Boelicke
Boelicke, U. Die Fibeln aus dem Areal der Colonia Ulpia Traiana. Xanter Berichte 10. (Mainz, 2002).
In German: The fibulae from the area of Colonia Ulpia Traiana. Xanter reports 10.
Table of Contents (Translated from German)
Foreword XIII
Fibulae from the area of Colonia Ulpia Traiana 1
Catalog 15
Group 1: One-piece spring fibulae with lower tendon 16
1 Nauheimer fibula 16
2 Mid La Tène fibula 17
3 Late La Tène fibula 17
4 Knot fibula 17
5 Bowl fibula 18
5.1 Nijmegen fibula variant 18
5.2 Bentumersiel 19
5.3 Bozum 19
6 Wire fibulae Almgren 15 19
6.1 Almgren 15 with round or oval bar without foot button 19
6.2 Almgren 15 with band-shaped bracket without foot button 40
6.3 Almgren fibula 15 with round bar and foot button 41
7 Wire fibulae Almgren16 41
7.1 Almgren 16 with band-shaped bracket 42
7.2 Almgren 16 with rhomboid cross-section 44
7.3 Almgren 16 with a triangular cross section 47
7.4 Almgren 16 with a round to semicircular temple cross-section 49
7.5 Almgren 16 with solid band-shaped or semicircular frame and foot button 49
7.6 Almgren 16 with a flat, wide bow with and without a foot button 50
7.7 Almgren 16, allocation 52
8 Crossbow fibula with a wide foot 52
9 One-part spring fibula with lower tendon 52 that cannot be determined
Group 2: One-piece spring fibulae with upper tendon and tendon hook 53
Group 2: One-piece spring fibula with upper tendon and tendon hook 53
1 Collar fibula 53
2 Simple Gallic fibulas 53
2.1 Simple Gallic fibula with ribbon-shaped temples and wire-shaped tendon hooks 54
2.2 Simple Gallic fibula with ribbon-shaped temples and plate-shaped tendon hooks 55
2.3 Iron simple Gallic fibula with a sharp neck bend 56
2.4 Simple Gallic fibula, temples with a rounded cross-section 56
2.5 Simple Gallic fibula, temple with a roof-shaped cross-section 57
2.6 Simple Gallic fibula, temples with a rectangular cross-section 57
2.7 Simple Gallic fibula with a massive bow 58 in the shape of an S-shape
2.8 Simple Gallic fibula with ribbon-shaped bow and foot button 58
2.9 Button fibula 58 2.10 Simple Gallic fibula, indefinable 58
3 Gaul wing fibula 59
4 Eye fibula 59
4.1 Eyelet fibula with open, laterally open eyes and knots .... 59
4.2 fibula with open, closed eyes and knots 60
4.3 Eye fibula with stamped circular eyes or dimples with bow knots or bow comb 61
4.4 Eyeless fibula with a comb 62
4.5 Eye fibula, variant cannot be determined 63
5 Bow fibula Almgren fibula 22 64
5.1 Almgren fibula 22, temple with a rounded cross-section 64
5.2 Almgren fibula 22, flat band-shaped, longitudinally structured bracket 65
5.3 Almgren fibula 22, allocation questionable 65
6 fibula 66
6.1 Kink fibula Almgren 19 66
6.1.1 Variant with a tapering, tapering foot and a curved profile 66
6.1.2 Variant with a tapered foot and kink between the bow knot and foot 67
6.1.3 Variant with a steeply raised front bracket part, the foot has parallel edges on 69
6.1.4 Variant cannot be determined 70
6.2 Almgren fibula 20 70
7 Fibula 72
8 Strongly profiled fibula 73
9 Knot fibula 74
Group 3: Bipartite spring fibulae 75
1 Strongly profiled fibula with support plate 75
2 English Trumpet fibulae 75
3 Bow fibula with semicircular profiled washer and high needle holder 76
4 Strongly profiled bow fibula with semicircular bow washer and cover plate 76
5 Germanic knee fibulae 76
5.1 Germanic knee fibulae with a round bar 76
5.2 Germanic knee fibula with angular bracket 77
