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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Antiquities| ▸ |Antiquities by Material| ▸ |Metal Antiquities||View Options:  |  |  |   

Metal Antiquities

Copper was shaped by hammering from early prehistoric times. The Timna Valley in Israel contains evidence of copper mining in 7000 - 5000 B.C. Copper pins, arrowheads, and small personal accouterments date from this time, and it was not long until these gave way to chisels, axes, needles, and larger tools. Ötzi the Iceman found in the Alps in 1991, dated to about 3300 B.C., was found with a copper axe.

Bronze, a harder alloy of copper and tin, was developed in Egypt during the 3rd Dynasty, c. 2650 B.C. It was commonly used from 2200 B.C. In the Bronze Age, metal vessels and statues of deities were introduced. Beautiful bronze animals, pins, and finials from Luristan and Amlash date to the 8th century B.C. Bronze kouros and animals are among the archaic bronzes made in Greece. From the 6th - 4th century B.C., Etruscan bronze figures included warriors, gods, and goddesses. In Egypte, the vast pantheon of Egyptian gods and goddesses were cast by the "lost wax" process. Greek and Roman vessels and bronze figures range from artistic masterpieces to utilitarian ware. Smaller bronze artifacts are also collectible - clothing ornaments, arrowheads, swords, daggers, buckles, fibulas, hair ornaments, and amulets.

Lead was used only sparingly, but was used in Greco-Roman times for weights, seal impressions, and sling bullets.

Iron was used from the 12th century B.C., primarily for weapons and tools. Due to rust, other than arrowheads and spear points, few ancient iron artifacts survive in attractive collectible condition.

Egyptian, 18th Dynasty - Ptolemaic Period, Bronze Mirror with Wooden Handle, c. 1550 - 30 B.C.

|Egyptian| |Antiquities|, |Egyptian,| |18th| |Dynasty| |-| |Ptolemaic| |Period,| |Bronze| |Mirror| |with| |Wooden| |Handle,| |c.| |1550| |-| |30| |B.C.|
AEA30996. Egyptian mirror; see Petrie, Objects of Daily Use, pl. xxvi - xxviii, length 27 cm (10 1/2"), width 14.8 cm (5 3/4"), original red, brown, and green polychrome pigment on gesso, ribbed handle is not firmly attached but slides on a bronze tenon; verdigris and minor bend in mirror, pigment and gesso chipped on handle; rare with handle; SOLD


Egyptian Bronze Statue Seated Isis Suckling Infant Horus, 664 - 30 B.C.

|Egyptian| |Antiquities|, |Egyptian| |Bronze| |Statue| |Seated| |Isis| |Suckling| |Infant| |Horus,| |664| |-| |30| |B.C.|
AEA30985. Egyptian, bronze Isis seated with Horus, cf. Yale Egyptian p. 150, B, near Choice, original patina, feet and tip of horn missing, 664 - 332/30 B.C.; Isis seated in tightly-fitting dress, height 13.3 cm (5"), uraeus and solar disk and cow horn crown, offering her left breast to her son Horus seated on her lap, he wears a skull-cap with uraeus and the side lock of youth; SOLD


Hellenistic Levant, Bronze Kohl Pot, 4th - 3rd Century B.C.

|Holy| |Land| |Antiquities|, |Hellenistic| |Levant,| |Bronze| |Kohl| |Pot,| |4th| |-| |3rd| |Century| |B.C.|
Kohl, a lead ore (usually galena), was an eyeliner used by women of Egypt and the Levante, rich and poor. Kohl was not only used to enhance appearance, it was also believed to provide protection for the eyes.

