh of
peculiar form, see under Tarsus). Under Mazaeus (B.C. 361-333) or
later, staters with Baaltars seated, rev. City-walls, with lion slaying bull
above, or facing bust of Athena, were issued with the mint-marks of
the same four towns (see Tarsus). The Aramaic countermark iz with
a bull, common on coins of the south coast, is generally supposed to
indicate Issus.


Lacanatis, an inland district of Cetis. Æ of Antiochus IV of Commagene and his sons Epiphanes and Callinicus (A. D. 38-74). Inscr.,
ΛΑΚΑΝΑΤΩΝ. Types—Scorpion; Armenian tiara; Capricorn; the
two princes (ΒΑCΙΛЄΩC ΥΙΟΙ) on horseback; Anchor between crossed
cornucopia containing their heads. The mint was perhaps the western
Irenopolis (Irnebol).


Laerte, on the coast near the western border. Imperial, Trajan to
Saloninus. Inscr., ΛΑЄΡΤЄΙΤΩΝ. Types—Zeus seated or standing;
Apollo Sidetes; Athena (with olive-tree); Demeter; Ares; Dionysos;
Hermes; Nike in quadriga; Female figure seated, holding aplustre
and short sceptre; &c. Marks of value on later coins Γ, Η, ΙΑ.
Lalassis, a district of Tracheia, north of Lacanatis. The coins of
the Lalasseis, struck in common with the Cennatae, were probably all
issued from Olba, q. v.
Lamus, metropolis of Lamotis, inland from Antiocheia and Charadra
(B. C. H., 1899, p. 591), distinct from the town on the river Lamus.


Imperial, Severus to Valerian. Inscr., ΛΑΜΟΥ ΜΗΤΡΟΠ. ΛΑΜWΤΙΔΟC or ΤΗC ΛΑΜWΤΙΔΟC Types—Zeus in temple; Eagle on
altar; Apollo with bow and branch.


Lyrbe, near Side, on the western border. Imperial, M. Aurelius to
Saloninus. Inscr., ΛΥΡΒЄΙΤΩΝ. Types—Zeus; Apollo Sidetes;
Hades with Kerberos; Ares; Athena voting; Dionysos; Helios; Goddess
with spear; Hekate triformis; Nike and seated City-goddess. Mark of
value ΙΑ on later coins.
Mallus, one of the oldest cities in Cilicia, on the lower course of the
Cydnus, was according to one tradition founded by Mopsos and Amphilochos, the latter of whom had a famous oracle on the spot. The coinage (see especially Imhoof, Ann. de Num., 1883, pp. 89 f.; BMC Lyconia, &c., pp. cxvii f.; Imhoof-Blumer KM, ii, pp. 406 f.) begins towards
the end of the filth century B.C.
Circ. B.C. 425-385. Persic standard.




FIG. 320.





Beardless male winged figure, nude to
waist, in kneeling-running posture,
holding in both hands a disk with
star on it; sometimes Aramaic
inscription מרלו (mrlu).
ΜΑΡΛΟΤΑΝ, ΜΑΡΛΟ, ΜΑΛΡΟ (or
other abbreviation). Swan; in field,
various symbols, ankh, &c. Concave
field. (Fig. 320). AR Staters

Bearded figure (Kronos?), with four
wings or with two large wings at
shoulders and two small ones at ankles,
sometimes janiform, in kneeling-running posture, holding disk (sometimes
with animal’s head on it); below, on
one variety, forepart of man-headed
bull.
ΜΑΡ, ΜΑΡΛ, or ΜΑΡΛΟ Swan; in
field sometimes symbols. Incuse
square or circle [Hunter Cat., ii, Pl.
LIX. 11, 12]. AR Staters



To the same period belong small coins (14.5 grs. or less) with types—
Head of Herakles bearded; Head of Athena; Winged half-figure; Swan;
Astragalos. The swan on the above coin is doubtless the symbol of
Astarte-Aphrodite, and the bird must have been common on the
Pyramus marshes. Kronos appears in a Hellenized form on later coins.


Circ. B.C. 385-333.




Young Dionysos seated in vine with
grapes. [BMC Lyconia, Pl. XVII. 1.]
ΜΑΡΛ? Male figure ploughing with
yoke of oxen; above, winged disk; in
field, barley-corn. AR Stater




Head of Kronos, bearded, wearing
decorated taenia.
ΜΑΛ Demeter holding torch and ears
of barley. AR Stater

ΜΑΡ and Teribazu in Aramaic; Baal
standing, with sceptre and eagle.
Ahura-mazda as half-figure terminated
by winged solar disk, holding wreath
and flower. AR Stater

King of Persia in kneeling-running posture, with spear and bow.
King of Persia as on obv., but holds
bow and draws arrow from quiver.
AR Stater

Similar.
ΜΑΛ Group of Herakles and lion on
capital of column. AR Stater

Athena seated with spear and shield;
olive-tree behind her.
ΜΑΛ Hermes and Aphrodite standing.
AR Stater

Id. [BMC Lyconia, Pl. XVII. 8.]
ΜΑΛ Nike kneeling on club and
writing her name ΝΙΚΗ. AR Stater

Head of Herakles, lion-skin round neck.
ΜΑΛ Conventional head of bearded
satrap in low tiara. AR Stater

Id. [Babelon, Inv. Wadd., Pl. X. 15.]
ΤΕΙΡΙΒΖΟΥ Similar. AR Stater

Head of Aphrodite or Demeter.
ΜΑΛ or ΜΑΛΛΩΤΗΣ Similar.
AR Stater



To the same period belong small coins (13 grs. or less) with types—
Veiled head of Demeter, rev. Demeter with torch and ears of barley;
Persian king with spear and bow, rev. Head of Satrap (but see Imhoof,
Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., 1908, p. 107); Baal standing (Teri in Aramaic
and double-barred ankh), rev. Head of Ahura-mazda; Bearded head,
rev. Athena seated; Head of Apollo, rev. Baal seated. Bronze is introduced in this period—Head of Triptolemos (?) wearing corn-wreath, rev.
Gorgoneion.