6 Crossbow spring fibulae 77
6.1 Crossbow spring fibulae with a high needle holder 77
6.2 Crossbow spring fibula with an evenly wide foot 77
6.3 Crossbow spring fibula, not assignable 77
7 Fibulae with open kidney-shaped head plate and tubular foot 77
7.1 Variant with roof-shaped bracket 78
7.2 Variant with a narrow temple with a notched central rib 78
7.3 Variant with band-shaped bracket 78
7.4 Variant with triple perforated top plate 78
7.5 Variant cannot be determined in more detail 78
8 Spring fibula with pelta-shaped head plate 79
9 Fibulae with a semicircular head plate with eyelet 79
10 Spring fibulae with triangular head plate, forked bow and sheath-shaped foot 79
10.1 Version with two bracket arms 79
10.2 Variant with three bracket arms 79
11 Fibulae of objective form 80
12 Letter fibula 80
13 Swastika fibula 80
14 Simple round disc fibula with center ornament 81
15 Enamel disc fibulae 81
16 Hexagonal fibula 81
17 Millefiori fibula 81
18 Equilateral disc fibula 82
19 Disc fibulae with pressed sheet support 82
19.1 Small disc fibulae with pressed sheet support 82
19.2 Large disc fibula with pressed sheet support 82
20 Flower fibulae 83
21 Tutule-like fibula 83
Group 4: Sleeve spring fibulae 84
1 Sleeve spring fibulae with ridge bracket 84
2 Nertomarus fibulae 84
2.1 Nertomarus fibula, sleeve with pseudo filigree coating 84
2.2 Nertomarus fibula with undecorated sleeve 84
3 Langton Down 85 fibulae
3.1 Langton Down, arched temple attachment and curved temple edges 85
3.2 Langton Down, straight bracket attachment and bracket 85 of equal width
3.3 Langton Down, cannot be determined 85
4 Thistle fibulae 85
4.1 Thistle fibulae with a curved ironing part and a large rhomboid or round ironing washer with pressed sheet support 86
4.2 Thistle fibulas with a zoomorphic temple 86
4.3 Flat thistle fibulae 86
4.3.1 Variant with full-surface pressed sheet support 86 4.3.2 Rosette fibulae 87
4.4 Assignment to thistle fibulae questionable 87
5 Collar fibulae with sleeve spring 87 6 fibulae with wide base 88
6.1 Variant with a 'zoomorphic' temple 88 6.2 Variant with a trumpet-shaped temple 88
6.3 Variant not determinable 88
7 Fibula with forked, converging arms 88
8 Sleeve spring fibula with undivided bow 89
9 Knee fibulae with sleeve spring 89
9.1 Knee fibula with sleeve spring, D-shaped cross section, needle holder longitudinally 89
9.2 Knee fibulae with a sleeve spring, bow with a rectangular to trapezoidal cross-section, transverse needle holder 89
10 Fibula with sleeve spring 89
11 Unspecified sleeve spring fibula 90
Group 5: Sleeve hinge fibulae 91
1 Collar fibulae with sleeve hinge 91
2 Hinge fibulae with a wide sheet metal bracket 91
2.1 Variant with a wide bow 91 tapering towards the foot
2.2 Variant with a wide head plate, narrow bracket and foot button 91
3 Aucissa fibulae 92
3.1 Aucissa fibula, the band-shaped temple has a profiled raised rib in the middle 92
3.1.1 Pearl stick on the temple edges 92
3.1.2 Temple edges as smooth strips 94
3.1.3 Raised middle of the bracket, not assignable 96
3.2 Aucissa fibulae with a flat, band-shaped bow that is decorated with one or two central strips 97
3.2.1 Center of the temple decorated with a wavy band 97
3.2.2 Middle of the bow with a bead strip 97
3.2.3 Middle of the bow with two bead strips 98
3.2.4 Flat bracket, cannot be determined 98
3.3 Aucissa fibulae with a flat temple decorated with a fillet 98
