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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Roman Coins| ▸ |Crisis & Decline| ▸ |Trebonianus Gallus||View Options:   | | | Trebonianus Gallus was proclaimed emperor by the Roman army after the defeat and death of Trajan Decius. Gallus signed a humiliating treaty with the Goths, before spending the next couple of years repelling barbarian incursions in both the North and East of the empire. Gallus was murdered, along with his son, by his own forces after the usurper Aemilian defeated them in battle. |
The last regular tetradrachms minted at Antioch were struck during Gallus' second consulate. Prieur notes, "It is highly likely that the debasement of these issues made them so unreliable in the eyes of the public that a new system had to be developed. Since a system based on the antoninianus already existed in the western part of the empire, it naturally replaced the tetradrachm in the East."SH59993. Billon tetradrachm, RPC Online IX 1831 McAlee 1177(c) (rare); Prieur 676; BMC Galatia p. 228, 644; Dura Coins 599; SNG Cop 291, EF, some mint luster, weight 12.189 g, maximum diameter 25.9 mm, die axis 180o, 3rd officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, second issue, 252 - Jul/Aug 253 A.D.; obverse AYTOK K Γ OYIB TPEB ΓAΛΛOC CEB, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, ••• below; reverse ΔHMAPX EΞOYCIAC YΠA TO B (holder of Tribunitian power, consul for the 2nd time), eagle standing facing, wings open, head right, wreath in beak, Γ between legs, S C (senatus consulto) in exergue; rare; SOLD
Trebonianus Gallus, June or July 251 - July or August 253 A.D., Neapolis, Samaria, Syria Palestina
Neapolis, Samaria, the biblical Shechemis, is now Nablus, Israel. It is the site of Joseph's Tomb and Jacob's well. Jesus spoke here to a Samaritan woman. Neapolis is home to about half the remaining worldwide Samaritan population of 600.RP98109. Bronze AE 27, Sofaer 233 (same dies), RPC Online IX 2170 (6 spec.), SNG ANS 1040, Harl Neapolis 150, Baramki AUB 58, Rosenberger -, BMC Palestine -, aVF, well centered, dark brown tone with earthen highlighting, weight 13.375 g, maximum diameter 26.2 mm, die axis 0o, Neapolis (Nablus, Israel) mint, 251 - 253 A.D.; obverse IMP C C VIB TRIB GALLO AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse COL - NEAPO-LIS *, she-wolf standing right, head turned back left, Romulus and Remus suckling below, Mount Gerizim above, comprised of two masses separated by a ravine, arched colonnade below, temple on left peak, altar on right peak; ex Menashe Landman Collection; only one sale of this type recorded on Coin Archives for the last two decades; very rare; SOLD
Trebonianus Gallus, June or July 251 - July or August 253 A.D.
| Libertas (Latin for Liberty) was the Roman goddess and embodiment of liberty. The pileus liberatis was a soft felt cap worn by liberated slaves of Troy and Asia Minor. In late Republican Rome, the pileus was symbolically given to slaves upon manumission, granting them not only their personal liberty, but also freedom as citizens with the right to vote (if male). Following the assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 B.C., Brutus and his co-conspirators used the pileus to signify the end of Caesar's dictatorship and a return to a Republican system of government. The pileus was adopted as a popular symbol of freedom during the French Revolution and was also depicted on some U.S. coins. On the Seated Liberty dollar, Liberty raises up a pileus (freedom cap) on a rod (liberty pole). |  |
In Roman Coins and their Values III, David Sear notes, "Under Trebonianus Gallus the fineness of the antoninianus is generally around 35% whilst the average weight is about 3.4 grams."RS93312. Silver antoninianus, RSC IV 2e, RIC IV 79 (S), SRCV III 9622, Hunter III 56 var. (1st officina), Choice EF, broad heavy flan, excellent centering, sharp portrait, light tone, slight porosity, tiny encrustations, weight 5.493 g, maximum diameter 22.2 mm, die axis 180o, 2nd officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, 251 - 252 A.D.; obverse IMP C C VIB TREB GALLVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind, two pellets below; reverse ADVENTVS AVG (arrival of the Emperor), Emperor on horseback left, raising right hand in salute, transverse scepter in left hand, two pellets in exergue; from the Errett Bishop Collection; scarce; SOLD
Juno was the patron deity of Trebonianus Gallus. The epithet Martialis literally means "of or belonging to Mars" or "warlike," but the depictions of Juno Martialis on the coins are not warlike. The epithet may refer to Juno as the mother of Mars. Or perhaps she is Juno of March - her festival was on 7 March. Perhaps the title refers to her temple in the Campus Martius, the old "Field of Mars" down by the Tiber. She is sometimes equated with Juno Perusina, as Perugia was where Trebonianus Gallus came from, and as such is sometimes called Juno Martialis Perusina by modern scholars.RB85509. Orichalcum sestertius, RIC IV 110a (R), Banti 14, Cohen V 50, SRCV III 9670, Hunter - (p. cv), aVF/F, tight ragged flan cutting off most of the legends, area of corrosion on the reverse, weight 10.908 g, maximum diameter 25.7 mm, die axis 225o, Rome mint, 251 - 253 A.D.; obverse IMP CAES C VIBIVS TREBONIANVS GALLVS AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse IVNONI MARTIALIS, Shrine of Juno Martialis: domed, distyle rotunda with Corinthian columns, garlands hanging below dome; statue of Juno seated facing within holding two stalks of grain in extended right; rare; SOLD