To the time of Alexander and his successors may be assigned, besides
tetradrachms (Müller, 1308-1318), the staters with Baal seated, rev.
Lion slaying bull over two lines of wall, or Head of Athena facing, with
mint-mark Μ (see under Tarsus). Under Demetrius II of Syria (B.C.
145-125) and later were issued tetradrachms, drachms, and autonomous
bronze coins with mint-mark Μ or ΜΑΛ, rev. Cultus figure of Athena
Magarsis, wearing triple-crested helmet, fringe of serpents on either side
of body from waist down, holding scepter, rosettes at sides. After the
delivery of Cilicia from Tigranes in B.C. 69, Mallus issued Æ. Inscr.,
ΜΑΛΛΩΤΩΝ. Types—Head of Apollo, rev. Athena seated.


Imperial, Tiberius to Macrinus. Inscr., ΜΑΛΛΩΤΩΝ, or ΜΑΛ.
ΙЄΡ. ΤΟΥ (or sometimes ΠΟΛεως?) ΘЄΟΥ ΑΜΦΙΛΟΧΟΥ. Era, B.C. 68 or
67. Types—Athena Magarsis; Amphilochos holding branch and scepter,
boar at his feet; Tyche seated or standing with two river-gods at her
feet. Colonial (some quasi-autonomous), Elagabalus to Valerian.
Under Elagabalus Mallus received a colony. Inscr., MALLO COLONIA,
sometimes also FELEX (sic), usually also S. C. Types—Bust of Senate
(SACRA SINATUS sic); Tyche seated between vexilla, with two river-gods at her feet; Amphilochos with tripod and boar, or with Athena,
Prize-crown (ΔЄΙ ΑΜFΙLΟCΗΙ, sic); Emperor with yoke of oxen,
crowned by genius and offering statuette to Tyche; &c.


Mopsus or Mopsuestia (Missis), on the Pyramus, was founded by
Mopsos, brother of Amphilochos. Under Antiochus IV of Syria it was
called Seleuceia. Regal and autonomous Æ. Inscr., ΣΕΛΕΥΚΕΩΝΤΩΝ ΠΡΟΣ ΤΩΙ ΠΥΡΑΜΩΙ. Types—Head of Zeus; Artemis huntress;
Circular altar (Μοφου εστια). From circa B.C. 164 the coins (Æ) read
ΜΟΨΕΑΤΩΝ, usually also ΤΗΣ ΙΕΡΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΑΥΤΟΝΟΜΟΥ. Types—
Head of Alexander Bala (?); Head of Zeus; Tripod; Circular altar; Zeus
seated with Nike; Three Korybantes (?); Head of Athena; Helios in car.
Quasi-autonomous and Imperial, Tiberius to Gallienus. Silver of Hadrian and Pius. Era begins from autumn of B.C. 68. Inscr. as before
(in early Empire sometimes ΑCΥΛΟΥ for ΑΥΤΟΝΟΜΟΥ); ΑΔΡΙ. ΜΟΨЄΑΤWΝ ΠΟΛЄWC; or ΑΔΡΙΑΝWΝ ΜΟΨЄΑΤWΝ (occasionally
ΜΟΜΨЄΑΤWΝ) with complimentary titles, as ΑΝΤWΝЄΙΝΙΑΝWΝ,
ΑΛЄΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ, ΔЄΚΙΑΝWΝ, ΟΥΛεριανον ΓΑΛΛΙηνιανον. Types—
Mopsos with branch and tripod; Bust of Zeus; Eagle; Artemis huntress;
Dionysiac mule carrying bow, quiver, and ivy-wreath; Herakles and lion;
River-god Pyramos and nymph; Male and female figures with branches
(ΔΩΡЄΛΙ); Three Graces; City-goddess holding altar of Mopsos;
Athlete crowning himself; Prize crown on table; Altar and crab; Bridge
over Pyramus (ΔΩΡЄΑ ΠΥΡΑΜΟC, see Aegeae); &c. The altar of Mopsos
is a frequent symbol. Festivals, ΑΓΩΝ - -, ΟΙΚΟΥΜЄΝΙΚΟC.
Myus, on the coast between Celenderis and Posidium. To this,
rather than to the Ionian Myus, probably belongs a coin of Domitian.
rev. ΜΥЄΙΤΩΝ ΜΑΝΑ, Nike (Z. f. N., xii. 334; BMC Lyconia, xlvi).


Nagidus (Boz Yazi, between Anemurium and Posidium) began to
coin on the Persic standard towards the end of the fifth century.
Circ. B.C. 420-400.




Aphrodite enthroned, crowned by Eros,
whom she supports on her r. hand.
ΝΑΓΙΔΙΚΟΝ or ΝΑΓΙΔ (retrograde)
Bearded Dionysos wearing himation,
standing, holding thyrsos and grapes;
incuse circle. AR Staters

Aphrodite enthroned, Eros standing beside her.
ΝΑΓΙΔΕΩΝ Bearded Dionysos,
chlamys over shoulders, holding kantharos and thyrsos; incuse circle.
AR Staters



Circ. B.C. 400-380 and later.




Head of bearded Dionysos, wreathed
with ivy.
ΝΑΓΙΔΕΩΝ or ΝΑΓΙΔΙΚΟΝ Head
of Aphrodite, hair in sphendone.
AR Staters

Aphrodite enthroned, holding phiale
over altar; behind, Eros crowning
her.
ΝΑΓΙΔΕΩΝ Bearded Dionysos standing, wearing himation, holding thyrsos
and vine-branch with grapes.
AR Staters

Aphrodite enthroned, holding phiale;
behind her, crouching Eros.
ΝΑΓΙΔ Similar. AR Tetrobol



To the same period belong obols. Types—Dionysos standing; Head of
Dionysos; of Aphrodite; of Pan; Amphora; etc.


Time of Pharnabazus, circ. B.C. 379-374.





פרנבזו (Pharnabazu) in Aramaic. Head
of Ares.

[BMC Lyconia, Pl. XL. 10.]
ΝΑΓΙΔΙΚΟΝ Aphrodite, wearing
polos, on throne flanked by sphinxes,
smelling flower, and holding phiale.
[Cf. Aphrodisias, p. 718 f.] AR Stater



Circ. B.C. 374-333.




FIG. 321.





