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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Greek Coins| ▸ |Geographic - All Periods| ▸ |Thrace & Moesia| ▸ |Odessos||View Options:  |  |  |   

Odessos, Thrace - Moesia Inferior

Odessa, Thrace is Varna, Bulgaria today. Miletian Greeks founded an apoikia (trading post) at the Thracian settlement around 600 B.C., creating a mixed Greek and Thracian community. Philip II besieged the city in 339. Getae priests persuaded him to make a treaty but the city surrendered to Alexander the Great in 335 B.C. Odessus, along with other Pontic cities and the Gatae, rebelled against Lysimachus in 313 B.C. After Lysimachus' death in 281, the city reverted to striking in the types and names of Alexander the Great and continued to strike Alexandrine tetradrachms until at least 70 B.C. After the Battle of Pydna in 168 B.C., Thrace passed to Rome. The Thracians, however, did not all readily accept Roman dominion. Several revolts occurred. The next century and a half saw the slow development of Thracia into a permanent Roman client state. According to the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, Ampliatus, a follower of Saint Andrew preached in the city in 56 A.D. Public baths erected in the late 2nd century A.D. are the largest Roman remains in Bulgaria and the fourth-largest known Roman baths in Europe. During the Middle Ages, control changed from Byzantine to Bulgarian hands several times. On 10 November 1444, the Ottoman army routed an army of crusaders outside the city. The failure of the Crusade of Varna made the fall of Constantinople all but inevitable.

Macedonian Kingdom, Alexander the Great, 336 - 323 B.C.

|Alexander| |the| |Great|, |Macedonian| |Kingdom,| |Alexander| |the| |Great,| |336| |-| |323| |B.C.||stater|
Odessus surrendered to Alexander the Great in 335 B.C. Rule passed to his diadochus Lysimachus, but in coalition with other Pontic cities and the Getae, Odessus rebelled in 313 B.C. After Lysimachus' death in 281, the city reverted to striking in the types and name of Alexander the Great and continued to strike Alexandrine tetradrachms until at least 70 B.C.
SH33210. Gold stater, Price 1137 ff. var. (different right field marks), VF, weight 8.451 g, maximum diameter 18.8 mm, die axis 0o, Thrace, Odessos (Varna, Bulgaria) mint, c. 280 - 200 B.C.; obverse head of Athena right wearing earring, necklace, and crested Corinthian helmet decorated with a coiled snake, hair in ringlets; reverse BAΣIΛEΩΣ AΛEΞANΔPOY, Nike standing left, wreath in right hand, stylus in left, OΔ monogram lower left, uncertain (A?) monogram lower right; obverse double-struck; rare variety; SOLD


Pontic Kingdom, Mithradates VI, c. 120 - 63 B.C., In the Name of Alexander the Great

|Pontic| |Kingdom|, |Pontic| |Kingdom,| |Mithradates| |VI,| |c.| |120| |-| |63| |B.C.,| |In| |the| |Name| |of| |Alexander| |the| |Great||tetradrachm|
Mithradates VI Megas (the Great) was king of Pontus in northern Anatolia from about 119 to 63 B.C. He was of both Greek and Persian origin, claiming descent from both Alexander the Great and King Darius I of Persia. Mithradates is remembered as one of Rome's most formidable and successful enemies, who engaged three of the most prominent generals of the late Roman Republic in the so-called Mithridatic Wars: Sulla, Lucullus, and Pompey the Great. On this coin, minted in the name of Alexander but with his own portrait replacing that of Herakles (Alexander), Mithradates VI presents himself as Alexander's successor, the "defender" of Greece, and the "great liberator" of the Greek world. His propaganda translated the Romans into "barbarians," as the Persian Empire was during Alexander's campaign. How many Greeks genuinely bought into this claim will never be known but it served its purpose. At least partially because of it, Mithradates VI was able to fight the First War with Rome on Greek soil, and maintain the allegiance of Greece. His campaign for Greek allegiance was aided in no small part by his enemy Sulla, who allowed his troops to sack Delphi and plunder many of the city's most famous treasures to help finance his military expenses. Mithridates likely issued this type during the second Mithridatic War to pay Scythian and Thracian mercenaries. After Mithradates VI was at last defeated by Pompey and in danger of capture by Rome, he attempted suicide. The poison failed because he had taken daily doses to build immunity. He then made his bodyguard and friend, Bituitus, kill him with a sword.

