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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Greek Coins| ▸ |Geographic - All Periods| ▸ |Thrace & Moesia| ▸ |Dacia||View Options:  |  |  |   

Dacia

The eagle and the lion are symbols of the Legions V Macedonica and XIII Gemina, which were quartered in Provincia Dacia.

Trajan, 25 January 98 - 8 or 9 August 117 A.D.

|Trajan|, |Trajan,| |25| |January| |98| |-| |8| |or| |9| |August| |117| |A.D.||denarius|
After his defeat in 101 A.D., King Decebalus complied with Rome for a time but then incited the tribes to pillage Roman colonies across the Danube. Trajan marched into Dacia in 105 A.D. After defeating the surrounding mountain fortresses, in 106 A.D. Trajan besieged Sarmizegetusa, the Dacian capital. With the aid of a Dacian traitor, the Romans found and destroyed water pipes supplying the city. Running out of water and food the city fell and was burned to the ground. Decebalus fled but, followed by the Roman cavalry, committed suicide rather than face capture. The Romans found Decebalus' treasure in the river of Sargesia - estimated at 165,500 kg of gold and 331,000 kg of silver.
SL113465. Silver denarius, Woytek 283bC, BMCRE III 390, RIC II 98, RSC II 120, BnF IV 457, Strack I 156, SRCV II -, NGC Ch AU, strike 5/5, surface 4/5 (2400903-004), weight 3.31 g, maximum diameter 19 mm, die axis 225o, Rome mint, 108 - 109 A.D.; obverse IMP TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P, laureate bust right, slight drapery on far shoulder; reverse COS V P P S P Q R OPTIMO PRINC, mourning Dacian captive seated left on pile of arms, wearing peaked cap, two curved swords behind, three shields and two spears on the ground below and behind, DAC CAP in exergue; from a Virginia Collector, ex Eastern Numismatics Inc. (Garden City, NY, 20 Dec 2010, $700); NGC| Lookup; SOLD


Trajan, 25 January 98 - 8 or 9 August 117 A.D.

|Trajan|, |Trajan,| |25| |January| |98| |-| |8| |or| |9| |August| |117| |A.D.||dupondius|
Dacia defeated! After his defeat in 101 A.D., King Decebalus complied with Rome for a time but then incited the tribes to pillage Roman colonies across the Danube. Trajan marched into Dacia in 105 A.D. After defeating the surrounding mountain fortresses, in 106 A.D. Trajan besieged Sarmizegetusa, the Dacian capital. With the aid of a Dacian traitor, the Romans found and destroyed water pipes supplying the city. Running out of water and food the city fell and was burned to the ground. Decebalus fled but, followed by the Roman cavalry, committed suicide rather than face capture. The Romans found Decebalus' treasure, estimated at 165,500 kg of gold and 331,000 kg of silver, in the river of Sargesia.
SH95273. Orichalcum dupondius, Woytek 327bD, BMCRE III 887, RIC II 563, Hunter II 312, BnF IV 322, Cohen II 533, Strack I 365, SRCV II -, aEF, dark brown patina, some porosity, weight 13.807 g, maximum diameter 27.0 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 103 - 111 A.D.; obverse IMP CAES NERVAE TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS V P P, radiate bust right, slight drapery on left shoulder; reverse S P Q R OPTIMO PRINCIPI, Dacian seated left on shields and arms in attitude of mourning, trophy of captured arms before her, S - C (senatus consulto) in exergue; SOLD


Eastern Danubian Celts, 306 - 281 B.C.

