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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Roman Coins| ▸ |The Tetrarchy| ▸ |Severus II||View Options:  |  |  |   

Severus II, 25 July 306 - Summer 307 A.D.

Valerius Severus, known as Severus II, was of humble birth in northern Illyria (now Albania). He rose to a senior rank in the Roman army. On 1 May 305, Galerius made his friend Severus caesar and deputy-emperor of the Western Empire under Constantius I. On the death of Constantius I, Severus was promoted to Augustus by Galerius, in opposition to the acclamation of Constantius' son Constantine I by his own soldiers. When Maxentius, son of the retired emperor Maximian, revolted at Rome, Galerius sent Severus to suppress the rebellion. After Maxentius offered his father co-rule, Severus' soldiers deserted to Maximian, their old commander. Severus fled to Ravenna. Maximian offered to spare his life and treat him humanely if he surrendered peaceably. There are conflicting reports of his death. Severus was either killed at Ravenna or, despite Maximian's assurance, was displayed as a captive, imprisoned and executed.

|Severus| |II|, |Severus| |II,| |25| |July| |306| |-| |Summer| |307| |A.D.||follis|
In Roman religion, every man has a genius, a presiding spirit. In De Die Natali, Censorinus says, from the moment we are born, we live under the guard and tutelage of Genius. Cities, organizations, and peoples also had a genius. On coins, we find inscriptions to the Genius of the Army, of the Senate, of the Emperor, etc. The legend GENIO POPVLI ROMANI dedicates this coin to the Genius of the Roman People. Genius' image is of a man with a cloak half covering the shoulders leaving the rest of his body naked, holding a cornucopia in one hand, and a simpulum or a patera in the other.
SH27770. Billon follis, RIC VI Serdica 13a, VF, weight 8.304 g, maximum diameter 27.8 mm, die axis 180o, Serdica (Sofia, Bulgaria) mint, as caesar, 1 May 305 - 25 Jul 306 A.D.; obverse FL VAL SEVERVS NOB CAESAR, laureate head right; reverse GENIO POPV - LI ROMANI, Genius standing slightly left, head left, nude but for chlamys over shoulders and left arm, kalathos on head, pouring libations from patera in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, Γ in right field, •SM•SD• in exergue; flat area on reverse; SOLD


|Severus| |II|, |Severus| |II,| |25| |July| |306| |-| |Summer| |307| |A.D.||follis|
In Roman religion, every man has a genius, a presiding spirit. In De Die Natali, Censorinus says, from the moment we are born, we live under the guard and tutelage of Genius. Cities, organizations, and peoples also had a genius. On coins, we find inscriptions to the Genius of the Roman people, of the Senate, of the Emperor, etc. This coin is dedicated "to the Genius (guardian spirits) of our emperors and caesars."
RT49914. Billon follis, RIC VI Cyzicus 20a, SRCV IV 14629, Cohen VII 18, Choice EF, full circles strike, most silvering remains, weight 10.915 g, maximum diameter 28.3 mm, die axis 180o, Cyzicus (Kapu Dagh, Turkey) mint, as caesar, 1 May 305 - 25 Jul 306 A.D.; obverse FL VAL SEVERVS NOB CAES, laureate head right; reverse GENIO AVGG ET CAESARVM NN (to the guardian spirits of our emperors and caesars), Genius standing slightly left, head left, nude but for chlamys over shoulders and left arm, kalathos on head, pouring libations from patera in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, KA in exergue; rare; SOLD


|Severus| |II|, |Severus| |II,| |25| |July| |306| |-| |Summer| |307| |A.D.||follis|
In Roman religion, every man has a genius, a presiding spirit. In De Die Natali, Censorinus says, from the moment we are born, we live under the guard and tutelage of Genius. Cities, organizations, and peoples also had a genius. On coins, we find inscriptions to the Genius of the Army, of the Senate, of the Emperor, etc. The legend GENIO POPVLI ROMANI dedicates this coin to the Genius of the Roman People. Genius' image is of a man with a cloak half covering the shoulders leaving the rest of his body naked, holding a cornucopia in one hand, and a simpulum or a patera in the other.
SH25961. Billon follis, RIC VI Heraclea 30 var. (officina), VF, weight 11.268 g, maximum diameter 28.8 mm, die axis 0o, Heraclea (Marmara Ereglisi, Turkey) mint, autumn 306 A.D.; obverse IMP C FLA VAL SEVERVS P F AVG, laureate head right; reverse GENIO POPVLI ROMANI (to the guardian spirit of the Roman People), Genius standing left, nude but for cloak over shoulder, patera in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, HTA in exergue; near full silvering; unlisted officina; very rare; SOLD