SH74513. Silver tetradrachm, CCCHBulg I p. 83, 24 (same dies), Price 1192, SNG Cop 725, SNG Oxford 2681, Müller Alexander -, VF, excellent portrait, dark toning, porous areas, marks, edge bump, weight 14.463 g, maximum diameter 27.7 mm, die axis 0o, Odessos (Varna, Bulgaria) mint, Second Mithradatic War, 83 - 81 B.C.; obverse Mithradates VI bust right as Herakles in Nemean lion scalp headdress; reverse BAΣIΛEΩΣ AΛEΞANΔPOY, Zeus seated left on backless throne, eagle in right, long scepter in left hand, ΛAK left, OΔΗ in exergue; SOLD


Pontic Kingdom, Mithradates VI, c. 120 - 63 B.C., In the Name of Alexander the Great

|Pontic| |Kingdom|, |Pontic| |Kingdom,| |Mithradates| |VI,| |c.| |120| |-| |63| |B.C.,| |In| |the| |Name| |of| |Alexander| |the| |Great||tetradrachm|
Mithradates VI Megas (the Great) was king of Pontus in northern Anatolia from about 119 to 63 B.C. He was of both Greek and Persian origin, claiming descent from both Alexander the Great and King Darius I of Persia. Mithradates is remembered as one of Rome's most formidable and successful enemies, who engaged three of the most prominent generals of the late Roman Republic in the so-called Mithridatic Wars: Sulla, Lucullus, and Pompey the Great. On this coin, minted in the name of Alexander but with his own portrait replacing that of Herakles (Alexander), Mithradates VI presents himself as Alexander's successor, the "defender" of Greece, and the "great liberator" of the Greek world. His propaganda translated the Romans into "barbarians," as the Persian Empire was during Alexander's campaign. How many Greeks genuinely bought into this claim will never be known but it served its purpose. At least partially because of it, Mithradates VI was able to fight the First War with Rome on Greek soil, and maintain the allegiance of Greece. His campaign for Greek allegiance was aided in no small part by his enemy Sulla, who allowed his troops to sack Delphi and plunder many of the city's most famous treasures to help finance his military expenses. Mithridates likely issued this type during the second Mithridatic War to pay Scythian and Thracian mercenaries. After Mithradates VI was at last defeated by Pompey and in danger of capture by Rome, he attempted suicide. The poison failed because he had taken daily doses to build immunity. He then made his bodyguard and friend, Bituitus, kill him by the sword.
SH54915. Silver tetradrachm, Price 1191; Prokopov CCCHBulg p. 83, 24 (same obverse die), gVF, weight 15.739 g, maximum diameter 30.0 mm, die axis 0o, Odessos (Varna, Bulgaria) mint, Second Mithradatic War, 83 - 81 B.C.; obverse Mithradates VI bust right as Herakles in Nemean lion scalp headdress; reverse BAΣIΛEΩΣ AΛEΞANΔPOY, Zeus seated left on backless throne, eagle in right, long scepter in left hand, ΛA left, OΔΗ in exergue; SOLD


Pontic Kingdom, Mithradates VI, c. 120 - 63 B.C., In the Name of Alexander the Great