|Celtic| |&| |Tribal|, |Eastern| |Danubian| |Celts,| |306| |-| |281| |B.C.||tetradrachm|
The earliest Celtic imitations of Philip II tetradrachms are very similar to the Macedonian originals. It isn't always completely clear if a coin is a Celtic imitative or an oddly engraved Macedonian original. Fairly quickly the imitative inscriptions were shortened and then blundered. Over time the head of Zeus was increasingly "Celticized" and eventually both the head of Zeus and the horseman devolved into barely recognizable abstract forms. This coin with a rather exotic head of Zeus and odd (female?) rider on the reverse, could never be confused with the Macedonian prototype.
CE98735. Silver tetradrachm, Lanz 590 (same dies); CCCBM I 28 and pl. XVIII S26; Pink 296 ff.; Göbl OTA 296, De la Tour 9870, VF, centered, radiating flow lines, toned, die wear, small cut above eye, weight 11.808 g, maximum diameter 24.1 mm, die axis 0o, tribal mint, 306 - 281 B.C.; obverse Celticized head of Zeus right; reverse naked youth (female?) on horse pacing left, vertical branch in left hand; derived from the Macedonian Kingdom tetradrachms of Philip II; from the CEB Collection; ex Numismatic Fine Arts (NFA) Winter Bid Sale (18 Dec 1987), lot 147; SOLD


Danubian Celts or Geto-Dacians, 3rd - 2nd Century B.C., Imitative of Philip III of Macedonia

|Celtic| |&| |Tribal|, |Danubian| |Celts| |or| |Geto-Dacians,| |3rd| |-| |2nd| |Century| |B.C.,| |Imitative| |of| |Philip| |III| |of| |Macedonia||tetradrachm|
All three referenced specimens were struck with the same dies with the same obverse die break. The blundered inscription downward on the right appears to combine parts of the names AΛEΞANDPOY (Alexander the Great) and ΦIΛIΠΠOY (Philip III of Macedonia). The inscription below has little resemblance to BAΣIΛΕΩΣ (king), found on the Macedonian prototypes. It is likely that this obverse die was one that was used so long and became so worn that eventually obverses struck were a plain featureless dome.
GS82668. Silver tetradrachm, CCCBM I 185; Göbl OTA tf. 44, 579/9; Lanz 899 (all struck with the same dies, and with the same obv. die break before eyes), gVF, sculptural high relief head of Herakles, toned, well centered and struck, some die wear, die break on obv., tiny cut on reverse edge, weight 16.206 g, maximum diameter 27.4 mm, die axis 0o, tribal mint, 3rd - 2nd century B.C.; obverse head of Herakles right, wearing Nemean Lion skin, scalp over head, forepaws tied at neck; reverse Zeus Aëtophoros enthroned left, right leg drawn back, feet on footstool, eagle in right hand, long scepter vertical behind in left hand, "sun" over "double axe" monogram left, Z (appearing as H) below throne, AAIΓIΓIIΓIΓIOΛ downward on right, ΠΠIΠΠIΠ below, all in a round convex incuse; SOLD


Celts, Danube Region, Imitative of Thasos, Thrace, c. 120 - 10 B.C.

|Celtic| |&| |Tribal|, |Celts,| |Danube| |Region,| |Imitative| |of| |Thasos,| |Thrace,| |c.| |120| |-| |10| |B.C.||tetradrachm|
This type was first struck by Thasos, c. 168 - 148 B.C. Roman authorities struck imitatives, c. 148 - 80 B.C., mainly in Macedonia. Tribal groups (mostly Celtic) struck imitatives from about 120 to possibly as late as 10 B.C.

Göbl OTA Class IV is defined by a reverse legend without attempt to form actual letters (appearing mostly as I, H, V, Λ, Π, U and O). This coin is unusual because the obverse style is quite close to that of some of the Roman Thasian imitatives. Most Class IV examples have a more devolved portrait.
SH65451. Silver tetradrachm, Göbl OTA Class IV; imitative of SNG Cop 1040 ff., VF, typical wavy flan, weight 16.178 g, maximum diameter 30.5 mm, die axis 0o, tribal mint, c. 120 - 10 B.C.; obverse head of Dionysos right, wearing taenia and wreathed in flowering ivy; reverse devolved legend, Herakles standing half left, nude but for Nemean lion's skin on left arm, resting right hand on grounded club before him, left hand on hip, blundered monogram inner left; SOLD