Aphrodite on backless throne, holding
phiale, crowned by flying Eros;
below seat, mouse; in exergue, Ω.
ΝΑΓΙΔΕΩΝ Bearded Dionysos standing, wearing himation, holding
thyrsos and vine-branch with grapes;
letters in field. AR Staters

Similar, but Aphrodite wears polos,
throne has back; usually, flower
growing before her; no letters.
ΝΑΓΙΔΙΚΟΝ As preceding; magistrate’s name ΤΩΝΔΩ or initials
(Fig. 321). AR Staters



To the same period belong bronze coins with types—Head of Aphrodite;
of young Herakles in lion-skin; of Dionysos bearded; of Pan;
Kantharos.


Ninica Claudiopolis. See Kubitschek, Num. Zeit., xxxiv (1902), pp.
1-27; he would identify this city with the Claudiopolis at Mut (see
above, Claudiopolis). The colony was probably founded by Domitian,
and named after his deified wife (see Ramsay, Oesterr. Jahresh., Beibl.,
1904, p. 76). The coinage is Colonial from Trajan to Maximus.
Inscr., COL. IVL. AVG. FELI. NINIC. CLAVD., NINI. COL. CLAVDIOPOLI. &c., variously abbreviated and blundered. Types—Athena
standing holding Nike; Dionysos on car drawn by panthers, led by
Seilenos; Satyr with wine-skin; Bust of Tyche; Wolf and twins;
Flaming altar; Founder with yoke of oxen, vexillum behind; Temple
façade (tetrastyle); Two vexilla; &c. Counter-marks, Δ in circle, star,
Nike, eagle.
Olba (Oura) was said to have been founded by Ajax, son of Teucer,
who established there a famous temple of Zeus (site at Uzundja-Burdi,
‘tall castle’). The high priests in the time of Augustus and Tiberius
ruled over not only Olba, but also Cennatis and Lalassis. The coinage
begins about the end of the first century B.C. : Æ with inscr. ΟΛΒΕΩΝ.
Types—Throne and Thunderbolt of Zeus Olbios. Then follow coins of
the high-priests (Num. Chr., 1899, pp. 181-207) :—


Ajax, son of Teucer, A. D. 10/11-14/15 or later.
Quasi-autonomous. Inscr., ΑΡΧΙΕΡΕΩΣ ΑΙΑΝΤΟΣ ΤΕΥΚΡΟΥ, rev.
ΤΟΠΑΡΧΟΥ ΚΕΝΝΝΑΤ. ΛΑΛΑΣΣ. (ΑΡΧΙΕΡΕΩΣ sometimes on rev.) or ΑΙΑΝΤΟ. ΤΕΥΚΡΟ. and two monograms. Dates—Τ (= ετους) Α, Β and
Ε Imperial of same dates with heads of Augustus and Tiberius; inscr.,
ΑΡΧΙΕΡΕΩΣ ΑΙΑΝΤΟΣ ΤΕΥΚΡΟΥ ΤΟΠΑΡΧΟΥ ΚΕΝΝΑΤΩΝ ΚΑΙ
ΛΑΛΑΣΣΕΩΝ, and in year 5 also ΕΠΙ ΔΙΟΔΩ. Types—Head of Ajax
as Hermes; Triskeles; Thunderbolt.


M. Antonius Polemon (probably eldest son of Polemon I of Pontus

and Pythodoris), circ. A.D. 19/20-21/22.


Inscr., ΜΑΡΚ. ΑΝΤΩΝΙΟΥ ΓΙΟΛΕΜΩΝΟΣ ΑΡΧΙΕΡΕΩΣ, rev. ΔΥΝΑΣΤΟΥ ΟΛΒΙΩΝ ΤΗΣ ΙΕΡΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΚΕΝΝΑΤΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΛΑΛΑΣΣΕΩΝ
ΕΠΙ ΝΕΩΝΟΣ. Dates—Τ Ι and ΙΑ (magistrate’s name omitted in
year 11). Types—Head of Polemon; Sacred throne (sometimes with
triskeles symbol); Thunderbolt.


Between this and the time of Hadrian coins were struck at Olba
in the name of the ΚΟΙΝΟΝ ΛΑΛΑΣΕΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΚΕΝΝΑΤΩΝ by
Polemon II of Pontus, circ. A. D 41-68 (types—Club and Harpa); also with
the head of Domitian Caesar (type, Cornucopia). A coin of Galba, rev.
ΒΑCΙΛΕΥC Μ. ΑΝΤ. ΠΟΛΕΜΩΝ, Athena standing, was also probably
issued in Cilicia.


Quasi-autonomous and Imperial, Hadrian to Philip. Inscr., ΟΛΒЄΩΝ.
sometimes also ΑΔΡΙΑΝΩΝ ΑΝΤΩΝΙΝΙΑΝΩΝ and ΜΗ. Κ(Ι)Η(τιδος);
a coin of Geta has [ΜΗΤΡ.?] ΚЄΝΝ(ατων). Types—Head of Athena;
Spear between caps of Dioskuri; Throne of Zeus; Hermes; Head of
Herakles; Bust of City; Club; Crenellated tower; Eagle on thunderbolt;
Bust of Selene; of Sarapis; River-god; ΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ of M. Aurelius and
L. Verus; Zeus seated; Dionysos; Selene in biga of bulls, stars in the
field; Sarapis standing.