|Odessos|, |Pontic| |Kingdom,| |Mithradates| |VI,| |c.| |120| |-| |63| |B.C.,| |In| |the| |Name| |of| |Alexander| |the| |Great||tetradrachm|
Mithradates VI Megas (the Great) was king of Pontus in northern Anatolia from about 119 to 63 B.C. He was of both Greek and Persian origin, claiming descent from both Alexander the Great and King Darius I of Persia. Mithradates is remembered as one of Rome's most formidable and successful enemies, who engaged three of the most prominent generals of the late Roman Republic in the so-called Mithridatic Wars: Sulla, Lucullus, and Pompey the Great. On this coin, minted in the name of Alexander but with his own portrait replacing that of Herakles (Alexander), Mithradates VI presents himself as Alexander's successor, the "defender" of Greece, and the "great liberator" of the Greek world. His propaganda translated the Romans into "barbarians," as the Persian Empire was during Alexander's campaign. How many Greeks genuinely bought into this claim will never be known but it served its purpose. At least partially because of it, Mithradates VI was able to fight the First War with Rome on Greek soil, and maintain the allegiance of Greece. His campaign for Greek allegiance was aided in no small part by his enemy Sulla, who allowed his troops to sack Delphi and plunder many of the city's most famous treasures to help finance his military expenses. Mithridates likely issued this type during the second Mithridatic War to pay Scythian and Thracian mercenaries. After Mithradates VI was at last defeated by Pompey and in danger of capture by Rome, he attempted suicide. The poison failed because he had taken daily doses to build immunity. He then made his bodyguard and friend, Bituitus, kill him by the sword.Pontic Kingdom Map
GS113422. Silver tetradrachm, Callataÿ p. 87, pl. XXVI, group 2, dies D2/R1; Topalov Odesos, series 31, issue 93; Price 1205; HGC 3-2 1588 (R1), gVF, broad flan, attractive style, toned, rev. a little off center, top of Zeus' head weak, a few scratches on rev., weight 15.691 g, maximum diameter 29.4 mm, die axis 0o, Odessos (Varna, Bulgaria) mint, magistrate Esti..., c. 89 - 85 B.C.; obverse Mithidates VI's (as Herakles) head right, clad in Nemean lion scalp headdress tied at neck; reverse Zeus Aëtophoros enthroned left on a throne without back, nude to the waist, himation around hips and legs, right leg drawn back, eagle in extended right hand, long scepter vertical behind in left hand, BAΣIΛEΩΣ (king) downward on right, AΛΕΞANΔPOY downward on left; ΕΣTI (magistrate) inner left, ΔHO monogram under throne; from the PS Collection, ex Frank Robinson; rare; SOLD


Macedonian Kingdom, Alexander the Great, 336 - 323 B.C.

|Alexander| |the| |Great|, |Macedonian| |Kingdom,| |Alexander| |the| |Great,| |336| |-| |323| |B.C.||tetradrachm|
Odessus surrendered to Alexander the Great in 335 B.C. Rule passed to his diadochus Lysimachus, but in coalition with other Pontic cities and the Getae, Odessus rebelled in 313 B.C. After Lysimachus' death in 281, the city reverted to striking in the types and name of Alexander the Great and continued to strike Alexandrine tetradrachms until at least 70 B.C.
SH05506. Silver tetradrachm, Price 1158 variety, EF, test cut, weight 16.60 g, maximum diameter 30.4 mm, die axis 0o, Odessos (Varna, Bulgaria) mint, posthumous, c. 280 - c. 200 B.C.; obverse head of Herakles right, wearing Nemean Lion skin, scalp over head, forepaws tied at neck; reverse AΛEΞANΔPOY, Zeus Aëtophoros seated left on throne, right leg drawn back, eagle in extended right hand, long scepter vertical behind in left hand, AΣ above ΔO monogram left; beautiful; SOLD


Pontic Kingdom, Mithradates VI, c. 120 - 63 B.C., In the Name of Alexander the Great

|Pontic| |Kingdom|, |Pontic| |Kingdom,| |Mithradates| |VI,| |c.| |120| |-| |63| |B.C.,| |In| |the| |Name| |of| |Alexander| |the| |Great||tetradrachm|
Mithradates VI Megas (the Great) was king of Pontus in northern Anatolia from about 119 to 63 B.C. He was of both Greek and Persian origin, claiming descent from both Alexander the Great and King Darius I of Persia. Mithradates is remembered as one of Rome's most formidable and successful enemies, who engaged three of the most prominent generals of the late Roman Republic in the so-called Mithridatic Wars: Sulla, Lucullus, and Pompey the Great. On this coin, minted in the name of Alexander but with his own portrait replacing that of Herakles (Alexander), Mithradates VI presents himself as Alexander's successor, the "defender" of Greece, and the "great liberator" of the Greek world. His propaganda translated the Romans into "barbarians," as the Persian Empire was during Alexander's campaign. How many Greeks genuinely bought into this claim will never be known but it served its purpose. At least partially because of it, Mithradates VI was able to fight the First War with Rome on Greek soil, and maintain the allegiance of Greece. His campaign for Greek allegiance was aided in no small part by his enemy Sulla, who allowed his troops to sack Delphi and plunder many of the city's most famous treasures to help finance his military expenses. Mithridates likely issued this type during the second Mithridatic War to pay Scythian and Thracian mercenaries. After Mithradates VI was at last defeated by Pompey and in danger of capture by Rome, he attempted suicide. The poison failed because he had taken daily doses to build immunity. He then made his bodyguard and friend, Bituitus, kill him by the sword.
SH64011. Silver tetradrachm, Price 1193, VF, toned, weight 15.780 g, maximum diameter 29.1 mm, die axis 0o, Odessos (Varna, Bulgaria) mint, Second Mithradatic War, 83 - 81 B.C.; obverse Mithradates VI bust right as Herakles in Nemean lion scalp headdress; reverse BAΣIΛEΩΣ AΛEΞANΔPOY, Zeus seated left on backless throne, eagle in right, long scepter in left hand, ΛAKΩ left, OΔΗ in exergue; SOLD