The incised webbed pattern decoration imitates a traditional net design used on Amphoriskoi in the Levant for a millennia.
AA23902. Cast bronze kohl pot, Choice, green patina, encrustations, complete and intact with kohl stick, 4th - 3rd Century B.C.; elongated tapering amphoriskos form with wings, loops for suspension, squat neck, and flared lip, endowed with a female form, primarily indicated by two breasts on the upper portion of the vessel, incised web pattern designs on both sides; ex Griffin Gallery of Ancient Art (Boca Raton FL); reputedly found near Jerusalem, in Israel; SOLD


Egyptian, Late Period - Ptolemaic Period, Bronze Figure of Osiris, 664 - 30 B.C.

|Egyptian| |Antiquities|, |Egyptian,| |Late| |Period| |-| |Ptolemaic| |Period,| |Bronze| |Figure| |of| |Osiris,| |664| |-| |30| |B.C.|
Osiris is the god of fertility, agriculture, the afterlife, the dead, resurrection, life, and vegetation in ancient Egyptian religion. He was classically depicted as a green-skinned deity with a pharaoh's beard, partially mummy-wrapped at the legs, wearing a distinctive atef crown, and holding a symbolic crook and flail. He was one of the first to be associated with the mummy wrap. When his brother Set cut him up into pieces after killing him, Osiris' wife Isis found all the pieces and wrapped his body up, enabling him to return to life. Osiris was widely worshiped until the decline of ancient Egyptian religion during the rise of Christianity in the Roman Empire. Through the hope of new life after death, Osiris began to be associated with the cycles in nature, in particular the sprouting of vegetation and the annual flooding of the Nile River, as well as the heliacal rising of Orion and Sirius at the start of the new year. He became the sovereign that granted all life, "He Who is Permanently Benign and Youthful." Some Egyptologists believe the Osiris mythos may have originated in a former living ruler – possibly a shepherd who lived in Predynastic times (5500–3100 BC) in the Nile Delta, whose beneficial rule led to him being revered as a god. The accoutrements of the shepherd, the crook and the flail, support this theory.
AS30991. Egyptian, bronze figure of the god Osiris; cf. Yale Egyptian p. 150, B, Choice excellent detail, original patina, 664 - 30 B.C.; in mummified form wearing Atef-crown with Uraeus, height 11 cm (4 3/8"), braided beard curved at the tip, holding the royal regalia crock and flail; two-sided; SOLD


Egyptian, Late Period - Ptolemaic Period, Bronze Figure of Osiris, 664 - 30 B.C.

|Egyptian| |Antiquities|, |Egyptian,| |Late| |Period| |-| |Ptolemaic| |Period,| |Bronze| |Figure| |of| |Osiris,| |664| |-| |30| |B.C.|
Osiris is the god of fertility, agriculture, the afterlife, the dead, resurrection, life, and vegetation in ancient Egyptian religion. He was classically depicted as a green-skinned deity with a pharaoh's beard, partially mummy-wrapped at the legs, wearing a distinctive atef crown, and holding a symbolic crook and flail. He was one of the first to be associated with the mummy wrap. When his brother Set cut him up into pieces after killing him, Osiris' wife Isis found all the pieces and wrapped his body up, enabling him to return to life. Osiris was widely worshiped until the decline of ancient Egyptian religion during the rise of Christianity in the Roman Empire. Through the hope of new life after death, Osiris began to be associated with the cycles in nature, in particular the sprouting of vegetation and the annual flooding of the Nile River, as well as the heliacal rising of Orion and Sirius at the start of the new year. He became the sovereign that granted all life, "He Who is Permanently Benign and Youthful." Some Egyptologists believe the Osiris mythos may have originated in a former living ruler – possibly a shepherd who lived in Predynastic times (5500–3100 BC) in the Nile Delta, whose beneficial rule led to him being revered as a god. The accoutrements of the shepherd, the crook and the flail, support this theory.
AB31065. Egyptian, bronze figure of the god Osiris, cf. Yale Egyptian p. 150, B, Choice, excellent detail, original patina, 664 - 30 B.C.; in mummified form wearing Atef-crown with Uraeus, height 13.0 cm (5"), braided beard curved at the tip, holding the royal regalia crock and flail; two-sided, loop on back; SOLD


Roman, Bronze Vessel (Perhaps a Lamp Stand), 1st - 2nd Century A.D.

|Metal| |Antiquities|, |Roman,| |Bronze| |Vessel| |(Perhaps| |a| |Lamp| |Stand),| |1st| |-| |2nd| |Century| |A.D.|
From the collection of Alex G. Malloy, former dealer in antiquities for 40 years.

