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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Medieval & Modern Coins| ▸ |Armenian Cilicia||View Options:  |  |  |   

The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia

Outside the Armenian Highland and distinct from Armenian the Kingdom of Antiquity, Armenian Cilicia was a Christian kingdom formed by refugees fleeing the Seljuk invasion. In 1198, with the crowning of Levon the Magnificent, Armenian Cilicia became a kingdom. The capital was originally at Tarsus, and later at Sis. Cilician Armenia thrived economically, with the port of Ayas serving as a center for East to West trade. The kingdom adopted Western European feudalism and customs for the nobility including chivalry, fashion, and the use of French titles, names, and language. The fall of Sis and then the fortress of Gaban to the Mamluks put an end to the kingdom in 1375. The last king, Levon V, was granted safe passage, and died in exile in Paris.Persian Empire

Crusaders, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, Roupen I, 1080 - 1095 A.D.

|Armenian| |Cilicia|, |Crusaders,| |Armenian| |Kingdom| |of| |Cilicia,| |Roupen| |I,| |1080| |-| |1095| |A.D.||Pogh|
Roupen I declared Cilicia independent from the Byzantine Empire in 1080, founding the Roupenian dynasty, which ruled Cilician Armenia until 1219. He led bold and successful military campaigns against the Byzantines, including capturing the fortress of Pardzerpert (today Andirin in Turkey), which became a stronghold of the new kingdom.
SH65204. Bronze Pogh, Bedoukian CCA 1, Nercessian ACV 245, VF, weight 2.476 g, maximum diameter 20.8 mm, obverse Armenian legend: Raiben. (Roupen), cross within circle, pellets in quarters; reverse Armenian legend: Tsara ay (Servant of God), cross within circle, pellets in quarters; rare; SOLD


Crusaders, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, Hetoum I, 1226 - 1270 A.D.

|Armenian| |Cilicia|, |Crusaders,| |Armenian| |Kingdom| |of| |Cilicia,| |Hetoum| |I,| |1226| |-| |1270| |A.D.||tank|
As the Mongols approached, King Hetoum made a strategic decision to send his brother Smpad to the Mongol court in Karakorum and agree to become a vassal state of the Mongol Empire. In 1254, Hetoum himself traveled to Mongolia to renew the agreement. The account of his travels, "The Journey of Haithon, King of Little Armenia, To Mongolia and Back" is still important for its observations of Mongol, Buddhist, and Chinese culture, geography, and wildlife. The Mamluks invaded Armenia in 1266, taking 40,000 Armenians captive, including Hetoum's son, Leo. Hetoum abdicated in 1270 in favor of his son Leo, and lived out the rest of his life in a monastery, as a Franciscan monk.
SH65348. Copper tank, Nercessian ACV 356, Bedoukian CCA -, EF, bold strike, superb green patina, superb for the type!, weight 7.394 g, maximum diameter 28.1 mm, die axis 180o, Sis mint, 1226 - 1270 A.D.; obverse Armenian inscription: Hetoum King of the Armenians, Hetoum seated facing on bench-like throne, fleur-de-lis tipped scepter (mace) in right, globus cruciger in left; reverse Armenian inscription: Struck in the City of Sis, cross with wedges in the angles; SOLD


Crusaders, Armenian Cilicia, Roupen I, 1080 - 1095 A.D.

|Armenian| |Cilicia|, |Crusaders,| |Armenian| |Cilicia,| |Roupen| |I,| |1080| |-| |1095| |A.D.||Pogh|
In 1080, Roupen I declared Cilicia independent from the Byzantine Empire, founding the Roupenian dynasty, which ruled Cilician Armenia until 1219. He led bold and successful military campaigns against the Byzantines, including capturing the fortress of Pardzerpert (Andirin, Turkey today), which became a stronghold of the new kingdom.
SH66597. Bronze Pogh, Bedoukian CCA 1 var. (no crescent), Nercessian ACV 245 var. (same), aVF, weight 1.853 g, maximum diameter 20.3 mm, die axis 315o, 1080 - 1095 A.D.; obverse Armenian legend: Raiben (Roupen), cross pattée within circle, pellet in each quarter; reverse Armenian legend: Tsara ay (Servant of God), cross pattée within circle, crescent in one quarter; very rare; SOLD


Crusaders, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, Hetoum I, 1226 - 1270 A.D.

