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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Judean & Biblical Coins| ▸ |Jewish Revolts| ▸ |First Jewish Revolt||View Options:  |  |  |   

Coins of the First Jewish Revolt, 66 - 70 A.D.

Discontent and inept rule led to open rebellion in 66 A.D. The Romans distracted by the Civil Wars following the death of Nero were unable to put a speedy end to the revolt. But, in 70 A.D. Titus, son of the new Emperor Vespasian captured and sacked Jerusalem and destroyed the temple.

The First Jewish Revolt, 66 - 70 A.D.

|First| |Jewish| |Revolt|, |The| |First| |Jewish| |Revolt,| |66| |-| |70| |A.D.||shekel|
Discontent and inept rule led to open rebellion in 66 A.D. The Romans, distracted by the Civil Wars following the death of Nero, were unable to put a speedy end to the revolt. But in 70 A.D., Titus captured and sacked Jerusalem and destroyed the temple.
SH33191. Silver shekel, Hendin 6387, aEF, weight 14.324 g, maximum diameter 21.6 mm, die axis 0o, Jerusalem mint, year 2, 67 - 68 A.D.; obverse "Shekel of Israel" in Hebrew, Omer cup with pearled rim, date above (year 2); reverse Paleo-Hebrew: Jerusalem the Holy, stem with three pomegranates; SOLD


|First| |Jewish| |Revolt|, |The| |First| |Jewish| |Revolt,| |66| |-| |70| |A.D.||shekel|
In 67, Vespasian arrived in Ptolemais, along with Legio X Fretensis and Legio V Macedonica to put down the Jewish Revolt. He was joined by his son Titus, who brought Legio XV Apollinaris from Alexandria. By late the spring the Roman army numbered more than 60,000 soldiers, including auxiliaries and troops of king Agrippa II.
SH28932. Silver shekel, Hendin 6387, EF, weight 13.496 g, maximum diameter 21.7 mm, die axis 0o, Jerusalem mint, year 2, 67 - 68 A.D.; obverse "Shekel of Israel" in Hebrew, Omer cup with pearled rim, date above (year 2); reverse Paleo-Hebrew: Jerusalem the Holy, stem with three pomegranates; SOLD


|First| |Jewish| |Revolt|, |The| |First| |Jewish| |Revolt,| |66| |-| |70| |A.D.||shekel|
On 9 June 68, the Roman Emperor Nero committed suicide four miles outside Rome. He was deserted by the Praetorian Guard and then stabbed himself in the throat.
SH48298. Silver shekel, Meshorer TJC 202a, VF, toned, weight 13.250 g, maximum diameter 23.1 mm, die axis 0o, Jerusalem mint, year 3, 68 - 69 A.D.; obverse "Shekel of Israel" in Hebrew, Omer cup with pearled rim, date above (year 3); reverse stem with three pomegranates, "Jerusalem the Holy" in Hebrew around; SOLD


Otho, 15 January 69 - 17 April 69 A.D., Antioch, Seleucis and Pieria, Syria

|Antioch|, |Otho,| |15| |January| |69| |-| |17| |April| |69| |A.D.,| |Antioch,| |Seleucis| |and| |Pieria,| |Syria||as|
Gaius Licinius Mucianus (named on this coin) was governor of Syria. When he failed to put down the Jewish revolt, Vespasian was sent to replace him. After the death of Galba, Mucianus and Vespasian both swore allegiance to Otho. Mucianus persuaded Vespasian to take up arms against Vitellius, who had seized the throne. They agreed Vespasian would settle affairs in the East, while Mucianus made would attack Vitellius. On his way to Rome, Mucianus defeated a Dacian invasion of Moesia. Mucianus reached Rome the day after Vitellius' death. Mucianus never wavered in his allegiance to Vespasian and was appointed consul for the third time in 72. As no mention is made of Mucianus during the reigns of Titus or Domitian, he probably died during the reign of Vespasian.
RP85562. Bronze as, McAlee 319 (ex. rare, same dies), cf. RPC 4316 (not specifying obverse legend direction), aVF, nice portrait, dark patina with buff earthen highlighting, spots of light corrosion, obverse legend mostly weak or off flan, weight 11.757 g, maximum diameter 27.9 mm, die axis 0o, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, 15 Jan 69 - 17 Apr 69 A.D.; obverse IMP M OT-HO - CAE AVG (counterclockwise from upper left), head laureate right, dot in field behind; reverse EΠI / MOYKIA/NOY AN/TIOXEΩ/N ET ZIP (legate Mucianus, of Antioch, year 117) in five lines within a linear circle in a laurel wreath; this variant with a counterclockwise obverse legend is extremely rare; ex Gemini auction XIII (6 Apr 2017), lot 158, ex Jyrki Muona Collection; SOLD


