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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Roman Coins| ▸ |The Late Empire| ▸ |Valentinian I||View Options:  |  |  |   

Valentinian I, 25 February 364 - 17 November 375 A.D.

Upon becoming emperor Valentinian I made his brother Valens his co-emperor, giving him rule of the eastern provinces while Valentinian retained the west. During his reign, Valentinian successfully fought the Alamanni, Quadi, and Sarmatians. Most notable was his victory over the Alamanni in 367 at the Battle of Solicinium. His brilliant general Count Theodosius defeated a revolt in Africa, and the Great Conspiracy, a coordinated assault on Roman Britain by Picts, Scots, and Saxons. Valentinian was the last emperor to conduct campaigns across both the Rhine and Danube rivers. He rebuilt and improved the fortifications along the frontiers, even building fortresses in enemy territory. He founded the Valentinian Dynasty, with his sons Gratian and Valentinian II succeeding him in the western half of the empire. Due to the successful nature of his reign and almost immediate decline of the empire after his death, he is often considered the "last great western emperor."

|Valentinian| |I|, |Valentinian| |I,| |25| |February| |364| |-| |17| |November| |375| |A.D.||solidus|
The ruins of Antioch on the Orontes lie near the modern city of Antakya, Turkey. Founded near the end of the 4th century B.C. by Seleucus I Nicator, one of Alexander the Great's generals, Antioch's geographic, military and economic location, particularly the spice trade, the Silk Road, the Persian Royal Road, benefited its occupants, and eventually it rivaled Alexandria as the chief city of the Near East and as the main center of Hellenistic Judaism at the end of the Second Temple period. Antioch is called "the cradle of Christianity," for the pivotal early role it played in the emergence of the faith. It was one of the four cities of the Syrian tetrapolis. Its residents are known as Antiochenes. Once a great metropolis of half a million people, it declined to insignificance during the Middle Ages because of warfare, repeated earthquakes and a change in trade routes following the Mongol conquests, which then no longer passed through Antioch from the far east.6th Century Antioch
SH52919. Gold solidus, RIC IX Antioch 2(a)ii.2, Depeyrot 30/1, SRCV V 19270, Cohen VIII 28, Hunter V 48 var. (10th officina), aVF, scrape, weight 4.286 g, maximum diameter 21.9 mm, die axis 0o, 6th officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, 25 Feb 364 - 24 Aug 367 A.D.; obverse D N VALENTINIANVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse RESTITVTOR REIPVBLICAE, emperor standing facing, head right, labarum in right, Victory on globe in left hand, ANTS in exergue; scarce; SOLD


Valentinian I, 25 February 364 - 17 November 375 A.D.

|Valentinian| |I|, |Valentinian| |I,| |25| |February| |364| |-| |17| |November| |375| |A.D.||solidus|
The ruins of Antioch on the Orontes lie near the modern city of Antakya, Turkey. Founded near the end of the 4th century B.C. by Seleucus I Nicator, one of Alexander the Great's generals, Antioch's geographic, military and economic location, particularly the spice trade, the Silk Road, the Persian Royal Road, benefited its occupants, and eventually it rivaled Alexandria as the chief city of the Near East and as the main center of Hellenistic Judaism at the end of the Second Temple period. Antioch is called "the cradle of Christianity," for the pivotal early role it played in the emergence of the faith. It was one of the four cities of the Syrian tetrapolis. Its residents are known as Antiochenes. Once a great metropolis of half a million people, it declined to insignificance during the Middle Ages because of warfare, repeated earthquakes and a change in trade routes following the Mongol conquests, which then no longer passed through Antioch from the far east.6th Century Antioch
SH86347. Gold solidus, RIC IX Antioch 2(a)ii.4, Depeyrot 30/1, SRCV V 19270, Cohen VIII 28, Hunter V 48 var. (10th officina), aVF/gF, well centered, graffiti, scratches, bumps, small punches, weight 4.257 g, maximum diameter 21.9 mm, die axis 180o, 8th officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, 25 Feb 364 - 24 Aug 367 A.D.; obverse D N VALENTINIANVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse RESTITVTOR REIPVBLICAE, emperor standing facing, head right, labarum in right, Victory on globe in left hand, ANTH in exergue; ex H.D. Rauch, auction 101 (18 April 2016), part of lot 1856; scarce; SOLD