Most of the bronze lamp stands in the British Museum have a nearly identical form, with a low tripod base, long stem, and bowl top but they are larger and none have a sawtooth rim bowl.
AM36070. Bronze vessel with bowl on long stemmed tripod base; 7 ½ inches high, Choice, the upper bowl has sawtooth rim, convex curved sides, and a round bottom, narrow stem widening slightly to the base, low tripod base with a flat central disk and s-shaped legs; SOLD


Egyptian Bronze Lotus-Shaped Situla with Relief Offering Scene, Late Period, 712 - 30 B.C.

|Egyptian| |Antiquities|, |Egyptian| |Bronze| |Lotus-Shaped| |Situla| |with| |Relief| |Offering| |Scene,| |Late| |Period,| |712| |-| |30| |B.C.|
The situla was a ritual vessel for offering holy Nile water. The top register displays two pairs of monkeys between two solar boats, referring to the god Thot in the Underworld. The middle, tallest register displays the dedicant making an offering with papyrus stalk and altar before ithyphallic Amen-re-c, Isis, Osiris, Nephthys, Ptah, Sekhmet and Nefertem. The next register displays sacred barks and the figure of a jackal. The bottom register displays a large lotus flower, referring to the birth of the universe.
AB30978. Situla in the shape of a lotus flower, with two loops for suspension, ornamented with four rows (registers) of divine scenes, height 10 cm (3 7/8"), SOLD


Egyptian, Late Period - Ptolemaic Period, Bronze Figure of Osiris, 664 - 30 B.C.

|Egyptian| |Antiquities|, |Egyptian,| |Late| |Period| |-| |Ptolemaic| |Period,| |Bronze| |Figure| |of| |Osiris,| |664| |-| |30| |B.C.|
Osiris is the god of fertility, agriculture, the afterlife, the dead, resurrection, life, and vegetation in ancient Egyptian religion. He was classically depicted as a green-skinned deity with a pharaoh's beard, partially mummy-wrapped at the legs, wearing a distinctive atef crown, and holding a symbolic crook and flail. He was one of the first to be associated with the mummy wrap. When his brother Set cut him up into pieces after killing him, Osiris' wife Isis found all the pieces and wrapped his body up, enabling him to return to life. Osiris was widely worshiped until the decline of ancient Egyptian religion during the rise of Christianity in the Roman Empire. Through the hope of new life after death, Osiris began to be associated with the cycles in nature, in particular the sprouting of vegetation and the annual flooding of the Nile River, as well as the heliacal rising of Orion and Sirius at the start of the new year. He became the sovereign that granted all life, "He Who is Permanently Benign and Youthful." Some Egyptologists believe the Osiris mythos may have originated in a former living ruler – possibly a shepherd who lived in Predynastic times (5500–3100 BC) in the Nile Delta, whose beneficial rule led to him being revered as a god. The accoutrements of the shepherd, the crook and the flail, support this theory.
AB31082. Egyptian, bronze figure of the god Osiris, cf. Yale Egyptian p. 150, B, Choice, excellent detail, original patina, 664 - 30 B.C.; in mummified form wearing Atef-crown with Uraeus, height 13.6 cm (5 1/8"), braided beard curved at the tip, holding the royal regalia crock and flail, two-sided, tang below feet for mounting upright; SOLD