Odessos, Thrace, c. 228 - 210 B.C., Civic Issue in the Types and Name of Alexander the Great

|Alexander| |the| |Great|, |Odessos,| |Thrace,| |c.| |228| |-| |210| |B.C.,| |Civic| |Issue| |in| |the| |Types| |and| |Name| |of| |Alexander| |the| |Great||tetradrachm|
Odessos (Varna, Bulgaria) was created when Miletian Greeks founded an apoikia (trading post) at an existing Thracian settlement around 600 B.C. Odessos was in the Delian league in the 5th century B.C. Philip II besieged it unsuccessfully in 339. Getae priests persuaded him to make a treaty but the city surrendered to his son Alexander the Great in 335. In 313 B.C., in coalition with other Pontic cities and the Getae, Odessos rebelled against Lysimachus. After Lysimachus' death in 281, the city reverted to striking in the types and names of Alexander the Great and continued to strike Alexandrine tetradrachms until at least 70 B.C. After the Battle of Pydna in 168 B.C., Thrace passed to Rome. The Thracians, however, did not all readily accept Roman dominion. Several revolts occurred. The next century and a half saw the slow development of Thracia into a permanent Roman client state.
GS91291. Silver tetradrachm, Black Sea Hoard 267 - 276 (OH/R25), Price 1169, Müller Alexander 408, AMNG II 2123, HGC 3.2 1584, Choice VF, very attractive style, well centered, light toning, weight 16.756 g, maximum diameter 29.0 mm, die axis 0o, Odessos (Varna, Bulgaria) mint, c. 228 - 210 B.C.; obverse head of Herakles right, wearing Nemean lion-scalp headdress; reverse Zeus seated left on throne without back, nude to the waist, himation around hips and legs, eagle in extended right hand, long scepter vertical behind in left hand, right leg drawn back, KoI (magistrate) below arm, ΔO Odessos monogram under throne, AΛΕΞANΔPOY downward on left, BAΣIΛΕΩΣ downward on right; SOLD


Pontic Kingdom, Mithradates VI, c. 120 - 63 B.C., In the Name of Alexander the Great

|Pontic| |Kingdom|, |Pontic| |Kingdom,| |Mithradates| |VI,| |c.| |120| |-| |63| |B.C.,| |In| |the| |Name| |of| |Alexander| |the| |Great||tetradrachm|
The portrait on the obverse bears an unmistakable likeness to Mithridates VI and is similar to his portraits on tetradrachms minted in Pontus. Mithridates likely issued this type during the second Mithridatic War to pay Scythian and Thracian mercenaries.
SH33807. Silver tetradrachm, Price 1192; SNG Cop 725, gVF, some flatness on reverse, weight 14.057 g, maximum diameter 29.5 mm, die axis 0o, Odessos (Varna, Bulgaria) mint, c. 120 - 70 B.C.; obverse head of Herakles right, wearing Nemean Lion skin, scalp over head, forepaws tied at neck; reverse BAΣIΛEΩΣ AΛEΞANΔPOY, Zeus enthroned left, right leg drawn back, eagle perched on extended right arm, scepter in left, ΛAK inner left, OΔH in exergue; SOLD