3.4 Aucissa fibulae, stirrups or D-shaped cross-section 98
3.4.1 Temple decorated with wavy band 98
3.4.2 Temple with weak notch or hallmark decoration 99
3.4.3 Temple unadorned 100
3.5 Aucissa fibulae with decorative buttons 103
3.6 Aucissa Lattice fibulae 103
3.7 Aucissa replicas 104
3.8 Aucissa fibulae, not assignable 104
4 Hinge fibulae with cross-ornamented bow 105
5 Hinge wing fibulae 106
5.1 Hinge wing fibula with one or two crossbeams on bracket 106
5.2 Simple cruciform hinge wing fibula 106
5.3 Hinge wing fibers with T-shaped, longitudinally profiled bracket 106
5.4 Hinge wing fibulae with extensions at the widened end of the longitudinally profiled bracket 107
5.5 Hinge wing fibulae with extensions in the middle of the long sides of the longitudinally profiled bracket 107
5.6 Hinge wing fibulae with extensions in the middle of the long sides of the cross-profiled bracket 107
5.7 Openwork hinge wing fibulae 107
6 Hinge fibulae with undivided bracket 108
6.1 Hinge fibulae with undivided bracket and fully plastic foot button 108
6.2 Hinge fibulae with undivided bracket and decorative buttons on the side 108
6.3 Hinge fibulae with undivided bow and foot button rudiment 108
6.4 Hinge fibula with undivided bracket, variant cannot be determined in more detail 109
7 Hinge fibulae with ribbon-shaped bow and inscription 109
8 Hinge fibulae with longitudinally decorated bracket 109
8.1 Bracket with corrugated rib between two strips 110
8.2 Temples decorated with three or more longitudinal strips 110
8.3 Variant with a profiled bracket 111 decorated with a hallmark pattern
8.4 Temple unadorned with a wide central rib 111
8.5 Temple without decoration with semicircular cross section 111
8.6 Bracket with a fillet between two strips 111
8.7 Hinge fibula with longitudinally decorated bracket, variant cannot be determined 112
9 Hinge fibula with roof-shaped bracket with central gutter 112
10 Niello and hallmarked hinge fibulae 112
11 Hinge fibula with inserted plates 113
12 Enamel bow fibulae with sleeve hinge 113
12.1 Sleeve hinge fibula with longitudinally decorated bow and enamel foot 114
12.2 Enamel bow fibulae with small enamel fields 114
12.3 Enamel temple fibulae with divided temple 114
12.4 Enamel bow fibula with openwork bow and pearl ledge 115
13 Cross-shaped hinge fibula 115
14 Sleeve hinge fibulae 116, which cannot be determined in more detail
Group 6: Tubular hinge fibulae 117
1 Crossbow fibula 117
1.1 Crossbow fibula with short hinge arms 117
1.2 Crossbow fibula with long hinge arms, semicircular bracket and tubular base 117
1.2.1 Ribbon-shaped, longitudinally profiled bracket 117
1.2.2 Brackets with a pentagonal to hexagonal cross section 118
1.2.3 Central channel on bracket 118
1.2.4 Rivet holes next to the middle ridge of bracket 118
1.2.5 Bracket round in cross section 118
1.2.6 Temples semicircular in cross section 118
1.2.7 Trapezoidal cross-section bracket 118
1.2.8 Long hexagonal hinge arms, fully plastic bow button and faceted foot as a preform of the onion button fibula 119
2 Onion button fibula 119
Group 7: Cheek hinge fibulae 120
1 Bow fibulae with semicircular headplate120
2 Simple round disc fibulae with center ornament 120
2.1 Footless version with round disk 120
2.2 Footless variant with oval disc 121
2.3 Variant with foot 121
3 Rhombic fibulae with central ornament 122
4 Lunula fibulae 122