Titus, 24 June 79 - 13 September 81 A.D., Imperial Seal Box

|Titus|, |Titus,| |24| |June| |79| |-| |13| |September| |81| |A.D.,| |Imperial| |Seal| |Box|
When the Romans sent important small packages by courier, such as documents or valuables, they were were placed in strong leather or cloth bags, which were sealed with a stout cord, the knot covered in wax and impressed with the sender's signet. To protect the wax seal, it and the knot were encased in a small, ornamental metal box with an hinged lid and two holes in the back for the cord. In addition, the lid could be kept closed by further cords sewn to the package and tied around it. Hinged boxes used for this purpose have been found in Britain, where they tend to date to the 2nd and 3rd centuries and are mostly of enameled bronze. However, they certainly started earlier. Hattatt illustrated an example found in Ostia bearing the portraits of Hadrian and Sabina (p. 464, 151) and seal boxes with portraits of Vespasian and Domitian have been found in London and must have been used by high officials (P. Salway, A History of Roman Britain [Oxford 2001], p. 381). This was certainly the case with this piece, especially given its splendid portrait of Titus, which was surely made by workers in the imperial mint in Rome and then sent out for official use in the provinces. See Roman| Seal| Boxes| by Colin| Andrews| - https://www.ukdfd.co.uk/pages/roman-seal-boxes.html for more information, as well as other examples of the type.
AS75699. cf. Hattatt ABOA, pp. 461 ff. (for general type); Nomos I 144 (cover only, head right), nice green patina, hing broken, Piriform-shaped bronze box with hinged cover, decorated with laureate head of Titus left, done in repoussé work; base perforated with three holes; 3.51g, 24mm x 17mm, 9mm (depth); ex Triton XIII (5-6 Jan 2010), lot 314; very rare; SOLD


Ptolemaic Egypt, Lead Weight of 8 Ptolemaic Silver Drachms (28.599g), 162 - 30 B.C.

|Weights| |&| |Scales|, |Ptolemaic| |Egypt,| |Lead| |Weight| |of| |8| |Ptolemaic| |Silver| |Drachms| |(28.599g),| |162| |-| |30| |B.C.||weight|
This weight shares the same value side die with a 35.71 g weight from Kunker auction 182, lot 403. The Kunker example has a Ptolemy VI, Kiton mint, year 20 (162/1 B.C.), tetradrachm reverse type instead of the Athens tetradrachm obverse type on our example. Click to see the Kunker weight. The shared die suggest that the two weight types were manufactured in pairs and, despite the difference in weight, were used to weigh an equal value of silver. Our weight with Athena's head would have been used to weigh eight pre-170 B.C. drachms with a higher silver standard (the greater purity symbolized by the Athens tetradrachm). The Kunker weight would have been used to weigh ten post-170 B.C. debased Ptolemaic silver drachms, which had a value equal to eight of the older purer drachms.
AS84035. Lead weight, VF, pierced horizontally on the edge for stringing and suspension, weight 28.599 g, maximum diameter 27.4 mm, die axis 270o, Ptolemaic mint, 162 - 30 B.C.; obverse head of Athena right, wearing a crested helmet ornamented with a floral scroll and olive leaves (imitative of Athens "old style" tetradrachms); reverse monogram, over H (8) AΣ (abbreviating AΣ[ΗMI]=silver(?), Σ reversed), over P; ex Roma e-sale 21, lot 1134; SOLD




  