Odessos, Thrace, c. 280 - 200 B.C., Civic Issue in the Types and Name of Alexander the Great

|Alexander| |the| |Great|, |Odessos,| |Thrace,| |c.| |280| |-| |200| |B.C.,| |Civic| |Issue| |in| |the| |Types| |and| |Name| |of| |Alexander| |the| |Great||tetradrachm|
Odessos (Varna, Bulgaria) was created when Miletian Greeks founded an apoikia (trading post) at an existing Thracian settlement around 600 B.C. Odessos was in the Delian league in the 5th century B.C. Philip II besieged it unsuccessfully in 339. Getae priests persuaded him to make a treaty but the city surrendered to his son Alexander the Great in 335. In 313 B.C., in coalition with other Pontic cities and the Getae, Odessos rebelled against Lysimachus. After Lysimachus' death in 281, the city reverted to striking in the types and names of Alexander the Great and continued to strike Alexandrine tetradrachms until at least 70 B.C. After the Battle of Pydna in 168 B.C., Thrace passed to Rome. The Thracians, however, did not all readily accept Roman dominion. Several revolts occurred. The next century and a half saw the slow development of Thracia into a permanent Roman client state.
SH91295. Silver tetradrachm, Black Sea Hoard 311 - 312 (OK/R32), Price 1160, AMNG II 2116, HGC 3.2 1584, Müller Alexander -, VF, attractive style, well centered and struck, tight flan, light toning, weight 16.621 g, maximum diameter 29.2 mm, die axis 0o, Odessos (Varna, Bulgaria) mint, c. 280 - 200 B.C.; obverse head of Herakles right, wearing Nemean lion-scalp headdress; reverse Zeus seated left on throne without back, nude to the waist, himation around hips and legs, eagle in extended right hand, long scepter vertical behind in left hand, right leg drawn back, KΔ monogram (magistrate) below arm, OΔH Odessos monogram under throne, AΛΕΞANΔPOY downward on left, BAΣIΛΕΩΣ downward on right; SOLD


Pontic Kingdom, Mithradates VI, c. 120 - 63 B.C., In the Name of Alexander the Great

|Pontic| |Kingdom|, |Pontic| |Kingdom,| |Mithradates| |VI,| |c.| |120| |-| |63| |B.C.,| |In| |the| |Name| |of| |Alexander| |the| |Great||tetradrachm|
Mithradates VI Megas (the Great) was king of Pontus in northern Anatolia from about 119 to 63 B.C. He was of both Greek and Persian origin, claiming descent from both Alexander the Great and King Darius I of Persia. Mithradates is remembered as one of Rome's most formidable and successful enemies, who engaged three of the most prominent generals of the late Roman Republic in the so-called Mithridatic Wars: Sulla, Lucullus, and Pompey the Great. On this coin, minted in the name of Alexander but with his own portrait replacing that of Herakles (Alexander), Mithradates VI presents himself as Alexander's successor, the "defender" of Greece, and the "great liberator" of the Greek world. His propaganda translated the Romans into "barbarians," as the Persian Empire was during Alexander's campaign. How many Greeks genuinely bought into this claim will never be known but it served its purpose. At least partially because of it, Mithradates VI was able to fight the First War with Rome on Greek soil, and maintain the allegiance of Greece. His campaign for Greek allegiance was aided in no small part by his enemy Sulla, who allowed his troops to sack Delphi and plunder many of the city's most famous treasures to help finance his military expenses. Mithridates likely issued this type during the second Mithridatic War to pay Scythian and Thracian mercenaries. After Mithradates VI was at last defeated by Pompey and in danger of capture by Rome, he attempted suicide. The poison failed because he had taken daily doses to build immunity. He then made his bodyguard and friend, Bituitus, kill him by the sword.Pontic Kingdom Map
SH26998. Silver tetradrachm, Callataÿ p. 87, pl. XXVI, group 2, dies D2/R2; Topalov Odesos, series 31, issue 93; Price 1205; HGC 3-2 1588 (R1), VF, toned, slight double strike, weight 16.122 g, maximum diameter 29.8 mm, die axis 0o, Odessos (Varna, Bulgaria) mint, magistrate Esti..., c. 89 - 85 B.C.; obverse Mithidates VI's (as Herakles) head right, clad in Nemean lion scalp headdress tied at neck; reverse Zeus Aëtophoros enthroned left on a throne without back, nude to the waist, himation around hips and legs, right leg drawn back, eagle in extended right hand, long scepter vertical behind in left hand, BAΣIΛEΩΣ (king) downward on right, AΛΕΞANΔPOY downward on left; ΕΣTI (magistrate) inner left, ΔHO monogram under throne; rare; SOLD




