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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Roman Coins| ▸ |The Twelve Caesars| ▸ |Agrippina Sr.||View Options:   | | | Vispania Agrippina (Agrippina Senior) was born in 15 B.C., the daughter of Agrippa and Julia, Augustus' daughter. She married Germanicus, the son of Nero Claudius Drusus and Antonia, in 5 A.D. They had nine children, of whom six survived to adulthood (Nero Caesar, Drusus Caesar, Caligula, Agrippina Jr., Julia, and Drusilla). She was the mother-in-law and sister-in-law of Claudius, and grandmother of Nero. Her husband Germanicus was extremely popular with Roman people and she accompanied him on all his military campaigns. When Germanicus died mysteriously at Antioch in 19 A.D., the governor of Syria was accused of poisoning him, but Agrippina returned to Rome and accused Tiberius of ordering the murder. To silence her, Agrippina was accused of adultery, flogged so severely that she lost an eye, banished to the island of Pandateria in 29, and starved to death on 18 October 33 A.D. Her sons, Caligula's brothers, Nero Caesar and Drusus Caesar, also died imprisoned. Caligula's first act as emperor was to return the ashes of his mother and brothers to Rome. |
Caius Caesar was born in 12 A.D., the son of Germanicus and Agrippina Sr. He was nicknamed Caligula, meaning "little boots," by the legions because as a child his mother dressed him in military uniforms (including little boots). Initially, he was very popular, succeeding Tiberius in 37 A.D. and for a few brief months ruling very well. However, an unknown disease drove him mad and his reign soon degenerated into debauchery and murder. He was murdered by the Praetorian Guard in 41 A.D.SH76413. Silver denarius, RIC I 14 (Rome), RSC II Caligula and Agrippina 2; BMCRE I 15 (Rome), BnF II 24, Hunter I 7 (Rome), SRCV I 1825, VF, superb portraits, areas of corrosion, weight 13.775 g, maximum diameter 18.9 mm, die axis 180o, Lugdunum (Lyon, France) mint, end of 37 - early 38 A.D.; obverse C CAESAR AVG GERM P M TR POT (counterclockwise), laureate head of Gaius right; reverse AGRIPPINA MAT C CAES AVG GERM (counterclockwise), draped bust of Agrippina Senior (his mother), her hair in a queue behind, one curly lock falls loose on the side of her neck; from the Jeff Michniak Collection; rare; SOLD
The carpentum was a type of state carriage, with two wheels, and commonly drawn by a pair of mules. The privilege of riding in a carpentum in public festivals was sometimes granted to females of the imperial family. Agrippina's, carriage on the reverse of this coin, was very richly adorned with painting or carving on the panels, and the cover was supported by caryatides on the corners. When Caligula instituted games and other solemnities in honor of his deceased mother Agrippina, her carpentum went in the procession (Suet. Calig. 13).RB37533. Orichalcum sestertius, RIC I Gaius 55, BMCRE I Caligula 81, Cohen I 1, BnF II Caligula 128, Hunter I Gaius 36, SRCV I 1827, F, rough, weight 26.453 g, maximum diameter 38.2 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, posthumous under Caligula, 37 - 41 A.D.; obverse AGRIPPINA M F MAT C CAESARIS AVGVSTI, draped bust right, her hair tied in queue in back and one lock falling down side of neck; reverse S P Q R / MEMORIAE / AGRIPPINAE, carpentum drawn by two mules left; SOLD
Most references identify the portrait as Livia, but as David Vagi notes, "the bust of Justitia represents (but seemingly does not portray) Antonia and/or Agrippa Senior. It no doubt reflects the justice they received from the trial of Piso for the murder of Germanicus." He explains that the portrait does not appear to be of either of them, perhaps because it was intended to represent them both simultaneously.