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REFERENCES

Amorai-Stark, S., and S. & M. Hershkovitz. Gemstones, Finger Rings, and Seal Boxes from Caesarea Maritima, The Hendler Collection. (Tel Aviv, 2016).
Babelon, E. & J. Blanchet. Catalogue des bronzes antiques de la Bibliotheque National. (Paris, 1895).
Baratte, F, et al. Vases antiques de metal au Muse´e de Chalon-sur-Saone. (Dijon, 1984).
Bartus, D. "Roman Figural Bronzes From Brigetio: Preliminary Notes" in Anodos, Studies of the Ancient World, 10/2010, pp. 17-27.
Ceci. C. Piccoli bronzi del Museo Nazionale di Napoli. (New York, 1858).
Comstock, M. & C. Vermeule. Greek, Etruscan, & Roman Bronzes in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Boston Museum of Fine Arts. (Boston, 1971).
Cornelius, I. The Iconography of the Canaanite Gods Reshef and Ba’al: Late Bronze and Iron Age I Periods (c 1500 – 1000 BCE). (Fribourg, 1994).
den Boesterd, M. Description of the Collections in the Rijksmuseum G.M. Kam at Nijmegen V, The Bronze Vessels. (1956).
Di Niro, A. (ed). Il Museo Sannitico di Campobasso, Catalogo della Collezione Provinciale. 2nd edition. (Pescara, 2007).
Edgar, C. Catalogue Général des Antiquités Egyptiennes du Musée de Caire, Greek Bronzes. (Cairo, 1904).
Koster, A. Description of the Collections in the Rijksmuseum G.M. Kam at Nijmegen XIII, The Bronze Vessels 2. (Gelderland, 1997).
Kozloff, A (ed.). Animals in Ancient Art from the Leo Mildenberg Collection. (Cleveland, 1981).
Kozloff, A (ed.). More animals in ancient art: From the Leo Mildenberg collection. (Mainz, 1986).
Lamb, W. Greek and Roman Bronzes. (London, 1929).
Hattatt, R. Ancient Brooches and Other Artifacts. (Oxford, 1989).
Hayes, J. Greek, Roman, and Related Metalware in the Royal Ontario Museum. (Toronto, 1984).
Mattusch, C. Classical Bronzes: The Art and Craft of Greek and Roman Statuary. (Ithica, NY, 1996).
Mattusch, C. Greek Bronze Statuary: From the Beginnings through the Fifth Century B.C. (Ithica, NY, 1989).
Maxwell-Hyslop, R. "Daggers and Swords in Western Asia: A Study from Prehistoric Times to 600 B.C." in Iraq, Vol. 8 (1946), pp. 1-65.
Mertens, J. Greek Bronzes in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. (New York, 1985).
Milovanivic, B. & N. Mrdjic. "Ring-Keys from Viminacium" in Journal of the Serbian Archaeological Society, Vol. 32. (Belgrade, 2016).
Milovanovic, B. & A. Raickovic Savic. "Seal Boxes From the Viminacium Site" in Institute of Archaeology, Belgrade, STARINAR LXIII (2013), pp. 219 - 236.
Negbi, O. Canaanite Gods in Metal: An Archaeological Study of Ancient Syro-Palestinian Figures During the Bronze Ages, circa 3100 to 1200 BCE. (Tel Aviv, 1976).
Petrie, F. Objects of Daily Use. (London, 1927).
Petrovszky, R. Studien zu römischen Bronze Gefassen mit Meister Stempeln. (Buch am Erlbach, 1993).
Radnóti, A. Die Römischen Bronzegefässe von Pannonien. (Leipzig, 1938).
Raev, B. "De Bronzegefässe der römischen Kaiserzeit in Thrakien und Mosien" in Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission, 58 (1977), pp. 607 - 642.
Richter, G. Greek, Etruscan and Roman Bronzes. (New York, 1915).
Ridder, A. Les Bronzes antiques du Louvre, I. Les Figurines. (Paris, 1913).
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Rolland, H. Bronzes Antiques de Haute Provence. (Paris, 1965).
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Smith, C. Catalogue of Bronzes in the Collection of J. Pierpont Morgan. (Paris, 1913).
Tassinari, S. Il vasellame bronzeo di Pompei. (Rome, 1993).
Walters, H. Catalogue of the Bronzes, Greek, Roman, and Etruscan, in the British Museum. (London, 1899).
Warden, P. The Hilprecht Collection of Greek, Italic, and Roman Bronzes in the University of Pennsylvania Museum. (Philadelphia, 1997).

Most references for jewelry, fibulae, weapons, arrowheads, sling bullets, lamps, and weights are not listed above. For improved clarity they are listed on the shop pages dedicated specifically to those types of antiquities.

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