|First| |Jewish| |Revolt|, |The| |First| |Jewish| |Revolt,| |66| |-| |70| |A.D.||eighth| |shekel|
On 14 April 70 A.D. Titus surrounded Jerusalem. He allowed pilgrims to enter to celebrate Passover but this was a trap to put pressure on supplies of food and water; he refused to allow them to leave. On 10 May he began his assault on the walls. The third wall fell on 25 May. The second wall fell on 30 May. On 20 July Titus stormed the Temple Mount. On 4 August 70 A.D. Titus destroyed the Temple. The Jewish fast of Tisha B'Av mourns the Fall of Jerusalem annually on this date.
JD98832. Bronze eighth shekel, Sofaer 47, Kadman III 37, Hendin 6398 (S), Meshorer TJC 214, SNG ANS 455, BMC Palestine -, VF, bold strike, choice obverse, broad flan, attractive brown tone, obverse edge beveled, pre-strike casting sprue remnants, weight 7.376 g, maximum diameter 22.4 mm, die axis 0o, 69 - 70 A.D. mint, Year 4, 69 - 70 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew counterclockwise inscription: To the redemption of Zion, Omer cup with a pearled rim; reverse Paleo-Hebrew counterclockwise inscription: Year four, Lulav (myrtle, palm and willow branches tied together), flanked on each side by an etrog (citron - small lemon like fruit); from an Israeli collection, ex Fritz Rudolf Künker; scarce; SOLD


|First| |Jewish| |Revolt|, |The| |First| |Jewish| |Revolt,| |66| |-| |70| |A.D.||eighth| |shekel|
On 14 April 70 A.D. Titus surrounded Jerusalem. He allowed pilgrims to enter to celebrate Passover but this was a trap to put pressure on supplies of food and water; he refused to allow them to leave. On 10 May he began his assault on the walls. The third wall fell on 25 May. The second wall fell on 30 May. On 20 July Titus stormed the Temple Mount. On 4 August 70 A.D. Titus destroyed the Temple. The Jewish fast of Tisha B'Av mourns the Fall of Jerusalem annually on this date.
JD86547. Bronze eighth shekel, Sofaer 47, Kadman III 37, Hendin 6398 (S), Meshorer TJC 214, SNG ANS 455, BMC Palestine -, VF, well centered, highlighting earthen deposits, weight 5.778 g, maximum diameter 19.8 mm, die axis 0o, 69 - 70 A.D. mint, year 4, 69 - 70 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew: To the redemption of Zion, Omer cup with a pearled rim; reverse Paleo-Hebrew: Year four, Lulav (myrtle, palm and willow branches tied together), flanked on each side by an etrog (citron - small lemon like fruit); from the David Cannon Collection, ex Beast Coins; SOLD