|Valentinian| |I|, |Valentinian| |I,| |25| |February| |364| |-| |17| |November| |375| |A.D.||solidus|
In 395, after the death of Theodosius I, the Empire was re-divided into an eastern and a western half. The eastern half, centered in Constantinople, was under Arcadius, and the western half, centered in Rome, was under his brother, Honorius.
SH11114. Gold solidus, RIC IX Nicomedia 2(a), F, clipped, punch and graffiti, weight 3.345 g, maximum diameter 19.4 mm, die axis 180o, 5th officina, Nicomedia (Izmit, Turkey) mint, 25 Feb 364 - 24 Aug 367 A.D.; obverse D N VALENTINIANVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse RESTITVTOR REIPVBLICAE, emperor standing facing, head right, holding labarum and Victory on globe, SMNE in exergue; rare (R2); SOLD


|Valentinian| |I|, |Valentinian| |I,| |25| |February| |364| |-| |17| |November| |375| |A.D.||solidus|
SH11124. Gold solidus, RIC IX Constantinopolis 5(a), VF, holed and filed, weight 4.218 g, maximum diameter 21.0 mm, die axis 0o, Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey) mint, 25 Feb 364 - 24 Aug 367 A.D.; obverse D N VALENTINIANVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse VIRTVS ROMANORVM (courage of the Romans), Valentinian and Valens stand facing, heads towards each other, each holds a spear in outer hand and together a Victory on globe who crowns them, CONS between branches in exergue; rare (RIC R2); SOLD


|Valentinian| |I|, |Valentinian| |I,| |25| |February| |364| |-| |17| |November| |375| |A.D.||solidus|
SH11118. Gold solidus, RIC IX Antioch 2(a), gF, weight 3.621 g, maximum diameter 20.0 mm, die axis 180o, 4th officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, 25 Feb 364 - 24 Aug 367 A.D.; obverse D N VALENTINIANVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse RESTITVTOR REIPVBLICAE, emperor standing facing, head right, holding labarum and Victory on globe, ANTΔ• in exergue; clipped, graffiti on both sides; SOLD


Valentinian I, 25 February 364 - 17 November 375 A.D.

|Valentinian| |I|, |Valentinian| |I,| |25| |February| |364| |-| |17| |November| |375| |A.D.||double| |maiorina|
References examined list only the first officina (TESA) striking this extremely rare type at Thessalonica. We know of examples from each of the first four officianae (A, A, Γ, Δ). There are only four examples of this type from Thessalonica on Coin Archives and only one of the four was struck by the second officina.
RL85726. Billon double maiorina, RIC IX Thessalonica 15 (R4) var. (officina), LRBC II 1701 var. (same), SRCV V 19398 var. (same), Cohen VIII 20 var. (mint), Hunter V -, gVF, well centered and struck, sharp detail, light corrosion, weight 8.389 g, maximum diameter 27.3 mm, die axis 180o, 2nd officina, Thessalonica (Salonika, Greece) mint, 25 Feb 364 - 24 Aug 367 A.D.; obverse D N VALENTINIANVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse RESTITVTOR REIPVBLICAE, emperor standing facing, head right, labarum in right, Victory on globe offering wreath in left, TESB in exergue; extremely rare; SOLD


|Valentinian| |I|, |Valentinian| |I,| |25| |February| |364| |-| |17| |November| |375| |A.D.||solidus|
"The 'Solidus' was a revision instituted about 310 by Constantine I to the Roman gold coin standard, the 'aureus'. The aureus weight had fluctuated but settled at five to the Roman ounce, which meant that it was not a standard weight since the Romans had no name for a fifth of an ounce. Constantine I struck solidi at six to the ounce, which equaled the Roman weight unit of the 'sextula'. Solidi were struck at about 98% fineness and were 20-21 mm's in diameter. With the defeat of the Licinii by Constantine in 324 the solidus became the standard Roman gold coin and remained so for over 600 years." - from Moneta Historical Research by Tom Schroer
SH08855. Gold solidus, RIC IX Cyzicus 2(b)2, F, graffiti in reverse fields, weight 4.29 g, maximum diameter 21.3 mm, die axis 180o, 3rd officina, Cyzicus (Kapu Dagh, Turkey) mint, 25 Feb 364 - 24 Aug 367 A.D.; obverse D N VALENTINIANVS P F AVG, pearl and rosette diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse RESTITVTOR REIPVLICAE, emperor standing facing head right in military garb, labarum (chi rho Christogram standard) in right, Victory holding wreath and palm on globe in left hand, *SMKΓ in exergue; very rare (R3); SOLD