Since Agrippina knew, but had no evidence, that Piso murdered Germanicus on orders from Tiberius, she was not satisfied with this "justice" and continued to be an outspoken critic of Tiberius and his prefect, Sejanus. Sejanus had her accused of adultery. She was flogged so severely that she lost an eye, and was banished to the island of Pandateria where she starved to death four years later. Her sons Nero Caesar and Drusus Caesar also died imprisoned. When her son Caligula became emperor, the first act of his reign was to return the ashes of his mother and brothers to Rome.RB58415. Orichalcum dupondius, Vagi Antonia 498, RIC I Tiberius 46, BMCRE I Tiberius 79, BnF II Tiberius 57, Cohen I Livie 4, SRCV I Livia 1739, VF, weight 13.937 g, maximum diameter 29.0 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 22 - 23 A.D.; obverse IVSTITIA, diademed and draped bust of Justitia right; reverse TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVG P M TR POT XXIIII, large S C; SOLD
Wife of Germanicus, mother of Caligula and Agrippina Jr., mother-in-law and sister-in-law of Claudius, and grandmother of Nero. She was born in 14 B.C., daughter of Julia and Agrippa. She married Germanicus and accompanied her husband on all his military campaigns. She was banished by Tiberius in 29 A.D. and died of starvation four years later.RB110378. Orichalcum sestertius, RIC I Claudius 102; BMCRE I Claudius p. 194, 219; BnF II Claudius 236; Cohen I 3; von Kaenel Type 78; SRCV I 1906, Tooled VF, excellent centering on a full flan, old smoothing and light tooling, weight 28.920 g, maximum diameter 35.6 mm, die axis 225o, Rome mint, posthumous under Claudius, c. 42 A.D.; obverse AGRIPPINA M F GERMANICI CAESARIS, draped bust right; reverse TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG GERM P M TR P IMP P P, legend around large S C; ex Fritz Rudolf Künker auction 67 (19 Jul 2021), lot 230; ex private collection in the Lower Rhine region (acquired in Basel, May 1968); SOLD
The carpentum was a type of state carriage, with two wheels, and commonly drawn by a pair of mules. The privilege of riding in a carpentum in public festivals was sometimes granted to females of the imperial family. Agrippina's, carriage on the reverse of this coin, was very richly adorned with painting or carving on the panels, and the cover was supported by caryatides on the corners. When Caligula instituted games and other solemnities in honor of his deceased mother Agrippina, her carpentum went in the procession (Suet. Calig. 13).RB91444. Orichalcum sestertius, RIC I Gaius 55, BMCRE I Caligula 81, Cohen I 1, BnF II Caligula 128, Hunter I Gaius 36, SRCV I 1827, F, well centered, some obv. legend unstruck, rough, weight 24.658 g, maximum diameter 34.6 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, posthumous under Caligula, 37 - 41 A.D.; obverse AGRIPPINA M F MAT C CAESARIS AVGVSTI, draped bust right, her hair tied in queue in back and one lock falling down side of neck; reverse S P Q R / MEMORIAE / AGRIPPINAE, carpentum drawn by two mules left; from the Maxwell Hunt Collection, ex Pegasi Coins; SOLD
While attributed to Livia in most refernces, this series has provoked considerable discussion in recent years. The dupondii with legend SALVS AVGVSTA are Livia as Salus. She was the only woman in the world with the title AVGVSTA. Her Salus (Health) was of concern to the Senate and the People of Rome. The dupondii with legend PIETAS are Livilla as Pietas. She was seen as Pietas, though thiat type is highly ironic: she would soon be implicated in the murder of her husband. The titles of her husband appear on the reverse, just as they do on an as with his portrait, and a sestertius with the portraits of their twin boys. The third portrait in this series is an Imperial woman as Justitia. She is Agrippina Senior, the third most important Roman woman of the day, widow of Germanicus. She had just achieved “Some Justice” in her prosecution of her husbands murderers: Piso and Plancina. This story is well-dramatized in the BBC Production of “I, Claudius.” David Vagi’s book calls the first two dupondii Livia and Livillla, but disagrees with this last attribution. He suggests Antonia, mother of Germanicus and Claudius. Antonia was a less important woman of the time, though her negatives were less strong. Antonia has little connection with Justitia. The cut across the reverse letters TI may be an ancient commentary (damnatio memoreia) of Tiberius.SH16473. Orichalcum dupondius, RIC I Livia 46, Cohen Livia 4, gVF, attractive with clear diadem decorations, chocolate patina with some brassy areas, lightly smoothed, a small cut across the reverse letters TI, weight 13.037 g, maximum diameter 28.5 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 22 - 23 A.D.; obverse diademed and draped bust of Agrippina Senior as Justitia facing right, IVSTITIA below; reverse TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVG P M TR POT XXIIII around large S•C; SOLD