  




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REFERENCES

Bekov, V. "Roman Provincial Coins of Odessos from the Collection of Alexsander Rusev (1st Century BC-3rd Century AD" in Journal of Historical and Archaeological Research 1-2/2016, pp. 175 - 195.
Corpus Nummorum Thracorum - http://www.corpus-nummorum.eu/
de Callataÿ, F. L'histoire des guerres Mithridatiques vue par les monnaies. (Louvain-La-Neuve, 1997).
de Callataÿ, F. "Les derniers Alexandres posthumes d 'Odessos à la Lumière d 'une trouvaille récente" in Stephanos Nomismatikos.
Hoover, O. Handbook of Coins of Macedon and Its Neighbors, Vol. 3, Part II: Thrace, Skythia, and Taurike, Sixth to First Centuries BC. HGC 3.2. (Lancaster, 2017).
Lazarenko, I. "Chronology of the Coins Minted in Odessos in the Period From the Reign of Emperor Septimius Severus (AD 193-211) Until Emperor Gordian III (AD 238-244)" in Acta Musei Varnanensis VIII-2. (Varna, 2011).
Lazarenko, I. Odessos Coins From the Period of the Roman Empire, Part I: Augustus to Commodus. (Varna, 2016).
Lazarenko, I. Odessos Coins From the Period of the Roman Empire, Part II: Septimius Severus to Geta. (Varna, 2018).
Lazarenko, I. Odessos Coins From the Period of the Roman Empire, Part III: Elagabalus to Severus Alexander. (Varna, 2016).
Lazarenko, I. Odessos Coins From the Period of the Roman Empire, Part IV: Gordian III. (Varna, 2020).
Marinescu, C. & C. Lorber. "The 'Black Sea' Tetradrachm Hoard" in Studies Prokopov.
Müller, L. Die Münzen Des Thracishen Konigs Lysimacus. (Copenhagen, 1858).
Müller, L. Numismatique d'Alexandre le Grand; Appendice les monnaies de Philippe II et III, et Lysimaque. (Copenhagen, 1855-58).
Petac, E. & A. Vilcu. "The Lysimachus Type Gold Mintage from Odessos" in Istros 19 (2013).
Pick, B. & K. Regling. Die antiken Münzen von Dacien und Möesien, Die antiken Münzen Nord-Griechenlands Vol. I/II. (Berlin, 1910).
Poole, R. ed. A Catalog of the Greek Coins in the British Museum, Thrace, etc. (London, 1877).
Price, M. The Coinage in the name of Alexander the Great and Philip Arrhidaeus. (Zurich-London, 1991).
Prokopov, I. Coin Collections and Coin Hoards From Bulgaria, Vol. I: Numismatic Collections of the Historical Museum Lovech & the Historical Museum Razgrad. (Sofia, 2007).
Sear, D. Greek Coins and Their Values, Volume 1: Europe. (London, 1978).
Sear, D. Greek Imperial Coins and Their Values. (London, 1982).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Denmark, The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum, Vol. 2: Macedonia and Thrace. (West Milford, NJ, 1982).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Deutschland, München Staatlische Münzsammlung, Part 10/11: Makedonien - Könige. (Berlin, 2001).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Great Britain III, R.C. Lockett Collection, Part 2: Sicily - Thrace (gold and silver). (London, 1939).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Great Britain IX, British Museum, Part 1: The Black Sea. (London, 1993).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Great Britain XI, The William Stancomb Collection of Coins of the Black Sea Region. (Oxford, 2000).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Italy, Milano, Civiche Raccolte Numismatiche VI: Macedonia-Thracia, Part 3:...Thracia, Chersonesus Thraciae, Isole della Thracia. (Milan, 2000).
Topalov, S. Odesos: Contribution to the Study of the Coin Minting of the City, 4th-1st C. B.C. (Sofia, 1999).
Varbanov, I. Greek Imperial Coins And Their Values, Vol. I: Dacia, Moesia Superior & Moesia Inferior. (Bourgas, Bulgaria, 2005).
von Prokesh-Osten, A. "Liste des Alexandres de ma collection qui ne se trouvent pas dans le catalogue de Mr. L. Müller" in NZ 1 (Constantinople, 1869). pp. 31 - 64.

Catalog current as of Tuesday, March 19, 2024.
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