Geto-Dacian(?), c. 75 - 105 A.D., Imitative of Vespasian or Titus Denarius

|Celtic| |&| |Tribal|, |Geto-Dacian(?),| |c.| |75| |-| |105| |A.D.,| |Imitative| |of| |Vespasian| |or| |Titus| |Denarius||denarius|
Tribal peoples outside the Empire struck coinage imitative of Roman types beginning in the second century B.C. and continued to strike imitative types even after the Western Empire ceased to exist.
CE68897. Silver denarius, Davis I4 (this coin); for possible Roman prototype see RIC Vespasian 702 and 705 (emperor seated right), F+, weight 3.319 g, maximum diameter 18.7 mm, die axis 0o, tribal mint, c. 75 - 105 A.D.; obverse laureate head of Vespasian or Titus right, blundered legend around; reverse Emperor seated left, branch in right hand, long scepter vertical behind in left hand, blundered legend around; from the Jyrki Muona Collection, ex Gemini LLC auction IX, lot 739, ex Phillip Davis Collection, said to have been found in Romania; very rare; SOLD


Macrinus, 11 April 217 - 8 June 218 A.D., Nikopolis ad Istrum, Moesia Inferior

|Nikopolis|, |Macrinus,| |11| |April| |217| |-| |8| |June| |218| |A.D.,| |Nikopolis| |ad| |Istrum,| |Moesia| |Inferior||AE| |26|
Nicopolis ad Istrum was founded by Trajan around 101-106, at the junction of the Iatrus (Yantra) and the Rositsa rivers, in memory of his victory over the Dacians. Its ruins are located at the village of Nikyup, 20 km north of Veliko Tarnovo in northern Bulgaria. The town peaked during the reigns of Trajan, Hadrian, the Antonines and the Severan dynasty. In 447, the Nicopolis was destroyed by Attila's Huns. In the 6th century, it was rebuilt as a powerful fortress enclosing little more than military buildings and churches, following a very common trend for the cities of that century in the Danube area. It was finally destroyed by the Avar invasions at the end of the 6th century. The reverse legend refers to Consular Legate (Governor) Marcus Claudius Agrippa.
RP88337. Bronze AE 26, H-H-J Nikopolis 8.23.46.4 (R4), Varbanov I 3383 (R5), Moushmov 1234, VF, dark patina, edge crack, light deposits, weight 11.625 g, maximum diameter 25.6 mm, die axis 225o, Nicopolis ad Istrum (Nikyup, Bulgaria) mint, consular legate Marcus Agrippa, 217 - 218 A.D.; obverse AY K OΠΠEΛ CEYH MAKPINOC, laureate head right; reverse YΠ AΓPIΠΠA NIKOΠOΛITΩN ΠPOC ICTPΩ, city gate with three crenelated towers and closed paneled doors; ex Forum (2009), ex Zach Beasley architectural theme collection (2001), ex Malter Galleries; SOLD


Dacia, After 85 B.C., Imitative of Roman Republic, Types of Mn Fonteius

|Celtic| |&| |Tribal|, |Dacia,| |After| |85| |B.C.,| |Imitative| |of| |Roman| |Republic,| |Types| |of| |Mn| |Fonteius||denarius|
Imitatives of Roman Republic Denarii, such as this one, are often identified as Celtic, but Philip Davis convincingly argues that most of these denarii are probably Dacian.
RR63690. Silver denarius, cf. Davis M108, Davis Apvlvm XLIII 81 and 83, Crawford 353/1a (official, Rome mint), VF, weight 3.020 g, maximum diameter 17.3 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, c. 85 B.C.; obverse bare head right, branch behind, no legend; reverse Cupid seated on goat right, caps of the Dioscuri above, thyrsus of Bacchus in exergue all within laurel wreath; SOLD


Celts, Carpathian Region, The Dacian Costoboci(?), c. 2nd Century B.C., Imitative of Philip II of Macedonia

