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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Roman Coins| ▸ |Crisis & Decline| ▸ |Otacilia Severa||View Options:  |  |  |   

Otacilia Severa, Augusta February or March 244 - September or October 249 A.D.

Severa and Philip may have been the first Christian imperial couple. They were certainly tolerant towards Christianity and ended the persecution. It may have been through her intervention, for instance, that Saint Babylas the Bishop of Antioch was saved from persecution. Their beliefs are, however, unproven. Severa was in Rome at that time and when the news of her husband's death arrived. Their son was murdered in her arms by the Praetorian Guard. Severa survived and lived on in obscurity.

Philip I and Otacilia Severa, 244 - 249 A.D., Marcianopolis, Moesia Inferior

|Marcianopolis|, |Philip| |I| |and| |Otacilia| |Severa,| |244| |-| |249| |A.D.,| |Marcianopolis,| |Moesia| |Inferior||pentassarion|
Hermes was the messenger of the gods and the god of commerce and thieves. He was the son of Zeus and the nymph Maia. His symbols include the caduceus and winged sandals.
RP36495. Bronze pentassarion, Varbanov I 2078, AMNG I/I 1202, aEF, weight 13.702 g, maximum diameter 27.9 mm, die axis 195o, Markianopolis (Devnya, Bulgaria) mint, consular legate Prastina Messallinus, 244 - 247; obverse AYT M IOYΛ ΦIΛIΠΠOC AVΓ M WTAK CEBHPA C, confronting draped busts of Philip, on left, and Otacilia; reverse YΠ ΠPACT MECCAΛΛEINOY MAPKIANOΠOΛEITΩN, Hermes standing half-right, head left, holding purse and caduceus, nude but for cloak hanging on forearm, E (mark of value) in left field; ex H.D. Rauch 82, 488; unusual fine condition for a provincial bronze; SOLD


|Otacilia| |Severa|, |Otacilia| |Severa,| |Augusta,| |February| |or| |March| |244| |-| |September| |or| |October| |249| |A.D.||sestertius|
In Roman religion, Concordia was the goddess of agreement, understanding, and marital harmony. The cult of Concordia Augusta ("Majestic Harmony") was of special importance to the imperial household. She is usually depicted wearing a long cloak and holding a patera (sacrificial bowl), a cornucopia (symbol of prosperity), or a caduceus (symbol of peace).
RB68880. Orichalcum sestertius, RIC IV 203a, Cohen V 10, Hunter III 14, SRCV III 9164, Nice gVF, centered, superb as-found green patina, weight 20.216 g, maximum diameter 30.8 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 244 - 249 A.D.; obverse MARCIA OTACIL SEVERA AVG, diademed draped bust right; reverse CONCORDIA AVGG (harmony between the two emperors), Concordia seated left, patera in right hand, double cornucopia in left hand, S C (senatus consulto) in exergue; from the Jyrki Muona Collection; SOLD


|Otacilia| |Severa|, |Otacilia| |Severa,| |Augusta,| |February| |or| |March| |244| |-| |September| |or| |October| |249| |A.D.||antoninianus|
In Roman religion, Concordia was the goddess of agreement, understanding, and marital harmony. The cult of Concordia Augusta ("Majestic Harmony") was of special importance to the imperial household. She is usually depicted wearing a long cloak and holding a patera (sacrificial bowl), a cornucopia (symbol of prosperity), or a caduceus (symbol of peace).
RS68284. Silver antoninianus, RIC IV 129, RSC IV 16, Hunter III 7, SRCV III 9150, Choice aEF, attractive portrait, weight 4.657 g, maximum diameter 21.6 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, c. 247 A.D.; obverse OTACIL SEVERA AVG, draped bust right set on crescent; reverse CONCORDIA AVGG (harmony between the two emperors), Concordia seated left, patera in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, altar at feet; scarce; SOLD


|Otacilia| |Severa|, |Otacilia| |Severa,| |Augusta,| |February| |or| |March| |244| |-| |September| |or| |October| |249| |A.D.||sestertius|
Pudicitia, modesty and chastity, was for Romans the highest regarded female virtue. For an unmarried girl, pudicitia meant virginity. For a wife, it meant faithfulness and devotion to her husband. Romans loved the story of Arria, an ultimate example of Roman pudicitia. When the emperor Claudius ordered her husband Paetus to end his own life, he hesitated. Arria took his dagger and stabbed herself to set an example, saying, "Paetus, it doesn't hurt."
RB76158. Orichalcum sestertius, RIC IV 209a, Cohen V 55, SRCV III 9169, Hunter III - (p. cxi), Choice VF, excellent portrait, well centered on a broad flan, flan cracks, weight 23.548 g, maximum diameter 32.4 mm, die axis 45o, Rome mint, c. 244 - 245 A.D.; obverse MARCIA OTACIL SEVERA AVG, diademed draped bust right; reverse PVDICITIA AVG (virtue of the Empress), Pudicitia seated left, drawing veil from face with right hand, long transverse scepter in left hand, S C (senatus consulto) in exergue; SOLD