5 Wheel-shaped fibula with central ornament 123
6 Disc fibula with hallmark ornament and leg plates 123
7 Disc fibula with star-shaped surface structure 123
8 Disc fibulae with glass dome 124
9 Disc fibulae with pressed sheet support 124
9.1 Small disc fibula with pressed sheet support 124
9.2 Large disc fibula with pressed sheet support 124
10 Tutorial-like fibulae 125
10.1 Round fibula with deepened edge zone 125
10.2 Round, step-shaped disc 125
10.3 Rhombic, step-shaped disc 125
11 Millefiori fibula 125
12 Equilateral disk fibulae 125
13 Disc fibula with an axis of symmetry 126
14 Openwork fibula 127
15 Fibulae with medallion 127
16 Fibulae with hallmarks 128
17 Fibulae with enamel inlay 128
17.1 Animal fibulae 129
17.2 Fibulae of Objective Form 129
18 Dolphin fibulae 129
18.1 Large variant with a short snout 130
18.2 Small variant with an elongated snout 130
19 Enamel fibula with raised middle section and side round 130
Group 8: Fibulae with twist lock 131
1 Omega fibula 131
1.1 Omega fibula with double buttons in bent back ends 131
1.2 Omega fibulae with mushroom or acorn-shaped ends 131
1.3 Omega fibulae with flat snake-head ends 132
1.4 Omega fibula with an S-shaped end 132
2 Ring fibulae 132
2.1 Ring fibulae with stud ends 132
2.2 Ring fibula with spiral rolled ends 133
Indefinable fibula fragments 134
1 Spring fibulae 134
2 Hinge fibulae 141
3 Other fragments 141
Metal analysis 145
Metal analyzes on Roman fibulae from the CUT (by Thilo Rehren) 146
For analysis on the examined metal objects 146
Some comments on the results 146
Summary 147
Comments on the metal analysis of selected fibulae from the area of CUT 148
References 153
Plates 161
Boelicke
Boelicke, U. Die Fibeln aus dem Areal der Colonia Ulpia Traiana. Xanter Berichte 10. (Mainz, 2002).
In German: The fibulae from the area of Colonia Ulpia Traiana. Xanter reports 10.
Table of Contents (Translated from German)
[Note: Singular fibula instead of plural fibulae used to optimize links. Translations modified to fibula names used on this website.]
Foreword XIII
Fibula from the area of Colonia Ulpia Traiana 1
Catalog 15
Group 1: One-piece spring fibula with lower tendon 16
1 Nauheimer fibula 16
2 Mid La Tène fibula 17
3 Late La Tène fibula 17
4 Knot fibula 17
5 Bowl fibula 18
5.1 Nijmegen fibula variant 18
5.2 Bentumersiel 19
5.3 Bozum 19
6 Wire fibula Almgren 15 19
6.1 Almgren 15 with round or oval bar without foot button 19
6.2 Almgren 15 with band-shaped bracket without foot button 40
6.3 Almgren fibula 15 with round bar and foot button 41
7 Wire fibula Almgren16 41
7.1 Almgren 16 with band-shaped bracket 42
7.2 Almgren 16 with rhomboid cross-section 44
7.3 Almgren 16 with a triangular cross section 47
7.4 Almgren 16 with a round to semicircular temple cross-section 49
7.5 Almgren 16 with solid band-shaped or semicircular frame and foot button 49
7.6 Almgren 16 with a flat, wide bow with and without a foot button 50
7.7 Almgren 16, allocation 52
8 Crossbow fibula with a wide foot 52
9 One-part spring fibula with lower tendon 52 that cannot be determined
Group 2: One-piece spring fibula with upper tendon and tendon hook 53
Group 2: One-piece spring fibula with upper tendon and tendon hook 53
1 Collar fibula 53
2 Simple Gallic fibulas 53
2.1 Simple Gallic fibula with ribbon-shaped temples and wire-shaped tendon hooks 54
2.2 Simple Gallic fibula with ribbon-shaped temples and plate-shaped tendon hooks 55