|Celtic| |&| |Tribal|, |Celts,| |Carpathian| |Region,| |The| |Dacian| |Costoboci(?),| |c.| |2nd| |Century| |B.C.,| |Imitative| |of| |Philip| |II| |of| |Macedonia||tetradrachm|
The Dacian Costoboci were an ancient people located, during the Roman imperial era, north of Dacia (probably north-east of Dacia), between the Carpathian Mountains and the river Dniester. During the Marcomannic Wars the Costoboci invaded the Roman empire in 170 or 171 A.D., pillaging its Balkan provinces as far as central Greece, until they were driven out by the Romans. Shortly afterwards, the Costoboci's territory was invaded and occupied by Vandal Hasdingi and the Costoboci disappeared from surviving historical sources, except for a mention by the late Roman Ammianus Marcellinus, writing around 400 A.D.
CE97476. Silver tetradrachm, Schnabelpferd type, imitative of Philip II of Macedon; CCCBM I 78 - 79; Göbl OTA pl. 28, 326/1; Lanz 666, VF, toned, marks, small dark encrustation spots, weight 8.588 g, maximum diameter 23.2 mm, die axis 90o, northern Carpathian region mint, c. 2nd century B.C.; obverse Celticized laureate head of Zeus right; reverse Celticized naked youth on horse advancing left, "beak" horse head, rider reduced to dotted outline around curved line; SOLD


Celts, Danube Region, Imitative of Thasos, Thrace, c. 120 - 10 B.C.

|Celtic| |Tribes|, |Celts,| |Danube| |Region,| |Imitative| |of| |Thasos,| |Thrace,| |c.| |120| |-| |10| |B.C.||tetradrachm|
This type was first struck by Thasos, c. 168 - 148 B.C. Roman authorities struck imitatives, c. 148 - 80 B.C., mainly in Macedonia. Tribal groups (mostly Celtic) struck imitatives from about 120 to possibly as late as 10 B.C.

Göbl OTA Class IV is defined by a reverse legend without attempt to form actual letters (in this case appearing as all I's and O's). This coin is unusual because Herakles is reversed. On the prototype and nearly all imitatives he rests his right hand on the club, his left hand is on his hip, and the symbol is left.
SH65454. Silver tetradrachm, Göbl OTA Class IV; imitative of SNG Cop 1040 ff., VF, grainy, typical wavy flan, weight 15.160 g, maximum diameter 34.2 mm, die axis 270o, tribal mint, c. 120 - 10 B.C.; obverse head of Dionysos right, wearing taenia and wreathed in flowering ivy; reverse devolved legend, Herakles standing facing, nude but for Nemean lion's skin on right arm, right hand on hip, resting left hand on grounded club before him, O right; rare Herakles variant; SOLD




  




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REFERENCES

Aleksandar, I. Catalog Provincial Coins of Dacia, the Roman Province. (2008). Allen, D. Catalogue of Celtic Coins in the British Museum, Vol. 1: Silver Coins of the East Celts and Balkan Peoples. (London, 1987).
Burnett, A., M. Amandry, et al. Roman Provincial Coinage. (1992 - ).
Crawford, M. Roman Republican Coinage. (Cambridge, 1974).
Corpus Nummorum Online - http://www.corpus-nummorum.eu/
Davis, P. "Dacian Imitations of Roman Republican Denarii" in Apvlvm Number XLIII/1. (2006).
Davis, P. Imitations of Roman Republican Denarii, website: http://rrimitations.ancients.info.
Dembski, G. Münzen der Kelten. Sammlungskataloge des Kunsthistorischen Museums. (Vienna, 1998).
Göbl, R. Ostkeltischer Typen Atlas. (Braunschweig, 1973).
Grueber, H. Coins of the Roman Republic in The British Museum. (London, 1910).
Kostial, M. Kelten im Osten. Gold und Silber der Kelten in Mittel und Osteuropa. Sammlung Lanz. (München, 1997).
Pick, B. Die antiken Münzen von Dacien und Moesien, Die antiken Münzen Nord-Griechenlands Vol. I/I. (Berlin, 1898).
Pink, K. Münzprägung der Ostkelten und Ihrer Nachbarn. (Harrassowitz, 1939).
Poole, R.S. ed. A Catalog of the Greek Coins in the British Museum, Thrace, etc. (London, 1877).
RPC Online - http://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/coins/
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Denmark, The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum, Vol. 2: Macedonia and Thrace. (West Milford, NJ, 1982).
Varbanov, I. Greek Imperial Coins And Their Values, Vol. III: Thrace (from Perinthus to Trajanopolis), Chersonesos Thraciae, Insula Thraciae, Macedonia. (Bourgas, 2007).

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