|Armenian| |Cilicia|, |Crusaders,| |Armenian| |Kingdom| |of| |Cilicia,| |Hetoum| |I,| |1226| |-| |1270| |A.D.||kardez|
As the Mongols approached, King Hetoum made a strategic decision to send his brother Smpad to the Mongol court in Karakorum and agree to become a vassal state of the Mongol Empire. In 1254, Hetoum himself traveled to Mongolia to renew the agreement. The account of his travels, "The Journey of Haithon, King of Little Armenia, To Mongolia and Back" is still important for its observations of Mongol, Buddhist, and Chinese culture, geography, and wildlife. The Mamluks invaded Armenia in 1266, taking 40,000 Armenians captive, including Hetoum's son, Leo. Hetoum abdicated in 1270 in favor of his son Leo, and lived out the rest of his life in a monastery, as a Franciscan monk.
ME83443. Copper kardez, Bedoukian CCA 1393, Choice VF, weight 5.331 g, maximum diameter 23.7 mm, die axis 225o, 1226 - 1270 A.D.; obverse Hetoum seated facing holding scepter with fleur-de-lis and globus cruciger, star left; reverse cross with wedges and a crescent in the angles; SOLD


Crusaders, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, Hetoum I, 1226 - 1270 A.D.

|Armenian| |Cilicia|, |Crusaders,| |Armenian| |Kingdom| |of| |Cilicia,| |Hetoum| |I,| |1226| |-| |1270| |A.D.||kardez|
As the Mongols approached, King Hetoum made a strategic decision to send his brother Smpad to the Mongol court in Karakorum and agree to become a vassal state of the Mongol Empire. In 1254, Hetoum himself traveled to Mongolia to renew the agreement. The account of his travels, "The Journey of Haithon, King of Little Armenia, To Mongolia and Back" is still important for its observations of Mongol, Buddhist, and Chinese culture, geography, and wildlife. The Mamluks invaded Armenia in 1266, taking 40,000 Armenians captive, including Hetoum's son, Leo. Hetoum abdicated in 1270 in favor of his son Leo, and lived out the rest of his life in a monastery, as a Franciscan monk.
CR65347. Copper kardez, cf. Nercessian ACV 360, Bedoukian CCA 1376, EF, off-center on a tight flan, nice green patina, weight 3.948 g, maximum diameter 22.4 mm, die axis 180o, Sis mint, 1226 - 1270 A.D.; obverse Armenian inscription: + Hetoum King of the Armenians, Hetoum riding right, scepter with fleur-de-lis in right; reverse Armenian inscription: + Struck in the City of Sis, cross pattée, wedge in each angle; SOLD


Crusaders, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, Levon I the Magnificent, 1198 - 1219 A.D.

|Armenian| |Cilicia|, |Crusaders,| |Armenian| |Kingdom| |of| |Cilicia,| |Levon| |I| |the| |Magnificent,| |1198| |-| |1219| |A.D.||tram|
Leo II, or Lewon I, Levon I, and sometimes Levon I the Magnificent, was the tenth lord of Armenian Cilicia or “Lord of the Mountains” 1187-1198 - 1199 and the first king of Armenian Cilicia. During his reign, Leo succeeded in establishing Cilician Armenia as a powerful and a unified Christian state with a preeminence in political affairs. Leo eagerly led his kingdom alongside the armies of the Third Crusade and provided the crusaders with provisions, guides, pack animals and all manner of aid. Under his rule, Armenian power in Cilicia was at its apogee: his kingdom extended from Isauria to the Amanus Mountains
CR89016. Silver tram, Nercessian ACV 282 ff., gVF, toned, weight 2.869 g, maximum diameter 21.9 mm, die axis 270o, Armenia mint, obverse Armenian legend: Levon King of the Armenians, king seated on throne ornamented with lions, his feet resting on a footstool, wearing a crown and royal mantle on his shoulders, cross in right hand, fleur-de-lis in left hand; reverse Armenian legend: By the will of God, long cross with two bars, between two rampant lions facing outward, heads regardant; ex Münzenhandlung Brom (Berlin, Germany); SOLD


Crusaders, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, Levon I the Magnificent, 1198 - 1219 A.D.

|Armenian| |Cilicia|, |Crusaders,| |Armenian| |Kingdom| |of| |Cilicia,| |Levon| |I| |the| |Magnificent,| |1198| |-| |1219| |A.D.||tram|
Leo, having governed the country twelve years as Baron and twenty-two as King, felt his end approaching, and appointed in an assembly of the whole nobility of the kingdom, a certain baron named Atan to be Regent of the country and guardian of his daughter. Leo died soon after and was buried in the church of Agner; a part of his body was brought into the town of Sis, and a church was built thereupon. -- Vahram of Edessa: The Rhymed Chronicle of Armenia Minor
CR72028. Silver tram, cf. Bedoukian CCA 237, Nercessian ACV 289, VF, well centered, nicely toned, weight 2.506 g, maximum diameter 22.7 mm, die axis 315o, 1198 - 1219 A.D.; obverse Armenian legend: Levon King of the Armenians, Levon seated facing on throne ornamented with lions, wearing crown and royal mantle on shoulders, cross in right, lis in left, feet on footstool; reverse Armenian legend: By the will of God, patriarchal cross, flanked on each side by a rampant lion facing outwards and looking back inward; SOLD