Philip I and Otacilia Severa, 244 - 249 A.D., Marcianopolis, Moesia Inferior

|Marcianopolis|, |Philip| |I| |and| |Otacilia| |Severa,| |244| |-| |249| |A.D.,| |Marcianopolis,| |Moesia| |Inferior||pentassarion|
The Greeks and Romans did not view snakes as evil creatures but rather as symbols and tools for healing and fertility. Asclepius, the son of Apollo and Koronis, learned the secrets of keeping death at bay after observing one snake bringing another snake healing herbs. Woman seeking fertility, the sick, and the injured slept in his temples in chambers where non-poisonous snakes were left to crawl on the floor and provide healing.
RP83492. Bronze pentassarion, H-J Marcianopolis 6.41.22.1 (R6), Varbanov I 2083, AMNG I/I 1206, Mouchmov 850, BMC Thrace -, SNG Cop -, gVF, green patina, porous, small edge splits, central cavities, weight 12.529 g, maximum diameter 29.4 mm, die axis 180o, Markianopolis (Devnya, Bulgaria) mint, consular legate Prastina Messallinus, 244 - 247; obverse AYT M IOYΛ ΦIΛIΠΠOC AVΓ M WTAK, CEBHPAC / E (ending in two lines in exergue), confronted busts of Philip I on left, facing right, laureate, draped, and cuirassed, and Otacilia Severa, on right, facing left, diademed and draped; reverse YΠ ΠPACT MECCAΛΛEINOY MAPKIANOΠOΛEIT,ΩN (final two letters in column in right field), serpent in four coils, erect head nimbate right, E (mark of value) in left field; SOLD


|Otacilia| |Severa|, |Otacilia| |Severa,| |February| |or| |March| |244| |-| |September| |or| |October| |249| |A.D.||sestertius|
Pietas in traditional Latin usage expressed a complex, highly valued Roman virtue; a man or woman with pietas respected his or her responsibilities to the gods, family, other people and entities (such as the state), and understood his or her place in society with respect to others.
RB76218. Orichalcum sestertius, RIC IV P208a, Cohen V 46, Hunter III 23, SRCV III 9168, Choice VF, excellent portrait, well centered, nice green patina, reverse double struck, flan cracks, weight 14.922 g, maximum diameter 29.5 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 245 - 247 A.D.; obverse MARCIA OTACIL SEVERA AVG, diademed draped bust right; reverse PIETAS AVGSTAE (piety of the Emperor), Pietas standing slightly left, head left, raising right hand, box of perfume in left hand, S - C (senatus consulto) flanking low across field; SOLD


|Otacilia| |Severa|, |Otacilia| |Severa,| |Augusta,| |February| |or| |March| |244| |-| |September| |or| |October| |249| |A.D.||antoninianus|
Pudicitia was the personification of modesty and chastity. The empress Lucilla apparently felt she had too much chastity and her husband too little. It was not considered adultery for a Roman husband to have sex with slaves or unmarried women. The historian Spartianus wrote that after Lucilla complained, Lucius Verus reproached her: "Uxor enim dignitatis nomen est, non voluptatis" (Wife is the name of dignity, not bliss).
RS41834. Silver antoninianus, RIC IV 123c, RSC IV 53, Hunter III 2, SRCV III 9159, EF/VF, weight 4.186 g, maximum diameter 24.0 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 244 - 245 A.D.; obverse MARCIA OTACIL SEVERA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on a crescent; reverse PVDICITIA AVG (virtue of the Empress), Pudicitia seated left, drawing veil from face with right hand, long transverse scepter in left hand; superb fine style portrait, full circles centering, reverse a bit soft and struck with a worn die; SOLD


|Otacilia| |Severa|, |Otacilia| |Severa,| |Augusta,| |February| |or| |March| |244| |-| |September| |or| |October| |249| |A.D.||antoninianus|
Severa and Philip may have been the first Christian imperial couple. They were certainly tolerant towards Christianity and ended the persecution. It may have been through her intervention, for instance, that Saint Babylas the Bishop of Antioch was saved from persecution. Their beliefs are, however, unproven. Severa was in Rome at that time and when the news of her husband's death arrived. Their son was murdered in her arms by the Praetorian Guard. Otacilia Severa survived and lived on in obscurity.
RS87320. Silver antoninianus, RIC IV 115, RSC IV 39, SRCV III 9157, Hunter III - (p. xcii), gVF/aVF, masterpiece portrait, toned, well centered, reverse struck with a worn die, weight 4.180 g, maximum diameter 23.3 mm, die axis 0o, 4th officina, Rome mint, c. 248 A.D.; obverse OTACIL SEVERA AVG, diademed and draped bust right on a crescent; reverse PIETAS AVGG (to the piety of the Emperor), Pietas standing left, extending right, box of perfumes with lid open in left, Δ over lit altar at feet left; ex Roma Numismatics e-sale 46, part of lot 1033; SOLD