2.3 Iron simple Gallic fibula with a sharp neck bend 56
2.4 Simple Gallic fibula, temples with a rounded cross-section 56
2.5 Simple Gallic fibula, temple with a roof-shaped cross-section 57
2.6 Simple Gallic fibula, temples with a rectangular cross-section 57
2.7 Simple Gallic fibula with a massive bow 58 in the shape of an S-shape
2.8 Simple Gallic fibula with ribbon-shaped bow and foot button 58
2.9 Button fibula 58 2.10 Simple Gallic fibula, indefinable 58
3 Gaul wing fibula 59
4 Eye fibula 59
4.1 Eyelet fibula with open, laterally open eyes and knots 59
4.2 Fibula with open, closed eyes and knots 60
4.3 Eye fibula with stamped circular eyes or dimples with bow knots or bow comb 61
4.4 Eyeless fibula with a comb 62
4.5 Eye fibula, variant cannot be determined 63
5 Bow fibula Almgren fibula 22 64
5.1 Almgren fibula 22, temple with a rounded cross-section 64
5.2 Almgren fibula 22, flat band-shaped, longitudinally structured bracket 65
5.3 Almgren fibula 22, allocation questionable 65
6 Knick fibula 66
6.1 Knick fibula Almgren 19 66
6.1.1 Variant with a tapering, tapering foot and a curved profile 66
6.1.2 Variant with a tapered foot and kink between the bow knot and foot 67
6.1.3 Variant with a steeply raised front bracket part, the foot has parallel edges on 69
6.1.4 Variant cannot be determined 70
6.2 Almgren fibula 20 70
7 Fibula 72
8 Strongly profiled fibula 73
9 Knot fibula 74
Group 3: Bipartite spring fibula 75
1 Strongly profiled fibula with support plate 75
2 English Trumpet fibula 75
3 Bow fibula with semicircular profiled washer and high needle holder 76
4 Strongly profiled bow fibula with semicircular bow washer and cover plate 76
5 Germanic knee fibula 76
5.1 Germanic knee fibula with a round bar 76
5.2 Germanic knee fibula with angular bracket 77
6 Crossbow spring fibula 77
6.1 Crossbow spring fibula with a high needle holder 77
6.2 Crossbow spring fibula with an evenly wide foot 77
6.3 Crossbow spring fibula, not assignable 77
7 Fibula with open kidney-shaped head plate and tubular foot 77
7.1 Variant with roof-shaped bracket 78
7.2 Variant with a narrow temple with a notched central rib 78
7.3 Variant with band-shaped bracket 78
7.4 Variant with triple perforated top plate 78
7.5 Variant cannot be determined in more detail 78
8 Spring fibula with pelta-shaped head plate 79
9 Fibula with a semicircular head plate with eyelet 79
10 Spring fibula with triangular head plate, forked bow and sheath-shaped foot 79
10.1 Version with two bracket arms 79
10.2 Variant with three bracket arms 79
11 Fibula of objective form 80
12 Letter fibula 80
13 Swastika fibula 80
14 Simple round disc fibula with center ornament 81
15 Enamel disc fibula 81
16 Hexagonal fibula 81
17 Millefiori fibula 81
18 Equilateral disc fibula 82
19 Disc fibula with pressed sheet support 82
19.1 Small disc fibula with pressed sheet support 82
19.2 Large disc fibula with pressed sheet support 82
20 Flower fibula 83
21 Tutule-like fibula 83
Group 4: Sleeve spring fibula 84
1 Sleeve spring fibula with ridge bracket 84
2 Nertomarus fibula 84
2.1 Nertomarus fibula, sleeve with pseudo filigree coating 84
2.2 Nertomarus fibula with undecorated sleeve 84
3 Langton Down fibula 85
3.1 Langton Down, arched temple attachment and curved temple edges 85
3.2 Langton Down, straight bracket attachment and bracket 85 of equal width
3.3 Langton Down, cannot be determined 85