Philadelpheia in Cetis, in the Calycadnus valley. Quasi-autonomous
and Imperial, Trajan to Maximinus. Inscr., ΦΙΛΑΔЄΛΦΕWΝ ΚΗΤΙΔΟΕ
(ΚΙΗΤΙΔΟC or ΤΗC ΚΙΗΤΙΔΟC or ΚΙΗΤWΝ). Types—Bust of Athena;
Two bunches of grapes on stalk; Zeus; Apollo; Demeter; Tyche;
Eagle in temple.
Seleuceia ad Calycadnum (Selefke), founded by Seleucus Nicator, who
transferred thither the people of Holmi. The coinage begins in the
second century B.C. Autonomous Æ of two classes—(i) Without
city-name: types—Bust of Aphrodite (?), rev. Five-leaved flower or
branch, magistrates’ initials (Imhoof, Kl. M, ii, pp. 481, 482). (ii) With
inscr. ΣΕΛΕΥΚΕΩΝ or ΣΕΛΕΥΚΕΩΝ ΤΩΝ ΠΡΟΣ ΤΩΙ ΚΑΛΥΚΑΔΝΩΙ :
types—Bust of Athena of Holmi; Nike; Head of Apollo Sarpedonios;
Forepart of horse; Bust of Artemis; Athena standing; Head of City;
Club; Bust of Helios; magistrates’ names usually abbreviated, but
among those in full are ΞΕΝΑΡΧΟΥ and ΑΘΗΝΑΙΟΥ, probably the
Peripatetics (Strab., xiv. 670). AR tetradrachms of Antiochus VIII and
Seleucus VI of Syria (B.C. 121-95) may also have been struck here
(type, Athena standing). Quasi-autonomous and Imperial, Hadrian
to Gallienus. Inscr., CЄΛЄΥΚЄΩΝ, usually with ΤΩΝ ΠΡΟC ΤΩ ΚΑΛΥΚΑΔΝΩ variously abbreviated (e.g. ΠΡ. ΚΑΔΝΩ); under Hadrian also
ΤΗC ΙЄΡ. ΚΑΙ ΑC. ΑΥΤ.; later ЄΛЄΥΘЄΡΑC. Silver of Hadrian to
Caracalla with C. Є. on later issues; Π Π in titles of Hadrian and Pius (cf. Tarsus, p. 734). Types—Bust of Athena; Owl; Athena on foot or in
chariot, fighting giants (Z. f. N., xiii. 134f.); Busts of Apollo and Tyche
confronted; Sacred laurel-branch; Zeus; Dionysos in car of panthers,
accompanied by Seilenos; Infant Zeus and Korybantes; Busts of Apollo
and Artemis; Aphrodite with mirror and two torch-holding Erotes;
River-god Kalykadnos; Artemis huntress with tree and stag; Artemis
with Hermes and sleeping figure; Bull, above, star in crescent; Europa
on bull, with Eros and Okeanos ? (Imhoof, Kl. M., Pl. XVIII. 20); Tyche
seated with river-god at feet; Bust of Tyche with bull above; Busts of
Sarapis and Isis; Two Victories holding wreath on table.
Selinus (Selinti), on the coast of Selentis. It was a mint of Antiochus
IV of Commagene, his queen Iotape, and their sons Epiphanes and
Callinicus (A.D. 38-74). Inscr., CЄΛΙΝΟΥCΙΩΝ or CЄΛΙ; rev. types—
Apollo with sceptre, phiale, and raven; Artemis huntress in long chiton.
Imperial, Trajan to Philip. Inscr., CЄΛΙΝΟΥCΙWΝ, or ΝЄΡουιανων
ΤΡΛΙανοπολιτων CЄΛΙ., or ΤΡΑΙΑΝΟ. CЄΛΙΝΟΥ., with or without ΤΗC
ΙЄΡας. Types—Apollo as before; Artemis huntress; Two veiled goddesses; Trajan seated in temple inscribed ΘЄΟΥ ΤΡΑΙανου. Trajan died
at Selinus.
Soli-Pompeiopolis, on the coast near Mezetlu, near the border between
Cilicia Tracheia and Pedias, was probably of Rhodian origin, but also
in some way connected with Athens. The coinage begins about B.C. 450
on the Persic standard.
Circ. B.C. 450-386.




Archer, wearing bonnet with wing shaped cockade, kneeling, looking
along arrow or bow-string.
ΣΟ or ΣΟΛΕΩΝ Grapes; magistrates ’
initials; incuse square.
AR Staters and Tetrobols

Head of Athena in Athenian helmet,
usually crested and adorned with
griffin.
ΣΟΛΙ, ΣΟΛΙΟ, ΣΟΛΙΟΝ or ΣΟΛΙΚΟΝ Grapes; usually incuse square.
AR Distater (?), Staters, Obols, &c.

Head of bearded Dionysos.

[Leake, Supp., p. 95.]
Σ...ΟΝ Grapes. AR 60.5 grs.

Head of archer in bonnet with cockade.
ΣΟ Grapes; usually in incuse square.
AR Obols, &c.



Circ. B.C. 386-333.




ΣΟ and Teribazu in Aramaic. Baal
standing with sceptre and eagle.
Ahura-mazda wearing polos, body terminated by mihr, holding wreath and
lotus-flower; incuse circle. AR Staters

Head of bearded Herakles, lion-skin
round neck.
ΣΟΛΕΩΝ or ΣΟΛΙΚΟΝ Conventional
head of Satrap in tiara. AR Staters

Head of Athena in crested Corinthian
helmet.
ΣΟΛΕΩΝ Grapes; magistrates’ names
(and, on staters, owl and cult-symbols). AR Staters, Obols, &c.

Head of Athena in wreathed Athenian
helmet.
ΣΟΛΕΩΝ Grapes; magistrates’ names.
Æ .45



In the time of Alexander or of his immediate successors, silver coins
were struck for Soli with the facing head of Athena and seated Baal, mint-mark Σ (see Tarsus, p. 732); probably also Alexandrine tetradrachms
with Σ (Müller, 1319-1329).


Circ. B.C. 300-80.


During the Seleucid period, until Tigranes destroyed Soli (soon after
B.C. 83) there was a large coinage of AE; inscr., ΣΟΛΕΩΝ. Types—
Aphrodite riding on bull; Bull-horned Dionysos; Rose; Cornucopia;
Head of Artemis; of Athena; Athena seated; Athena hurling thunderbolt; Aegis with gorgoneion; Owl (inscr. ΑΘΕ); Head of Helios;
of City; Caps of Dioskuri; Eagle. Monograms of magistrates.


Circ. B.C. 66 to Imperial times.