|First| |Jewish| |Revolt|, |The| |First| |Jewish| |Revolt,| |66| |-| |70| |A.D.||eighth| |shekel|
On 14 April 70 A.D. Titus surrounded Jerusalem. He allowed pilgrims to enter to celebrate Passover but this was a trap to put pressure on supplies of food and water; he refused to allow them to leave. On 10 May he began his assault on the walls. The third wall fell on 25 May. The second wall fell on 30 May. On 20 July Titus stormed the Temple Mount. On 4 August 70 A.D. Titus destroyed the Temple. The Jewish fast of Tisha B'Av mourns the Fall of Jerusalem annually on this date.
JD111381. Bronze eighth shekel, Sofaer 47, Kadman III 37, Hendin 6398 (S), Meshorer TJC 214, SNG ANS 455, BMC Palestine -, VF, well centered, green patina, earthen deposits, scratches, reverse edge beveled, weight 5.813 g, maximum diameter 20.3 mm, die axis 0o, Jerusalem mint, year 4, 69 - 70 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew: To the redemption of Zion, Omer cup with a pearled rim; reverse Paleo-Hebrew: Year four, Lulav (myrtle, palm and willow branches tied together), flanked on each side by an etrog (citron - small lemon like fruit); SOLD


|First| |Jewish| |Revolt|, |The| |First| |Jewish| |Revolt,| |66| |-| |70| |A.D.||eighth| |shekel|
On 14 April 70 A.D. Titus surrounded Jerusalem. He allowed pilgrims to enter to celebrate Passover but this was a trap to put pressure on supplies of food and water; he refused to allow them to leave. On 10 May he began his assault on the walls. The third wall fell on 25 May. The second wall fell on 30 May. On 20 July Titus stormed the Temple Mount. On 4 August 70 A.D. Titus destroyed the Temple. The Jewish fast of Tisha B'Av mourns the Fall of Jerusalem annually on this date.
JD111611. Bronze eighth shekel, Sofaer 47, Kadman III 37, Hendin 6398 (S), Meshorer TJC 214, SNG ANS 455, BMC Palestine -, Choice VF, complete legends, applied patina, reverse edge beveled, small edge split, weight 5.059 g, maximum diameter 19.1 mm, die axis 0o, Jerusalem mint, year 4, 69 - 70 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew: To the redemption of Zion, Omer cup with a pearled rim; reverse Paleo-Hebrew: Year four, Lulav (myrtle, palm and willow branches tied together), flanked on each side by an etrog (citron - small lemon like fruit); from the collection of a Texas clergyman, professionally cleaned and patina enhanced by J.P. Fontanille; ex Zurqieh (UAE); SOLD


|First| |Jewish| |Revolt|, |The| |First| |Jewish| |Revolt,| |66| |-| |70| |A.D.||eighth| |shekel|
The Omer is a sacrifice of fresh fruits as specified in Leviticus 2:9-11. The cup itself is the golden vessel that contained the Omer and was used on the second day of Passover when a measure of barley, a tenth of an epah, equal to one and a half pints of fine flour, was offered to the Temple as the fresh fruits of the field. The waving of the cup in different directions during the offering corresponded to the waving of the lulav. The addition of the pomegranate for the reverse design served as a symbol with a variety of interpretations. One belief was that by eating it your merits would will increase by the number of seeds in the fruit. Another belief was that there were 613 seeds in the fruit, thus equating it with the number of commandments in the Torah.
SH21138. Bronze eighth shekel, Sofaer 47, Kadman III 37, Hendin 6398 (S), Meshorer TJC 214, SNG ANS 455, BMC Palestine -, gVF, weight 5.226 g, maximum diameter 19.8 mm, die axis 0o, 69 - 70 A.D. mint, year 4, 69 - 70 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew: To the redemption of Zion, Omer cup with a pearled rim; reverse Paleo-Hebrew: Year four, Lulav (myrtle, palm and willow branches tied together), flanked on each side by an etrog (citron - small lemon like fruit); SOLD