Trebonianus Gallus, June or July 251 - July or August 253 A.D., Antioch, Seleucis and Pieria, Syria
The last regular tetradrachms minted at Antioch were struck during Gallus' second consulate. Prieur notes, "It is highly likely that the debasement of these issues made them so unreliable in the eyes of the public that a new system had to be developed. Since a system based on the antoninianus already existed in the western part of the empire, it naturally replaced the tetradrachm in the East."RY97234. Billon tetradrachm, RPC Online IX 1822 (9 spec.); McAlee 1176(a) (scarce); Prieur 671; BMC Galatia p. 228, 649; SNG Munich 103; Dura Coins 590, gVF, nice portrait, flow lines, debased coppery surfaces with only traces of silver, part of obverse legend unstruck, scattered porosity, weight 11.543 g, maximum diameter 27.8 mm, die axis 135o, 1st officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, second issue, 252 - 253 A.D.; obverse AYTOK K Γ OYIB TPEB ΓAΛΛOC CEB, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind, • below; reverse ΔHMAPX EΞOYCIAC YΠATO B (holder of Tribunitian power, consul for the 2nd time), eagle standing slightly right, head and tail left, wings open, wreath in beak, A between legs, S C (senatus consulto) in exergue; scarce; SOLD
Pietas in traditional Latin usage expressed a complex, highly valued Roman virtue; a man or woman with pietas respected his or her responsibilities to the gods, family, other people, and entities (such as the state), and understood his or her place in society with respect to others.RS70885. Silver antoninianus, RIC IV 42 (S), RSC IV 84a, Hunter III 10, SRCV III 9642, aVF, toned, weight 3.486 g, maximum diameter 22.3 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 251 - 253 A.D.; obverse IMP CAE C VIB TREB GALLVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse PIETAS AVGG (to the piety of the two emperors), Pietas standing facing, head left, raising both hands in prayer, star right; scarce; SOLD
It seems Felicitas disregarded the reverse of this coin, which was dedicated to her in the hope of promoting the good fortune of the people. In 251 A.D., a fifteen-year plague began in the Roman Empire.SL89814. Silver antoninianus, RSC IV 34, RIC IV 82, SRCV III 9628, Hunter III - (p. cvi), NGC Ch AU, strike 5/5, surface 4/5 (2412807-062), weight 3.58 g, maximum diameter 20.1 mm, die axis 0o, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, 251 - 252 A.D.; obverse IMP C C VIB TREB GALLVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse FELICITAS PVBL, Felicitas standing left, turreted, long grounded caduceus vertical in right hand, scepter in left hand; from the Martineit Collection of Ancient and World Coins; NGC| Lookup; SOLD
Juno was the patron deity of Trebonianus Gallus. The epithet Martialis literally means "of or belonging to Mars" or "warlike," but the depictions of Juno Martialis on the coins are not warlike. The epithet may refer to Juno as the mother of Mars. Or perhaps she is Juno of March - her festival was on 7 March. Perhaps the title refers to her temple in the Campus Martius, the old "Field of Mars" down by the Tiber. She is sometimes equated with Juno Perusina, as Perugia was where Trebonianus Gallus came from, and as such is sometimes called Juno Martialis Perusina by modern scholars.RS92349. Billon antoninianus, RIC IV 83 (S), Hunter 58 var. (1st officina), RSC IV 47 var. (4th officina), SRCV III -, Choice gVF, well centered, toned, flow lines, small edge crack, weight 4.891 g, maximum diameter 22.3 mm, die axis 0o, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, 251 A.D.; obverse IMP C C VIB TREB GALLVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind, no officina mark; reverse IVNO MARTIALIS (Juno Mother of Mars?), Juno seated left, stalks of grain downward in right hand, long transverse scepter in left hand, no officina mark; scarce; SOLD
Trebonianus Gallus, June or July 251 - July or August 253 A.D., Antioch, Seleucis & Pieria, Syria
The last regular tetradrachms minted at Antioch were struck during Gallus' second consulate. Prieur notes, "It is highly likely that the debasement of these issues made them so unreliable in the eyes of the public that a new system had to be developed. Since a system based on the antoninianus already existed in the western part of the empire, it naturally replaced the tetradrachm in the East."RY97236. Billon tetradrachm, RPC Online IX 1831 (10 spec.); McAlee 1177(c) (rare); Prieur 676; BMC Galatia p. 228, 644; Dura Coins 599; SNG Cop 291, aEF, well centered and struck, porous, weight 12.695 g, maximum diameter 27.4 mm, die axis 180o, 3rd officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, second issue, 252 - Jul/Aug 253 A.D.; obverse AYTOK K Γ OYIB TPEB ΓAΛΛOC CEB, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind, ••• below; reverse ΔHMAPX EΞOYCIAC YΠA TO B (holder of Tribunitian power, consul for the 2nd time), eagle standing slightly left, wings open, head right, wreath in beak, Γ between legs, S C (senatus consulto) in exergue; rare; SOLD
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