Crusaders, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, Levon I the Magnificent, 1198 - 1219 A.D.

|Armenian| |Cilicia|, |Crusaders,| |Armenian| |Kingdom| |of| |Cilicia,| |Levon| |I| |the| |Magnificent,| |1198| |-| |1219| |A.D.||tram|
In 1198, Levon the Magnificent was crowned the first King of Armenian Cilicia. He transformed his Byzantine principality into a thriving, powerful and a unified state, which lasted until it fell to the Mamluks in 1375.
ME58772. Silver tram, cf. Bedoukian CCA 234, Nercessian ACV 286, gVF, toned, weight 2.276 g, maximum diameter 22.8 mm, die axis 0o, 1198 - 1219 A.D.; obverse Armenian legend: + Levon King of the Armenians, Levon seated facing on throne ornamented with lions, wearing crown and royal mantle on shoulders, cross in right, lis in left, feet on footstool; reverse Armenian legend: + By the will of God, patriarchal cross, flanked on each side by a rampant lion facing outwards and looking back inward, pellet on each side of the cross below the lower arm; SOLD


Crusaders, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, Hetoum I, 1226 - 1270 A.D.

|Armenian| |Cilicia|, |Crusaders,| |Armenian| |Kingdom| |of| |Cilicia,| |Hetoum| |I,| |1226| |-| |1270| |A.D.||tram|
As the Mongols approached, King Hetoum made a strategic decision to send his brother Smpad to the Mongol court in Karakorum and agree to become a vassal state of the Mongol Empire. In 1254, Hetoum himself traveled to Mongolia to renew the agreement. The account of his travels, "The Journey of Haithon, King of Little Armenia, To Mongolia and Back" is still important for its observations of Mongol, Buddhist, and Chinese culture, geography, and wildlife. The Mamluks invaded Armenia in 1266, taking 40,000 Armenians captive, including Hetoum's son, Leo. Hetoum abdicated in 1270 in favor of his son Leo, and lived out the rest of his life in a monastery, as a Franciscan monk.
CR89073. Silver tram, cf. Nercessian ACV 332, aVF, toned, weight 2.870 g, maximum diameter 21.3 mm, die axis 90o, Sis (near Kozan, Turkey) mint, obverse Armenian legend: Hetoum king of the Armenians, crowned lion standing right, long cross in center on far side dividing legend above; reverse Armenian legend: By the will of God, King Hetoum (on right) and Queen Zabel standing holding long cross between them, star low on shaft; ex Munzhandlung Ritter (Düsseldorf, Germany); SOLD


Crusaders, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, Levon III, 1301 - 1307 A.D.

|Armenian| |Cilicia|, |Crusaders,| |Armenian| |Kingdom| |of| |Cilicia,| |Levon| |III,| |1301| |-| |1307| |A.D.||tram|
In 1301, Levon III was made co-ruler by his uncle Hetoum II. In 1305 he was crowned king and his uncle, who officially retired, became regent. In 1305, Hetoum and Levon led the Armenian army to defeat a Mamluk raiding force at Bagras. On November 17, 1307, Levon and Hetoum were murdered with their retinue while visiting their Mongol allies' general, Bilarghu. Bilarghu had converted to Islam and sought to build a mosque in the capital city of Sis, but Hetoum had blocked the move and complained to the Mongol ilkhan, Oljeitu. Bilarghu was later executed by the Great Khan for his actions.
ME92100. Silver tram, Nercessian ACV 419, Bedoukian CCA 1734, aVF, flan crack, uneven toning, weight 2.468 g, maximum diameter 21.2 mm, die axis 330o, Sis (near Kozan, Turkey) mint, 1301 - 1307 A.D.; obverse Armenian inscription: + Levon king of the Armenians, Levon on horseback riding right, head facing, holding scepter and reins, three pellets upper left; reverse Armenian inscription, Lion advancing right, long cross upright on far side, one pellet upper left; SOLD




  




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REFERENCES|

Bedoukian, P. Coinage of Cilician Armenia. ANSNNM 147. (1962).
Bedoukian, P. Medieval Armenian Coins. (Paris, 1971).
Bedoukian, P. "Two Hoards of Levon II Trams" in Selected Numismatic Studies II. (Los Angeles, 2003).
Kovacs, F. "Additions and corrections to Armenian coins and their Values" in Armenian Numismatic Journal 30/3. (2004).
Metcalf, D. "Classification of the Trams of Levon I of Cilician Armenia" in RBN CXVIII. (1972).
Nercessian, Y. Armenian Coins and Their Values. Armenian Numismatic Society, Special Publication No. 8. (Los Angeles, 1995).

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