|Otacilia| |Severa|, |Otacilia| |Severa,| |Augusta,| |February| |or| |March| |244| |-| |September| |or| |October| |249| |A.D.||antoninianus|
In Roman religion, Concordia was the goddess of agreement, understanding, and marital harmony. The cult of Concordia Augusta ("Majestic Harmony") was of special importance to the imperial household. She is usually depicted wearing a long cloak and holding a patera (sacrificial bowl), a cornucopia (symbol of prosperity), or a caduceus (symbol of peace).
RS26704. Silver antoninianus, RIC IV 126, RSC IV 17, SRCV III 9149, Hunter III - (p. xci), EF, nice portrait, weight 3.503 g, maximum diameter 23.2 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 246 - 248 A.D.; obverse M OTACIL SEVERA AVG, draped bust right set on crescent; reverse CONCORDIA AVGG (harmony between the two emperors), Concordia seated left, patera in right hand, single cornucopia in left hand, altar at feet on left; SOLD


Otacilia Severa, Augusta, February 244 - End of September 249 A.D., Hierapolis, Phrygia in Homonoia with Sardis

|Hierapolis|, |Otacilia| |Severa,| |Augusta,| |February| |244| |-| |End| |of| |September| |249| |A.D.,| |Hierapolis,| |Phrygia| |in| |Homonoia| |with| |Sardis||AE| |25|
This coin commemorates the homonoia (alliance) between Phrygia and Sardis. The wreaths refer to the games sponsored by each of the two cities, the ΠYΘIA games held by Hierapolis, and the XPVCANΘINA games held by Sardes.
RP77256. Bronze AE 25, Franke-Nolle, type V, 838 (Vs. A/Rs. 11); cf. Lindgren-Kovacs 976; BMC Phrygia p. 260, 175, F, weight 7.301 g, maximum diameter 25.0 mm, die axis 180o, Phrygia, Hierapolis (near Pamukkale, Turkey) mint, Feb 244 - End Sep 249 A.D.; obverse M ΩT CEVHPA, draped bust right, wearing stephane, hair in horizontal ridges, plait up the back of head; reverse IEPAΠOΛEITΩN K CAPΔ,IANΩN NEΩ/KOPΩN (ending in two lines in exergue), two wreaths side by side with inscriptions within, left wreath XPV/CAN, right wreath ΠVΘ/IA, OMONOI/A in the field above; very rare; SOLD




  




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OBVERSE LEGENDS

MARCIAOTACILIASEVERAAVG
MARCIAOTACILSEVERAAVG
MARCOTACILSEVERA
MARCOTACILSEVERAAVG
MOTACILSEVERAAVG
OTACILSEVERAAV


REFERENCES

Banti, A. & L. Simonetti. Corpus Nummorum Romanorum. (Florence, 1972-1979).
Bland, R. "Dr. Bland's List for Philip I and Family" - Summary on NumisWiki
Calicó, X. The Roman Avrei, vol. 2: From Didius Julianus to Constantius I, 193 AD - 335 AD. (Barcelona, 2003).
Cohen, H. Description historique des monnaies frappées sous l'Empire Romain, Vol. 5: Gordian I to Valerian II. (Paris, 1885).
Göbl, R. "Römischer Münzhort Tulln 1966 (Septimius Severus - Gallienus)" in NZ 83 (1969). pp. 7-57, pl. 1-48.
Mattingly, H., E. Sydenham & C. Sutherland. The Roman Imperial Coinage, Vol IV, From Pertinax to Uranius Antoninus. (London, 1986).
Muona, J. "The Antoniniani of Philip the Arab" in The Celator, Feb. 2002, p. 10.
Muona, J. "The Imperial mints of Philip the Arab" - https://www.forumancientcoins.com/Articles/Philip_Arab/index.html
Óvári, F. "Philippus antiochiai veretu antoninianusairól" in Numizmatikai Közlöny 88/89 (1989/90), pp. 41 - 48.
Robinson, A. Roman Imperial Coins in the Hunter Coin Cabinet, University of Glasgow, Vol. III. Pertinax to Aemilian. (Oxford, 1977).
Schaad, D. & J. Lafaurie. Le trésor d 'Eauze. (Toulouse, 1992).
Seaby, H. & D. Sear. Roman Silver Coins, Volume IV, Gordian III to Postumus. (London, 1982).
Sear, D. Roman Coins and Their Values III, The Accession of Maximinus I to the Death of Carinus AD 235 - AD 285. (London, 2005).
Thibaut, M. Antoniniani from the Mint of Antioch Under the Reign of Philip the Arab (244-249 AD) - http://marchal.thibaut.free.fr/e_index.htm
Vagi, D. Coinage and History of the Roman Empire. (Sidney, 1999).

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