Cn. Pompeius restored Soli in B.C. 66, from autumn of which year the
era was reckoned. The coins (Æ) were at first inscr. ΠΟΜΓΙΗΙΑΝΩΝ
(Head of Pompeius; Nike, see J. H. S., xviii. 166); this was soon changed
to ΠΟΜΠΗΙΟΠΟΛΕΙΤΩΝ. Types—Head of Pompeius; Two bunches
of grapes; Star; Athena standing, holding Nike. Magistrates’ names.
Quasi-autonomous and Imperial, Nero to Volusian (magistrates'
names to Domitian). Types as before; also Bust of Athena; Athena
(sometimes with crescent at shoulders) holding Nike; Zeus seated;
Apollo; Dionysos; Helios (figure or head of); Artemis huntress with stag's
horns on head; Asklepios, Hygieia, and Telesphoros; Nike; Tyche
with river-god at feet; Crescent moon; Fountain-nymph (ΠΗΓΗ
CΟΥΝΙΑC) reclining; CЄΒΑCΤΩΝ ΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ, of Marcus and Verus;
Busts of Chrysippos and Aratos; Statue of Chrysippos (?). Large coinage in A. D. 163/4 for some special occasion. Mark of value ΑϚ (=6 assaria) on latest coins. Π(ατηρ) Π(ατριδος) in Imperial titles from Pius
onwards.


Syedra (Sedra), between Coracesium and Iotape. Imperial, Tiberius
to Gallienus. Inscr., CΥЄΔЄWΝ; title, CЄΜΝΗC ЄΝΔΟΞΟΤΕΡΑC.
Types—Demeter with two torches; Apollo Sidetes with phiale and scepter; Aphrodite with Ares and Hermes; Aphrodite; Athena voting;
Rape of Persephone; Hades with Demeter; Dionysos; Wrestlers
(ΘЄΜΙC); Gymnasiarch’s oil-basin (ΓΥΜΝΑCΙΑΡΧΙ A, cf. Anazarbus and Colybrassus). Marks of value ΙΑ and Η on later coins.
Tarsus, on the Cydnus, the most important city in Cilicia, was in
the time of Xenophon the capital of its kings, by whom the coins earlier
than the time of Tiribazus must have been struck. The standard is
Persic, the inscr. Aramaic and Greek.With a history going back over 6,000 years, Tarsus has long been an important stop for traders and a focal point of many civilizations. During the Roman Empire, Tarsus was capital of the province of Cilicia, the scene of the first meeting between Mark Antony and Cleopatra, and the birthplace of Paul the Apostle.
Circ. B.C. 450-380.




King of Persia stabbing lion.

[Maonald, Hunter Cat., ii, Pl.
LX. 5.]
ΤΕΡΣΙ and תרז (Tarz). King walking,
holding sceptre and ankh. Incuse
circle. AR Staters

King on horseback; beneath, ankh.

[Ibid., Pl. LX. 6.]
Tarz Two soldiers standing confronted.
Incuse square. AR Stater





King on horseback, holding flower; in
front, Tarz or חלך (ḥilik) = Κιλικιον.
Kneeling archer shooting, behind, ankh;
incuse square [Maonald, Hunter
Cat., ii, Pl. LX. 7]. AR Staters

Forepart of Pegasos.
Id. [Imhoof, Monn. gr., Pl. G, 6].
AR Tetrob. and Triob.

Lion attacking bull.
Tarz Ear of corn; incuse square.
AR Staters

King on horseback; sometimes ankh.
Tarz Hoplite kneeling, defending himself with spear and shield; incuse
square or (later) circle.
AR Staters, Tetrobols.



Satrapal. Circ. B.C. 386-333.


During this period Tarsus was the chief mint of the satraps who
ruled Cilicia or raised military forces there.


Tiribazus (B.C. 386-380) issued staters as at Issus, Mallus, and Soli,
differentiated by Τ.





Teribazu and Τ Baal standing, with
sceptre and eagle.
Ahura-mazda, body terminated by mihr,
holding wreath and lotus-flower.
AR Stater


Pharnabazus (B.C. 379-374).





Female head facing, with loose hair
(copied from Arethusa of Kimon).
פרנבזו חלּּ (Pharnabazu ḥilik). Head
of bearded Ares in helmet; symbol
usually ankh. AR Stater

Id. [Babelon, Invent. Wadd., Pl. XI.
25.]
ΚΙΛΙΚΙΑ ḥilik. Similar. AR Stater

בעלתרז (Ba'altarz). Baal seated with
sceptre.
Pharnabazu ḥilik. Head of Ares.
AR Stater

ḥilik. Head of young Herakles in lion skin three-quarters l.
ΤΕΡΣΙΚΟΝ Similar [BMC Lyconia, Pl.
XXIX. 6]. AR Stater



Some of these, which only bear the word ḥilik or Κιλικιον, were
doubtless issued at other mints (those with ankh with double bar and
Λ-shaped ansa perhaps at Issus). Of the same time are obols with
facing female head and head of Ares, with ḥilik or uninscribed.
Datames(B.C. 378-372).




FIG. 322.Facing female head, as above.
תדנמו (Tadn̥mu). Head of Ares as above.
AR Staters

Ba'altarz. Baal seated, with sceptre,
ear of corn and grapes; thymiaterion
beside him; the whole in circle of
battlements.
Tadn̥mu. Archer seated, holding arrow;
beside him, bow; above, mihr [Revue
étud. anc. 1903, p. 248]. AR Staters

Similar (Fig. 322).
Tadn̥mu and usually אנא (Ana).
Datames (?) in attitude of adoration
before the god Ana; between them,
thymiaterion; above, line of roof
with antefixa. AR Staters

 
Anonymous (circ. B.C. 350).





Athena seated, with spear and shield;
behind, olive tree (cf. Mallus).

[BMC Lyconia, Pl. XL. 11.]
ΤΕΡΣΙΚΟΝ Girl kneeling playing with
astragali; behind, plant. AR Stater



Also small coins (11 grs. or less), uninscribed, with types : Bearded
head, rev. Athena seated; Beardless head, rev. Girl playing with astragali. [Imhoof, Monn. gr., p. 365, Nos. 52, 53.]