|First| |Jewish| |Revolt|, |The| |First| |Jewish| |Revolt,| |66| |-| |70| |A.D.||eighth| |shekel|
Lulav is a ripe, green, closed frond of the date palm tree. It is one of the Four Species used in the daily prayer services during the Jewish holiday of Sukkot. The other species are the hadass (myrtle), aravah (willow), and etrog (citron). Each type of plant represents different parts of your body because it shows that you worship God with all of your body. To qualify for use as one of the Four Species, the lulav must be ramrod straight, with whole leaves that lay closely together, and not be bent or broken at the top. The term Lulav also refers to the lulav in combination with two of the other species—thearavah and the hadass—that are bound together to perform the mitzvah of waving the lulav. These three species are held in one hand while the etrog is held in the other. The user brings his or her hands together and waves the species in all four directions, plus up and down, to attest to God 's mastery over all of creation. This ritual also symbolically voices a prayer for adequate rainfall over all the earth 's vegetation in the coming year.
SH13098. Bronze eighth shekel, Sofaer 47, Kadman III 37, Hendin 6398 (S), Meshorer TJC 214, SNG ANS 455, BMC Palestine -, gVF, weight 3.38 g, maximum diameter 17.3 mm, die axis 0o, 69 - 70 A.D. mint, year 4, 69 - 70 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew: To the redemption of Zion, Omer cup with a pearled rim; reverse Paleo-Hebrew: Year four, Lulav (myrtle, palm and willow branches tied together), flanked on each side by an etrog (citron - small lemon like fruit); SOLD




  




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REFERENCES

Ariel, D. "A Survey of Coin Finds in Jerusalem until the end of the Byzantine Period" in Liber Annuus 32 (1982), pp. 273 - 326.
Baramki, D. The Coin Collection of the American University of Beirut Museum. (Beirut, 1974).
Deutsch, R. Jewish Coinage During the First Revolt Against Rome 66 – 73 CE. (Tel Aviv, 2017).
Fontanille, J. Menorah Coin Project, website: http://menorahcoinproject.com/
Hendin, D. Guide to Biblical Coins, 6th Edition. (Amphora, 2021).
Hill, G. Catalogue of Greek Coins in the British Museum: Palestine. (London, 1914).
Kadman, L. The Coinage of Caesarea Maritima. Corpus Nummorum Palaestinensium II. (Jerusalem, 1957).
Mattingly H. & E. Sydenham. The Roman Imperial Coinage, Vol II, Vespasian to Hadrian. (London, 1926).
Kadman, L. The Coins of the Jewish War of 66-73. Corpus Nummorum Palestinensium III. (Jerusalem, 1960).
Meshorer, Y. Ancient Jewish Coinage. (New York, 1982).
Meshorer, Y. A Treasury of Jewish Coins from the Persian Period to Bar Kokhba. (Jerusalem, 2001).
Meshorer, Y., et al. Coins of the Holy Land: The Abraham and Marian Sofaer Collection at the American Numismatic Society and The Israel Museum. ACNAC 8. (New York, 2013)
Meshorer, Y. "The Coins of Masada" in Masada I: Yigael Yadin Excavation 1963-1965: Final Report. (Jerusalem, 1989), pp. 71 - 132.
Roman Provincial Coinage Online - http://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/
Rosenberger, M. The Rosenberger Israel Collection. (Jerusalem, 1972 - 1978).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Denmark, The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum, Vol. 7: Cyprus to India. (West Milford, NJ, 1982).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, U.S.A., The Collection of the American Numismatic Society, Part 6: Palestine - South Arabia. (New York, 1981).

SYMBOLS ON THE FIRST JEWISH REVOLT COINAGE

The Amphora: Three kinds of liquids were used in the temple water, oil and wine. Water and wine were used for libation. Oil was used for the meal offering, in bread eaten by the priests and for lighting. The purest oil was reserved for the Menorah. At the time of the First Jewish Revolt, the Menorah was considered too sacred to depict on coins. The Amphora depicted may be the vessel that held the oil for the Menorah.

The Grape and Grape Vine: Grapes, the vine and wine were an important part of the ancient economy and ritual. Grapes were brought to the Temple as offerings of the first-fruits and wine was offered upon the altar. The vine and grapes decorated the sacred vessels in the sanctuary and a golden vine with clusters of grapes stood at its entrance.

Catalog current as of Tuesday, March 19, 2024.
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