Claudius, 25 January 41 - 13 October 54 A.D., Nikomedia(?), Bithynia, Agrippina Reverse
According to Pliny the Elder, Aggripina was a beautiful and reputable woman. Many ancient historians, however, accuse Agrippina of poisoning Claudius and described her as ruthless, ambitious, violent and domineering.RP63230. Bronze AE 26, RPC I 2100, BMC Pontus -, SNG Cop -, VF/F, rough, weight 8.622 g, maximum diameter 26.2 mm, die axis 180o, Nikomedia (Izmit, Turkey) mint, obverse TI KΛAYΔIOΣ KAIΣAP ΣEBAΣTOΣ ΓEPMANI, bare head left; reverse AΓPIΠΠINA ΣEBAΣTH, draped bust of Agrippina II right, monogram below; rare; SOLD
Caligula, 16 March 37 - 24 January 41 A.D., Smyrna, Ionia
After Germanicus, Caligula's father, died mysteriously, the governor of Syria was accused of poisoning him. Agrippina, Caligula's mother, alleged Tiberius had ordered his murder. To silence her, Agrippina was accused of adultery, flogged so severely that she lost an eye, banished to an island, and starved to death. Caligula's brothers, Nero Caesar and Drusus Caesar, also died imprisoned. Caligula's first act as emperor was to return the ashes of his mother and brothers to Rome.SH58657. Orichalcum AE 21, RPC Online I 2471; SNG Cop 1340; SNGvA 2201; BMC Ionia p. 269, 269; Klose XXIX, VF, weight 4.995 g, maximum diameter 21.3 mm, die axis 0o, Smyrna (Izmir, Turkey) mint, c. 16 Mar 37 - 38 A.D.; obverse ΓAION KAICAPA ΓEPMANIKON EΠI AOYIOΛA, laureate head of Caligula right; reverse ΓEPMANIKON AΓPIΠΠENAN ZMYPNAIWN MHNOΦANHC, draped bust of Agrippina Senior right, vis-à-vis bare head of Germanicus left; struck under C. Calpurnius Aviola, proconsul, and Menophanes, civic magistrate (no title in legend); SOLD
Wife of Germanicus, mother of Caligula and Agrippina Jr., mother-in-law and sister-in-law of Claudius, and grandmother of Nero. Agrippina Senior was born in 14 B.C., daughter of Julia and Agrippa. She accompanied her husband Germanicus on all his military campaigns. She was banished by Tiberius in 29 A.D. and died of starvation four years later.
The countermark NCAPR was applied to numerous orichalcum coins of the reigns of Tiberius and Claudius. NCAPR is most often explained as "Nero Caesar Augustus Populo Romano." Others believe NCAPR abbreviates "Nummus Caesare Augusto Probatus" or "Nero Caesar Augustus Probavit" (probavit means approved).GB92400. Orichalcum sestertius, RIC I Claudius 102; BMCRE I Claudius p. 194, 219; BnF II Claudius 236; Cohen I 3; von Kaenel Type 78; SRCV I 1906; countermark: Pangerl p. 121, 60, F, rough, scratches, some legend weak, weight 25.435 g, maximum diameter 37.2 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, issued by Claudius, c. 42 A.D.; obverse AGRIPPINA M F GERMANICI CAESARIS, draped bust right, hair waived and tied in queue in back, a corkscrew curl on neck; reverse TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG GERM P M TR P IMP P P, legend around large S C; countermark: NCAPR in rectangular punch; SOLD
Wife of Germanicus, mother of Caligula and Agrippina Jr., mother-in-law and sister-in-law of Claudius, and grandmother of Nero. She was born in 14 B.C., daughter of Julia and Agrippa. She married Germanicus and accompanied her husband on all his military campaigns. She was banished by Tiberius in 29 A.D. and died of starvation four years later.RB113357. Orichalcum sestertius, RIC I Claudius 102; BMCRE I Claudius p. 194, 219; BnF II Claudius 236; Cohen I 3; von Kaenel Type 78; SRCV I 1906, aF, well centered, scratches, a few pits/surface flaws, weight 26.870 g, maximum diameter 35.4 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, posthumous under Claudius, c. 42 A.D.; obverse AGRIPPINA M F GERMANICI CAESARIS, draped bust right; reverse TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG GERM P M TR P IMP P P, legend around large S C; SOLD
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