Young Herakles kneeling over club,
strangling lion (as on Syracusan gold).
ΤΕΡΣΙΚΟΝ Head of Aphrodite wearing stephane [BMC Lyconia, Pl. XL. 12].
AR Stater



Mazaeus (circ. B.C. 361-333). For nearly thirty years Mazaeus
governed Cilicia, and from 350 onwards also northern Syria (Ebernahara, ‘the country beyond the Euphrates’). For his history and coinage
see especially Six, Num. Chr., 1884, pp. 97 ff. From 333 to 328 he was
governor of Babylon, see p. 816. His Cilician coins were mainly issued
from Tarsus; even those bearing the initials Ι (ΙΣ), Μ, Σ (for Issus,
Mallus, Soli) seem to have been actually struck there, as dies with different
mint-marks are combined in ‘mules’. His type of the lion killing
a stag is copied from the coins of Citium.


FIG. 323.





Ba'altarz. Baal enthroned, with ear of
corn, grapes, and sceptre; under
throne, ankh, or symbol, or Aramaic
letter.
מזדי (Mazdai). Lion killing stag; letters
usually in field. Incuse square on
earlier issues (Fig. 323). AR Staters

Id. Under seat, letters.
Mazdai. Lion killing bull (emblem of
Tarsus); in field, letters or symbols.
AR Staters

Id. In field, symbol.
Mazdai. Lion walking; in field, sometimes crescent and star. AR Staters





Id. In field, letters. (Fig. 324.)
מודי זי על עברנהרא וחלך (Mazdai zi
‘al ‘Ebernahara vu Ḥilik) (‘Mazdai,
who is over Ebernahara and Cilicia’).
Two lines of turreted wall (Tarsus);
above, lion killing bull. AR Staters





FIG. 324.





Baal seated.

[Babelon, Invent. Wadd., 4581.]
Mazdai. Butting bull. Æ .6



Mazaeus also struck coins in Phoenicia (see Sidon, p. 796 infra); for
his coinage after 333 see Babylon, p. 816 infra; for imitations of
Athenian tetradrachms with his name see Athens (p. 377 supra).
The place of Alexandrine tetradrachms at Tarsus and other Cilician
mints was perhaps taken by coins of the following classes. They bear
mint-marks Ι(ΙΣ), Μ, Σ, Τ or T, and the cost was probably therefore
borne by Issus, Mallus, Soli, and Tarsus (see Num. Chron., 1902, p. 83).





Ba'altarz. Baal enthroned; in field,
ear of corn; under throne, mintmarks.
Lion killing bull above double city-wall; above, club. AR Staters

Similar (no inscr.); under throne, mint-marks; symbols, helmet and ivy-leaf.
Bust of Athena Magarsis in three-crested helmet facing; in field, symbols or mint-marks. AR Staters

Bust of Athena Magarsis in three-crested helmet facing.

[BMC Lyconia, Pl. XXXII. 4.]
Thunderbolt on oval shield incurved at
sides; in field, star. AR Obol

..תר (Tr..). Deity standing, himation
over l. arm and lower limbs, holding
wreath or branch, between two
seated sphinxes.
Uncertain Aramaic inscr. Lion killing
stag. [Imhoof, Kl. M., ii. p. 493,
Pl. XIX. 6]. Plated Stater



Tarsus was probably also the chief mint of many small uninscribed AR
coins (13.7 grs. and less) of the fourth century. Types—Baal seated;
Eagle on ploughshare; Forepart of wolf; Bearded male head wearing
stephane; Forepart of Pegasos; Head of Herakles facing, chin covered
by lion’s scalp; Bearded head wearing turreted crown; Head of Triptolemos; Facing female head; &c.


Probably under Antiochus Epiphanes (B.C. 175-164) Tarsus received
the name of ‘Αντιοχεια η προς τω Κυδνω, but the Æ coinage under this name
was confined to a very short period. Inscr., ΑΝΤΙΟΧΕΩΝ ΤΩΝ ΠΙΡΟΣ
ΤΩΙ ΚΥΔΝΩΙ. Types—Turreted head of City; Zeus seated; Tyche
seated, river-god Kydnos at her feet; Sandan-Herakles on lion; Club in
wreath; Cornucopia. The Seleucid kings from Alexander I (B.C. 150-145) to Antiochus IX (B.C. 116-95) struck tetradrachms and drachms at Tarsus, with the type of Herakles-Sandan standing on a horned and
winged lion; on the tetradrachms he appears in a pyramidal structure,
probably the pyre burned at the annual Tarsian festival πυρα. The
autonomous coinage from circa B.C. 164 to Imperial times consists of
AR Attic drachms and Æ. Inscr., ΤΑΡΣΕΩΝ. Types—Head or seated
figure of City; Sandan (sometimes on his pyre); Zeus; Apollo; Club;
Cornucopiae. Magistrates’ names abbreviated or in full.