4 Thistle fibula 85
4.1 Thistle fibula with a curved ironing part and a large rhomboid or round ironing washer with pressed sheet support 86
4.2 Thistle fibula with a zoomorphic temple 86
4.3 Flat thistle fibula 86
4.3.1 Variant with full-surface pressed sheet support 86
4.3.2 Rosette fibula 87
4.4 Assignment to thistle fibula questionable 87
5 Collar fibula with sleeve spring 87
6 Fibula with wide base 88
6.1 Variant with a 'zoomorphic' temple 88 6.2 Variant with a trumpet-shaped temple 88
6.3 Variant not determinable 88
7 Fibula with forked, converging arms 88
8 Sleeve spring fibula with undivided bow 89
9 Knee fibula with sleeve spring 89
9.1 Knee fibula with sleeve spring, D-shaped cross section, needle holder longitudinally 89
9.2 Knee fibula with a sleeve spring, bow with a rectangular to trapezoidal cross-section, transverse needle holder 89
10 Fibula with sleeve spring 89
11 Unspecified sleeve spring fibula 90
Group 5: Sleeve hinge fibula 91
1 Collar fibula with sleeve hinge 91
2 Hinge fibula with a wide sheet metal bracket 91
2.1 Variant with a wide bow 91 tapering towards the foot
2.2 Variant with a wide head plate, narrow bracket and foot button 91
3 Aucissa fibula 92
3.1 Aucissa fibula, the band-shaped temple has a profiled raised rib in the middle 92
3.1.1 Pearl stick on the temple edges 92
3.1.2 Temple edges as smooth strips 94
3.1.3 Raised middle of the bracket, not assignable 96
3.2 Aucissa fibula with a flat, band-shaped bow that is decorated with one or two central strips 97
3.2.1 Center of the temple decorated with a wavy band 97
3.2.2 Middle of the bow with a bead strip 97
3.2.3 Middle of the bow with two bead strips 98
3.2.4 Flat bracket, cannot be determined 98
3.3 Aucissa fibula with a flat temple decorated with a fillet 98
3.4 Aucissa fibula, stirrups or D-shaped cross-section 98
3.4.1 Temple decorated with wavy band 98
3.4.2 Temple with weak notch or hallmark decoration 99
3.4.3 Temple unadorned 100
3.5 Aucissa fibula with decorative buttons 103
3.6 Aucissa Lattice fibula 103
3.7 Aucissa fibula imitatives 104
3.8 Aucissa fibula, not assignable 104
4 Hinge fibula with cross-ornamented bow 105
5 Hinge wing fibula 106
5.1 Hinge wing fibula with one or two crossbeams on bracket 106
5.2 Simple cruciform hinge wing fibula 106
5.3 Hinge wing fibers with T-shaped, longitudinally profiled bracket 106
5.4 Hinge wing fibula with extensions at the widened end of the longitudinally profiled bracket 107
5.5 Hinge wing fibula with extensions in the middle of the long sides of the longitudinally profiled bracket 107
5.6 Hinge wing fibula with extensions in the middle of the long sides of the cross-profiled bracket 107
5.7 Openwork hinge wing fibula 107
6 Hinge fibula with undivided bracket 108
6.1 Hinge fibula with undivided bracket and fully plastic foot button 108
6.2 Hinge fibula with undivided bracket and decorative buttons on the side 108
6.3 Hinge fibula with undivided bow and foot button rudiment 108
6.4 Hinge fibula with undivided bracket, variant cannot be determined in more detail 109
7 Hinge fibula with ribbon-shaped bow and inscription 109
8 Hinge fibula with longitudinally decorated bracket 109
8.1 Bracket with corrugated rib between two strips 110
8.2 Temples decorated with three or more longitudinal strips 110
8.3 Variant with a profiled bracket 111 decorated with a hallmark pattern