|Severus| |II|, |Severus| |II,| |25| |July| |306| |-| |Summer| |307| |A.D.||follis|
In Roman religion, every man has a genius, a presiding spirit. In De Die Natali, Censorinus says, from the moment we are born, we live under the guard and tutelage of Genius. Cities, organizations, and peoples also had a genius. On coins, we find inscriptions to the Genius of the Army, of the Senate, of the Emperor, etc. The legend GENIO POPVLI ROMANI dedicates this coin to the Genius of the Roman People. Genius' image is of a man with a cloak half covering the shoulders leaving the rest of his body naked, holding a cornucopia in one hand, and a simpulum or a patera in the other.
SH07650. Billon follis, RIC VI Serdica 13a, Choice EF, weight 12.03 g, maximum diameter 28.0 mm, die axis 330o, Serdica (Sofia, Bulgaria) mint, as caesar, 1 May 305 - 25 Jul 306 A.D.; obverse FL VAL SEVERVS NOB CAESAR, laureate head right; reverse GENIO POPVLI ROMANI (to the guardian spirit of the Roman People), Genius standing slightly left, head left, nude but for chlamys over shoulders and left arm, kalathos on head, pouring libations from patera in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, A in right field, •SM•SD• in exergue; from the Scott Collection; SOLD


|Severus| |II|, |Severus| |II,| |25| |July| |306| |-| |Summer| |307| |A.D.||quarter| |follis|
RIC notes Voetter-Gerin included Fla Val Severus Nob Caes for this reverse: not yet confirmed. It is confirmed by this coin.
SH56083. Billon quarter follis, RIC VI Siscia 173a, note 2; Cohen VII 5 - 6 (FL VAL...); SRCV IV 14628 var. (same), aVF, weight 9.136 g, maximum diameter 29.4 mm, die axis 0o, 1st officina, Siscia (Sisak, Croatia) mint, as caesar, 1 May 305 - 25 Jul 306 A.D.; obverse FLA VAL SEVERVS NOB CAES, laureate head right; reverse CONCORDI-A IMPERII, Concordia standing left, modius on her head, leaning on scepter with right, holding fold of dress with left, VI in right field, SISA in exergue; very rare; SOLD


|Severus| |II|, |Severus| |II,| |25| |July| |306| |-| |Summer| |307| |A.D.||follis|
"This reverse is modeled after the famous statue of the Spirit of the Roman People in the Roman Forum. It is unclear when this statue was last seen as it is now lost. Although the coins celebrate a wide range of spirits (e.g., Rome, Augustus, the Army, etc.), the basic design comes from the same statue...The act of pouring the libation to the emperor illustrates what the Christians were required to do in order not to be persecuted." -- Roman Bronze Coins From Paganism to Christianity 294-364 A.D. by Victor Failmezger
RB95394. Billon follis, RIC VI Londinium 59a (S), Cohen VII 24, SRCV IV -, Hunter V -, aVF, dark brown tone, slightly oval flan, some porosity, weight 10.399 g, maximum diameter 29.0 mm, die axis 180o, Londinium (London, England) mint, as caesar, 1 May 305 - 25 Jul 306 A.D.; obverse SEVERVS NOBILISSIMVS CAES, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse GENIO POPVLI ROMANI (to the guardian spirit of the Roman People), Genius standing slightly left, head left, kalathos on head, naked but for chlamys over shoulders and left arm, pouring libations from patera in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, nothing in exergue; from the Errett Bishop Collection; scarce; SOLD


|Severus| |II|, |Severus| |II,| |25| |July| |306| |-| |Summer| |307| |A.D.||follis|
"As personification, as goddess or as symbol, the name Roma stretches from classical Greece to Mussolini's Fascist propaganda...Roma has been seen as a goddess, a whore, a near-saint, and as the symbol of civilization itself. She remains the oldest continuous political-religious symbol in Western civilization." -- Ronald Mellor, Introduction, The goddess Roma.
RT80425. Billon follis, RIC VI Siscia 184a, Choice VF, weight 8.959 g, maximum diameter 27.1 mm, die axis 180o, Siscia (Sisak, Croatia) mint, as caesar, May 305 - 306 A.D.; obverse FL VAL SEVERVS NOB C, laureate head right; reverse PERPETVITAS AVGG, Roma, helmeted, seated left on shield, in right Victory on globe, in left spear, VI right, SISΓ in exergue; nice green patina, good centering; very rare reverse type; SOLD


|Severus| |II|, |Severus| |II,| |25| |July| |306| |-| |Summer| |307| |A.D.||quarter| |follis|
"This reverse is modeled after the famous statue of the Spirit of the Roman People in the Roman Forum. It is unclear when this statue was last seen as it is now lost. Although the coins celebrate a wide range of spirits (e.g., Rome, Augustus, the Army, etc.), the basic design comes from the same statue...The act of pouring the libation to the emperor illustrates what the Christians were required to do in order not to be persecuted." -- Roman Bronze Coins From Paganism to Christianity 294-364 A.D. by Victor Failmezger
RL50402. Billon quarter follis, RIC VI Siscia 171a, Cohen VII 33, SRCV IV 14645, Hunter V -, gVF, light cleaning scratches, weight 2.129 g, maximum diameter 18.5 mm, die axis 0o, Siscia (Sisak, Croatia) mint, as caesar, 1 May 305 - 25 Jul 306 A.D.; obverse SEVERVS NOB C, laureate head right; reverse GENIO POPVLI ROMANI (to the guardian spirit of the Roman People), Genius standing left, nude but for cloak over shoulder, patera in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, SIS in exergue; SOLD