Quasi-autonomous (to time of Commodus) and Imperial, Augustus to
Salonina. Titles—ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΕΩΣ or ΤΗΣ ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΕΩΣ, ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛЄΩC ΤΩΝ Γ. ЄΠΑΡΧЄΙΩΝ, Γ. ЄΠ. Π(ροκαθεζουενης), ЄΛ(ευθερας)
ΠΟ(λεως ?) ΤΟΥ ЄΘΝΟΥC, Α. Μ. Κ. (πρωτης μεγιστης καλλιστης),
ΝЄΩΚΟΡΟΥ (or -ΩΝ) under Antinoüs, ΔΙC ΝЄΩΚΟΡΟΥ under Commodus, and the following titles after Emperors : ΑΔΡΙΑΝΗC (or -ΩΝ),
ΚΟΜΟΔΙΑΝΗC, CЄΟΥΗΡΙΑΝΗC, ΑΝΤΩΝЄΙΝΙΑΝΗC, ΑΝΤΩΝΙΑΝΗC,
ΑΝΤΩΝЄΙΝΟΥΠΟΛ., ΜΑΚΡЄΙΝΙΑΝΗC, ΑΛЄΞΛΝΔΡ(ιανης). Inscriptions relating to the constitution: Γ. Β. (Septimius Severus to Gallienus) and Γ. Γ.
(Gallienus and Valerian) mean γραμματι (or γνωμη) βουλης and γερουσιας;
Γ. Π. Β. = γνωμη πρυτανεως βουλης (?). ΚΟΙΝΟΣ (or -ΝΟΙ) ΚΙΛΙΚΙΑC,
ΚΟΙΝΟC ΤΩΝ ΤΡΙΩΝ ЄΠΑΡΧΙΩΝ. The three eparchies ΙCΑΥΡΙΑ,
ΛΥΚΑΟΝΙΑ, ΚΙΛΙΚΙΛ. The provincial diet ЄΛЄΥΘЄΡΟΝ ΚΟΙΝΟΒΟΥΛΙΟΝ. ΚΙΛΙΚΑΡΧΙΑC (office of the Cilicarch). ЄΠΟΧΙΚΩΝ.
ΔΗΜ(ιουργιας) ΑΛЄΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ. Festivals: ΑΔΡΙΑΝΙΑ, ΑΥ. ΑΝΤΩΝΙΝΙ. (?), ΑΥΓΟΥCΤΙΑ, ΚΟΜΟΔЄΙΟΕ, CЄΟΥΗΡЄΙΑ, ЄΠΙΝЄΙΚΙΑ,
ΟΛΥΜΠΙΛ, ΑΚΤΙΑ, ΟΙΚΟΥΜЄΝΙΚΟC, ЄΝ ΚΟΔΡΙΓΑΙC(-ΓЄC) ΟΡΟΙC
ΚΙΛΙΚΩΝ (probably games celebrated on the scene of the victory
of Severus over Pescennius), ΚΟΡΑΙΑ, ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΑ, ΘЄΟΓΑΜΙΑ (?).
Types—Apollo Lykeios (or ΠΑΤΡΩΟC) on omphalos holding two wolves,
at his feet two bulls (alone, or held by Perseus, or with Perseus or
Emperor sacrificing to him); Perseus (sometimes called ΒΟΗΘΟΥ) alone
or with fisherman (see J. H. S., xviii. 172 f.); Herakles-Sandan on lion,
sometimes on his pyre; Athena (ΠΑΛΛΑC ΑΘΗΝΗ) alone, or with
Tyche and Nemesis, or in quadriga to front; Helmeted goddess riding
on lion, crowned by Nike; Artemis with stag’s horns on head; Selene
in biga of bulls; Aphrodite of Praxiteles; Judgment of Paris; Tripod-lebes of Antinous-cult (ΝЄΩΠΥΘΙΩ); Temple of Antinoüs (ΝЄΩΙΑΚΧΩ);
Panther with thyrsos; Dionysos and Ariadne in biga of centaurs;
Kybele; Helios; Asklepios and Hygieia; Asklepios and Herakles in temple; Herakles’ labors (Antaios, Lion, Bull, Hesperides, Stymphalian
birds, Hydra); Kronos; Amphilochos standing, with boar; Sarapis;
Three Graces; Triptolemos; Mithras sacrificing bull; Skylla; Tyche
Panthea winged and helmeted; Tyche (ΤΥΧΗ), usually of Antiocheia
type; Veiled female figure of the Eleutheron Koinoboulion sacrificing, or
standing between temples; ΒΟΥΛΗ seated voting; ΔΗΜΟC seated; River-god ΚΥΔΝΟC; Tyche receiving the three eparchies (all veiled and turreted); Galley with CЄΙΤΟC or ΔΩΡЄΑ ΑΛЄΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ ΤΑ(ρσω), and
Triptolemos in serpent-car with. ΔΩΡЄΑ CЄΙΤΟΥ ΑΠΟ ЄΓΥ(πτου) ΤΑΡCΩ.
alluding to gifts of wheat from the Emperor (N. Chr., 1900, 96 f.);
ΟΜΟΝΟΩ CЄΒΑCΤΩΝ of Marcus and Verus; Nike with shield inscr.
ЄΙC ΑΙΩΝΑ ΤΟΥC ΚΥΡΙΟΥC; Crowns of the demiourgoi (office once held
by Severus Alexander), and of the high priests of the Koinon, the latter
decorated with busts of Emperors (Oesterr. Jahresh., ii. 245 f.); Temple
of Imperial cultus (op. cit., vii, pp. 36 f.); Elephant carrying crown (ΟΜΑΚΚ — πρωτη μεγιστη καλλιστη, οροις Κιλικων ?); Three athletes
crowning themselves; Lion killing bull; Eagle on harpa. From
Hadrian onwards, Π(ατηρ) Π(ατριδος) usually in Emperors’ titles; from
Philip I, ЄΥΤ(υχης) ЄΥC(εβης). Silver or billon from Tiberius to Macrinus
at intervals; weights irregular.


Titiopolis, probably in the mountains between the Ermenek Su and
the coast. Imperial, Hadrian to Geta. Inscr., ΤΙΤΙΟΠΟΑЄΙΤΩΝ; on
one coin ΚΙ or ΚΗ (Κιητιδος ?). Regnal date ЄΤΟΥC Γ on coin of Verus.
Types—Zeus seated with sceptre and cornucopia; Dionysos; Tyche.
Zephyrium-Hadrianopolis (Mersina). Autonomous Æ of first century
B.C. Quasi-autonomous and Imperial, Hadrian to L. Verus. Inscr.,
ΖЄΦΥΡΙWΤWΝ which from Hadrian’s time ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟΠΟΛЄΙΤWΝ
is prefixed; on a coin of Hadrian and Sabina also ЄΥCЄΒWΝ. Types—
Two staves in saltire (large Χ ?); Turreted head of City; Zeus seated;
Turreted goddess seated with sceptre, or holding Nike (?), with shield
beside her; Athena seated holding Nike; Bust of Athena; Altar;
Poseidon standing. Π(ατηρ) Π(ατριδος) on coins of Antonine period.
Era B.C. 68-7 (Imhoof, Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., 1908, p. 226).
ISLAND ADJACENT TO CILICIA


Elaeusa-Sebaste (Ayash, now joined to the mainland) near Corycus.
See especially Imhoof, Rev. Suisse, viii. 24 f.
First century B.C.




Turreted and veiled bust of City.

[BMC Lyconia, Pl. XL. 14.]
ΕΛΑΙΟΥΣΙΩΝ ΤΗΣ ΙΕΡΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΑΥΤΟΝΟΜΟΥ Goddess standing, holding tiller or stylis; monograms; all
in wreath. AR Tetradrachm 239 grs.



