Rome: The Republic

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Traditionally Rome was founded in 753 BC, when Romulus killed Remus, giving his name to the city. After this, Rome Rome was ruled by kings, initially local chieftains and then in 616 BC by Etruscan kings. The last of these was killed in 510 BC, when the Republic was born. Gradually the Romans took control of the rest of Italy, although Rome was sacked by the Gauls in 391 BC. The Punic Wars (264-241 BC, 218-201 BC, 150-146 BC) were fought against Carthage for the control of Sicily and ultimately, the Mediterranean. During the Second Punic War, Philip V of Macedonia made an alliance with Hannibal. This led to Roman conquest of Greece and then the Seleucid Empire in the eastern Mediterranean. Power struggles by powerful political and military leaders, such as Marius against Sulla, and Pompey against Caesar, led to social upheavals and civil wars in the first century BC. However Roman hegemony was extended over Gaul and Spain. The final conflict between Mark Antony and Octavian led to victory for Octavian, who became the first Emperor, Augustus. Coinage started around 289 BC, originally as cast brass coinage, followed by coins in all three metals, but most notably the silver Denarius. The Senate appointed a committee of three magistrates, known as tresviri aere argento auro flando feriundo, the three men for the casting and striking of bronze, silver and gold. These posts were no doubt seen to be a privilege and were held by men from aristocratic families. Consequently, they have left their names inscribed on their coins, often with images alluding to their families greatness.

List of Emperors

Information on references used

Information on Roman Denominations

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Anonymous 217-215 BC AE Uncia	Anonymous 209-200 BC AR Denarius	Decimius Flavus c. 150 BC AR Denarius	Ti. Veturius c. 137 BC AR Denarius
Lucius Opeimius 131 BC AR Denarius	M.Fourius L.f. Philus 119 BC AR Denarius	M. Sergius Silus 116/115 BC AR Denarius	Man. Aemilius Lepidus 114 - 113 BC AR Denarius
C. Fonteius 114 - 113 BC AR Denarius	P. Licinius Nerva 113 - 112 BC AR Denarius	L. Marcius Philippus 113 - 112 BC AR Denarius	Q. Lutatius Cerco 109 BC - 108 BC AR Denarius
Mn. Fonteius 108 BC - 107 BC AR Denarius	C. Sulpicius C.f. 106 BC AR Denarius (serrated)	Q. Minucius M.f. Thermus 103 BC AR Denarius	C. Fundanius 101 BC Fouree silver plated denarius
D. Junius L.f. Silanus 91 BC AR Denarius	L. Calpurnius Piso L.f. L.n. Frugi 90 BC AR Denarius	Q. Titius 90 BC Fouree silver plated denarius	L. Rubrius Dossenus 87 BC AR Denarius
Mn. Fonteius C.f. 85 BC AR Denarius	C. Licinius L.f. Macer 84 BC AR Denarius	Q. Antonius Balbus 83-82 BC AR Denarius (serrated)	L. Marcius Censorinus 82 BC AR Denarius
C. Mamilius C.f. Limetanus 82 BC AR Denarius (serrated)	Sulla & Manlius Torquatus 82 BC AR Denarius	A. Postumius A.f. S..n. Albinus 81 BC AR Denarius (serrated)	C. Marius C.f. Capito 81 BC AR Denarius (serrated)
L. Lucretius Trio 75 BC AR Denarius	C. Egnatius Cn. F. Cn. N. Maxsumus 75 BC AR Denarius	Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus 76-75 BC AR Denarius	Mn. Aquillius Mn. f. Mn. n. 71 BC AR Denarius (serrated)
L. Cassius Longinus 63 BC AR Denarius	L. Scribonius Libo 62 BC AR Denarius	M. Aemilius Lepidus c. 61 BC AR Denarius	M. Aemilius Scaurus & P. Plautius Hypsaeus 58 BC AR Denarius
P. Fonteius P.f. Capito c. 55 BC AR Denarius	Aulus Plautius 55 BC AR Denarius	Q. Cassius Longinus 55 BC AR Denarius	Q. Servilius Caepio Brutus = M. Junius Brutus, 54 BC AR Denarius
T. Carisius 46 BC AR Denarius	M. Porcius Cato Uticenis 47 BC - 46 BC AR Quinarius	Julius Caesar 49 BC - 48 BC AR Denarius	Octavian & Mark Antony 41 BC AR plated Denarius
Sextus Pompey b. 67 BC - d. 35 BC AE As	Mark Antony b. 83 BC - d. 30 BC AR Denarius (Legionary type)	Mark Antony b. 83 BC - d. 30 BC AR Denarius (Legionary type)

The Republic
The Julio-Claudian Emperors
The Flavian, Adoptive and Antonine Emperors
The Severan Emperors
The Barrack Room Emperors
The Gallic Empire
The Soldier Emperors
The Tetrarchy, Constantine and Licinius
The heirs of Constantine
The Valentinian Emperors to the Fall
Roman Imitative Coins

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