|Severus| |II|, |Severus| |II,| |25| |July| |306| |-| |Summer| |307| |A.D.||follis|
Valerius Severus, known as Severus II, was of humble birth in northern Illyria (now Albania). He rose to a senior rank in the Roman army. On 1 May 305, Galerius made his friend Severus caesar and deputy-emperor of the Western Empire under Constantius I. On the death of Constantius I, Severus was promoted to Augustus by Galerius, in opposition to the acclamation of Constantius' son Constantine I by his own soldiers. When Maxentius, son of the retired emperor Maximian, revolted at Rome, Galerius sent Severus to suppress the rebellion. After Maxentius offered his father co-rule, under the walls of Rome, Severus' soldiers deserted to Maximian, their old commander. Severus fled to Ravenna. Maximian offered to spare his life and treat him humanely if he surrendered peaceably. There are conflicting reports of his death. Severus was either killed at Ravenna or, despite Maximian's assurance, was displayed as a captive, imprisoned and executed.
RT91267. Billon follis, RIC VI Aquileia 68a (S), Paolucci-Zub 120 (R2), Hunter V 10, SRCV IV 14643, Cohen VII 72, gVF, well centered, porous, spots of corrosion, weight 9.338 g, maximum diameter 29.7 mm, die axis 0o, 3rd officina, Aquileia mint, as caesar, 1 May 305 - 25 Jul 306 A.D.; obverse SEVERVS NOB CAESAR, laureate, helmeted, and cuirassed bust left, spear in right hand over right shoulder, round shield on left arm; reverse VIRTVS AVGG ET CAESS NN (the valor of our two emperors and two caesars), emperor on horseback galloping right, spearing fallen enemy kneeling beside horse, another fallen foe beneath horse, shield on left arm, AQΓ in exergue; rare; SOLD


|Severus| |II|, |Severus| |II,| |25| |July| |306| |-| |Summer| |307| |A.D.||follis|
The Latin reverse legend is a abbreviates, "Saluis Augustoris et Caesaribus Felicitas Karthago," meaning, "Blessed Carthage, the Salvation of the two Augusti and two Caesars. This coin refers to the good fortune provided by Carthage to the emperors. When the Nile floods were deficient and Egypt suffered scarcity, Roman ships importing wheat steered for Carthage, from which they brought back a sufficient supply to the eternal city. On this issue, the folles of the 'Jovian' rulers Diocletian and his Caesar Galerius have the letter I (= Iovi) in the reverse field, while those of the 'Herculian' rulers, Maximian and Constantius, have the letter H (= Herculi).
RB93191. Billon follis, RIC VI Carthago 40a, Hunter V 11, SRCV IV 14640, Cohen VII 64, Choice VF, well centered, toned copper surfaces, bright blue deposits, minor edge flaw, weight 10.224 g, maximum diameter 28.0 mm, die axis 0o, 3rd officina, Carthage (near Tunis, Tunisia) mint, as caesar, 1 May 305 - 25 Jul 306 A.D.; obverse FL VAL SEVERVS NOB CAES, laureate head right; reverse SALVIS AVGG ET CAESS FEL KART (Blessed Carthage, the Salvation of the two Augusti and two Caesars), Carthago standing facing, head left, fruits in both hands, H in left field, Γ in exergue; from the Errett Bishop Collection; SOLD




  




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OBVERSE| LEGENDS|

FLVALSEVERVSNOBC
FLVALSEVERVSNOBCAES
IMPCSEVERVSPFAVG
SEVERVSAVG
SEVERVSAVGVSTVS
SEVERVSNOBC
SEVERVSNOBCAES
SEVERVSNOBCAESAR
SEVERVSNOBILISSIMVSCAESAR


REFERENCES|

Bastien, P. Le Monnayage de l'Atelier de Lyon, De la Réforme Monétaire de Dioclétien à la fermeture temporaire de l'Atelier en 316 (294 - 316). Numismatique Romaine XI. (Wetteren, 1980).
Calicó, X. The Roman Avrei, Vol. Two: From Didius Julianus to Constantius I, 193 AD - 335 AD. (Barcelona, 2003).
Cloke, H. & L. Toone. The London Mint of Constantius & Constantine. (London, 2015).
Cohen, H. Description historique des monnaies frappées sous l'Empire Romain, Vol. 7: Carausius to Constantine & sons. (Paris, 1888).
Depeyrot, G. Les monnaies d'or de Diocletien à Constantin I (284-337). Moneta 1. (Wetteren, 1995).
Paolucci, R. & A. Zub. La monetazione di Aquileia Romana. (Padova, 2000).
Robinson, A. Roman Imperial Coins in the Hunter Coin Cabinet, University of Glasgow, Vol. V. Diocletian (Reform) to Zeno. (Oxford, 1982).
Sear, D. Roman Coins and Their Values, Vol. IV: The Tetrarchies and the Rise of the House of Constantine...Diocletian To Constantine I, AD 284 - 337. (London, 211).
Sutherland, R. & C. Carson. The Roman Imperial Coinage, Vol VI, From Diocletian's reform to the death of Maximinus. (London, 1967).

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