To the same period belong Æ inscr. ΕΛΑΙΟΥΣΣΙΩΝ or ΕΛΑΙΟΥΣΙΩΝ.
Types—Head of Zeus, rev. Nike; Bust of City turreted, rev. Hermes.
Monograms or initials of magistrates. From B.C. 18/17 to A.D. 5/6 Elaeusa
was the mint of Archelaus Philopatris of Cappadocia (infra, p. 752) for
his AR drachms with his portrait, title ΚΤΙΣΤΗΣ, and club. In the same
period were issued Æ coins in which the old name is eventually
replaced by ΣΕΒΑΣΤΗΝΩΝ. Types—Head of City, rev. Nike. Somewhat later are coins with Nike and Club, and those on which ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΕΩΣ is added. Types as before, or Caduceus and Dolphin. Sebaste
was a mint of Antiochus IV of Commagene and Iotape (A. D. 38-74);
inscr., ΣΕΒΑΣΤΗΝΩΝ. Types —Head of Antiochus, Nude beardless
figure on prow; Tyche; Iotape seated (Imhoof, Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk.,
1908, p. 218). To the period from A. D. 74 to the time of Commodus
Imhoof attributes silver Imperial coins usually assigned to Caesareia in
Cappadocia. Types—Two clasped hands holding standard on prow, sometimes with ΟΜΟΝ. CΤΡΑΤ. (Concordia militum); Eleutheria standing with cap and sceptre (ЄΛЄVΘ. ΔΜΟΥ); Bust of Amazon; Club; Nike.
(See, however, BMC Galatia, p. xxxvi, note *, and BMC Lycaonia, p. lxx,
note 4.) Quasi-autonomous and Imperial, Commodus to Valerian.
Inscr., CЄΒΑCΤΗΝΩΝ, CЄΒΑCΤΗ ΝΑΥΑΡΧΙC, CЄΒΑCΤΗ ΙΕΡ(α) ΑC(υλος)
ΑΥΤ(ονομος) ΝΑΥ(αρχις), sometimes also ЄΛЄΥΘЄΡΛ (Imhoof, Kl. M.,
ii, p. 442). Types—Athena spearing serpent-footed giant; Zeus seated;
Asklepios, alone or with Telesphoros; Bust of young Dionysos; Veiled
cultus-figure on globe, sometimes under arch. On the later coins occur
the unexplained letters ΠCΡΔЄΤ or ΠΔCЄΡΤ.



KINGS


The capital of the later kings of Cilicia was at Hieropolis-Castabala.


Tarcondimotus I Philantonius (made dynast in B.C. 64 by Pompeius
and king by M. Antonius; died B.C. 31).





Head of King diademed.
ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΤΑΡΚΟΝΔΙΜΟΤΟΥ ΦΙΛΑΝΤΩΝΙΟΥ Zeus seated holding
Nike. Æ .9



Philopator (either I, son of Tarcondimotus I, deposed B.C. 30; or II,
son of Tarcondimotus II and grandson of Tarcondimotus I, died A.D. 17).





Veiled and turreted head of Tyche of
Hieropolis.
ΒΑCΙΛЄΩC ΦΙΛΟΠΑΤΟΡΟC Athena
standing, holding Nike. Æ .9



UNCERTAIN OF CILICIA


The following are the more important coins of Cilician fabric, the
mint of which cannot with probability be determined. They are all of
the Persic standard.


Sixth century B.C.




Forepart of lion. [BMC Lyconia, p. cxxvii.]
Incuse square divided by single diagonal.
AR Staters 165 grs.

Id.

[N. Chr., 1888, p. 115. 15, Pl. V. 9.]
Uncertain inscr. Man spearing lion;
Incuse square. AR Stater 163.6 grs.



Attributed to Issus by Six (N. Chr., loc. cit.).


Middle of fifth century B.C.




F Ram walking. [N. Chr., 1895, p.
197. 1, Pl. VII. 16.]
Dolphin and rosette; incuse square.
AR Staters

Similar; above, ankh.

[N. Chr., 1895, Pl. VII. 17.]
Club and olive-branch in saltire; incuse
square. AR Stater



Attributed to Magarsus by Six (N. Chr., loc. cit.).Circ. B.C. 450-400.




Aramaic inscr.; goat kneeling.

[BMC Lyconia, p. 54. 17, Pl. IX. 11.]
Owl facing, wings open; incuse square.
AR Stater 163.6 grs.

Similar. [Maonald, Hunter Cat., p.
531. 4, Pl. LIX. 3; Z. f. N., xxiv,
p. 130.]
Similar; incuse circle.
AR Stater and Tetrobol

Winged goat kneeling, bird on crupper.

[BMC Lyconia, 54. 18, Pl. IX. 12.]
Similar; on either side, ankh; incuse
Square. AR Stater 165.6 grs.

Aramaic inscr.; similar, but only one
wing shown, and no bird.
[Maonald, p. 531. 5, Pl. LIX. 4.]
Similar, but no symbols.
AR Stater 168.1 grs.



These coins have been attributed to Aegeae (Six, N. Chr., 1895,
pp. 203 f.) and Celenderis (BMC Lyconia,  p. xlix).





DICTIONARY OF  ROMAN| COINS|



Please add updates or make corrections to the NumisWiki text version as appropriate. CILICIA - Now part of Turkey, extending along the Mediterranean opposite Cyprus. It was formerly one of the most opulent provinces of the Roman Republic and is memorable as the scene of Cicero's pro-consulship. The sestertius of Hadrian, bearing respectively the legends ADVENTUS AVG CILICIAE and RESTITVTORI CILICIAE, record the visit paid and allude to the benefits conferred by that emperor on the province. Of the former (viz, Adventus Augusti Ciliciae) the reverse type exhibits the emperor and a galeated female, who bears a vexillum, standing with an altar between them, and a victim ready for sacrifice. This typifies a general rejoicing on Hadrian's safe arrival in Cilicia. From the attire and attitude of the female, it is evident that the province was deemed warlike; but the Cilicians were despised by the Greeks as being prone to knavery, cruelty and mendacity - hence the proverb, "Cilix hand facile verum dicit." (Cilicia does not easily speak the truth.) --Capt. Smyth, Desc. Cat. p. 105.  View whole page from the |Dictionary Of Roman Coins|