|Valentinian| |I|, |Valentinian| |I,| |25| |February| |364| |-| |17| |November| |375| |A.D.||double| |maiorina|
On 1 November 365, the Alamanni crossed the Rhine and invaded Gaul. Valentinian I moved to Paris to defend the Gallic cities. Large numbers of Alamanni crossed the frozen Rhine into the Empire on 2 January 366. Valentinian moved his base to Trier and in 368 defeated the Alamanni near the Rhine.
RL98897. Billon double maiorina, RIC IX Constantinople 15 (R3), LRBC II 2065, SRCV V 19400, Cohen VIII 30 var. (mint), Hunter V - , VF, small edge cracks, weight 7.965 g, maximum diameter 28.1 mm, die axis 0o, 4th officina, Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey) mint, 25 Feb 364 - 24 Aug 367 A.D.; obverse D N VALENTINIANVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse RESTITVTOR REIPVBLICAE, emperor standing facing, head right, labarum in right hand, Victory on globe offering wreath in left hand, CONSPΔ in exergue; very rare; SOLD


Thracian or Germanic Tribes, Pseudo-Imperial Coinage, Late 4th - Early 5th Century A.D.

|Constantius| |II|, |Thracian| |or| |Germanic| |Tribes,| |Pseudo-Imperial| |Coinage,| |Late| |4th| |-| |Early| |5th| |Century| |A.D.||centenionalis|
This type was minted by and used as currency by tribes outside the Roman Empire in Thrace. It is an interesting mule copying an obverse type and reverse type struck approximately 30 years apart. The obverse is of Constantius II, as caesar, 332 - 337 A.D. The reverse type was struck under Valentinian I, 364 - 367 A.D. Constantius II had been dead for at least 25 years when this mule was struck.
RL52369. Billon centenionalis, possibly unique - the only example known to Forum, VF, style very close to the official, edge flaws, weight 2.629 g, die axis 180o, tribal mint, as caesar; obverse FL IVL CONSTANTIVS NOB C, laureate draped and cuirassed bust of Constantius I right; reverse SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE (security of the Republic), Victory walking left, wreath in right hand, palm frond in left hand, uncertain mint mark in exergue (reverse type of Valentinian I); SOLD


|Valentinian| |I|, |Valentinian| |I,| |25| |February| |364| |-| |17| |November| |375| |A.D.||siliqua|
In a religious context, votum, plural vota, is a vow or promise made to a deity. The word comes from the past participle of voveo, vovere; as the result of the verbal action "vow, promise", it may refer also to the fulfillment of this vow, that is, the thing promised. The votum is thus an aspect of the contractual nature of Roman religion, a bargaining expressed by do ut des, "I give that you might give."
RS97840. Silver siliqua, RSC V 70†f; RIC IX p. 118, 10(a)1; SRCV V 19382; Hunter 26 var. (3rd officina), VF, toned, flow lines, die wear, light marks, minor porosity, tiny edge chip, weight 1.839 g, maximum diameter 17.8 mm, die axis 180o, 2nd officina, Rome mint, 364 - 367 A.D.; obverse D N VALENTINIANVS P F AVG, pearl diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse VOT / V / MV•LT / X in four lines within wreath closed with a wreath at the top, R B in exergue; from a Norwegian collection; SOLD




  




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OBVERSE| LEGENDS|

DNVALENTINIANVSPFAV
DNVALENTINIANVSPFAVG
VALENTINIANVSAVG


REFERENCES|

Carson, R., P. Hill & J. Kent. Late Roman Bronze Coinage. (London, 1960).
Cohen, H. Description historique des monnaies frappées sous l'Empire Romain, Vol. 8: Nepotian to Romulus Augustus, plus tesserae & cotorniates. (Paris, 1888).
Depeyrot, G. Les monnaies d'or de Constantin II à Zenon (337-491). Moneta 5. (Wetteren, 1996).
Hahn, Wolfgang. Moneta Imperii Romani-Byzantinii. (Vienna, 1989).
King, C. & D. Sear. Roman Silver Coins, Volume V, Carausius to Romulus Augustus. (London, 1987).
Paolucci, R. & A. Zub. La monetazione di Aquileia Romana. (Padova, 2000).
Pearce, J. The Roman Imperial Coinage, Volume IX, Valentinian I - Theodosius I. (London 1933).
Robinson, A. Roman Imperial Coins in the Hunter Coin Cabinet, University of Glasgow, Vol. V. Diocletian (Reform) to Zeno. (Oxford, 1982).
Sear, D. Roman Coins and Their Values, Vol. V: The Christian Empire...Constantine II to Zeno, AD 337 - 491. (London, 2014).
Vagi, D. Coinage and History of the Roman Empire. (Sidney, 1999).

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