8.4 Temple unadorned with a wide central rib 111
8.5 Temple without decoration with semicircular cross section 111
8.6 Bracket with a fillet between two strips 111
8.7 Hinge fibula with longitudinally decorated bracket, variant cannot be determined 112
9 Hinge fibula with roof-shaped bracket with central gutter 112
10 Niello and hallmarked hinge fibula 112
11 Hinge fibula with inserted plates 113
12 Enamel bow fibula with sleeve hinge 113
12.1 Sleeve hinge fibula with longitudinally decorated bow and enamel foot 114
12.2 Enamel bow fibula with small enamel fields 114
12.3 Enamel temple fibula with divided temple 114
12.4 Enamel bow fibula with openwork bow and pearl ledge 115
13 Cross-shaped hinge fibula 115
14 Sleeve hinge fibula which cannot be determined in more detail 116
Group 6: Tubular hinge fibula 117
1 Crossbow fibula 117
1.1 Crossbow fibula with short hinge arms 117
1.2 Crossbow fibula with long hinge arms, semicircular bracket and tubular base 117
1.2.1 Ribbon-shaped, longitudinally profiled bracket 117
1.2.2 Brackets with a pentagonal to hexagonal cross section 118
1.2.3 Central channel on bracket 118
1.2.4 Rivet holes next to the middle ridge of bracket 118
1.2.5 Bracket round in cross section 118
1.2.6 Temples semicircular in cross section 118
1.2.7 Trapezoidal cross-section bracket 118
1.2.8 Long hexagonal hinge arms, fully plastic bow button and faceted foot as a preform of the onion button fibula 119
2 Onion button fibula 119
Group 7: Cheek hinge fibula 120
1 Bow fibula with semicircular headplate120
2 Simple round disc fibula with center ornament 120
2.1 Footless version with round disk 120
2.2 Footless variant with oval disc 121
2.3 Variant with foot 121
3 Rhombic fibula with central ornament 122
4 Crescent fibula 122
5 Wheel-shaped fibula with central ornament 123
6 Disc fibula with hallmark ornament and leg plates 123
7 Disc fibula with star-shaped surface structure 123
8 Disc fibula with glass dome 124
9 Disc fibula with pressed sheet support 124
9.1 Small disc fibula with pressed sheet support 124
9.2 Large disc fibula with pressed sheet support 124
10 Tutorial-like fibula 125
10.1 Round fibula with deepened edge zone 125
10.2 Round, step-shaped disc 125
10.3 Rhombic, step-shaped disc 125
11 Millefiori fibula 125
12 Equilateral disk fibula 125
13 Disc fibula with an axis of symmetry 126
14 Openwork fibula 127
15 Fibula with medallion 127
16 Fibula with hallmarks 128
17 Fibula with enamel inlay 128
17.1 Zoomorphic fibula 129
17.2 Fibula of Objective Form 129
18 Dolphin fibula 129
18.1 Large variant with a short snout 130
18.2 Small variant with an elongated snout 130
19 Enamel fibula with raised middle section and side round 130
Group 8: Penannular Fibula (fibula with a twist lock) 131
1 Omega fibula 131
1.1 Omega fibula with double buttons in bent back ends 131
1.2 Omega fibula with mushroom or acorn-shaped ends 131
1.3 Omega fibula with flat snake-head ends 132
1.4 Omega fibula with an S-shaped end 132
2 Ring fibula 132
2.1 Ring fibula with stud ends 132
2.2 Ring fibula with spiral rolled ends 133
Indefinable fibula fragments 134
1 Spring fibula 134
2 Hinge fibula 141
3 Other fragments 141
Metal analysis 145
Metal analyzes on Roman fibula from the CUT (by Thilo Rehren) 146
For analysis on the examined metal objects 146
Some comments on the results 146
Summary 147
Comments on the metal analysis of selected fibula from the area of CUT 148