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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Roman Coins| ▸ |The Twelve Caesars| ▸ |Domitian||View Options:  |  |  |   

Domitian, 13 September 81 - 18 September 96 A.D.

Flavius Domitianus was an effective emperor who spent much of his time in the provinces preserving order. Despite his effectiveness, he was extremely unpopular with the senatorial class at Rome. He appointed persons from the lower classes to positions of authority. Domitian's reign was marred by paranoia and cruelty in his latter years and he executed many Senators. When asked to prohibit execution of senators without a trial by peers he declined, thus dispelling the old illusions of republican government and exposing the true autocracy of his rule. In 96 A.D., he was stabbed to death in a plot, allegedly involving his own wife.

|Domitian|, |Domitian,| |13| |September| |81| |-| |18| |September| |96| |A.D.||aureus|
Minerva was the Roman virgin goddess of wisdom, trade, medicine, arts, and magic. From the 2nd century B.C., the Romans equated her with the Greek goddess Athena and often depicted her with her sacred owl. Minerva was born from the head of Jupiter. After impregnating the Titaness Metis, Jupiter recalled a prophecy that his own child would overthrow him. Fearing their child would rule the Heavens in his place, Jupiter swallowed Metis whole. The Titaness forged weapons and armor for her child while within the father-god, and the constant pounding and ringing gave him a headache. To relieve the pain, Vulcan used a hammer to split Jupiter's head. From the cleft, Minerva emerged, whole, adult, and bearing her mother's weapons and armor.
SH33105. Gold aureus, RIC II-1 508; Calicó 884; BMCRE II -; BnF III -; Hunter I -; Cohen I -, VF, weight 7.392 g, maximum diameter 20.3 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 87 A.D.; obverse IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR·P VI, laureate head right; reverse IMP·XIIII COS XIII·CENS P·P·P·, Minerva standing left, helmeted and draped, thunderbolt in right hand, spear vertical behind in left hand, grounded shield at feet behind; ex Numismatik Lanz auction 144 lot 457; very rare; SOLD


|Domitian|, |Domitian,| |13| |September| |81| |-| |18| |September| |96| |A.D.||aureus|
SH37561. Gold aureus, RIC II-1 Vesp. 918; BMCRE II 196; BnF III 171; SRCV I 2619, gF, light scratches, weight 7.165 g, maximum diameter 19.8 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, as caesar, 76 - 77 A.D.; obverse CAESAR AVG F DOMITIANVS, laureate head right; reverse COS IIII, cornucopia with grain and fruits; SOLD


|Domitian|, |Domitian,| |13| |September| |81| |-| |18| |September| |96| |A.D.||aureus|
Certificate of Authenticity issued by David R. Sear.

The reverse depicts Domitian participating in the Judaea Capta triumph of 71 A.D. He is, as Josephus described him, riding alongside in magnificent apparel and mounted on a horse that was itself a site worth seeing.
SH43075. Gold aureus, RIC II-1 Vesp. 679; BnF III 100; SRCV I 2627, VF, weight 7.019 g, maximum diameter 20.0 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, as caesar, 73 - 75 A.D.; obverse CAES AVG F DOMIT COS II, laureate head right; reverse Domitian on horseback prancing left, wearing military dress, raising right, scepter in left topped with a helmet; SOLD


Vespasian, 1 July 69 - 24 June 79 A.D., Titus & Domitian Reverse

|Vespasian|, |Vespasian,| |1| |July| |69| |-| |24| |June| |79| |A.D.,| |Titus| |&| |Domitian| |Reverse||denarius|
On 14 April 70 A.D. Titus surrounded Jerusalem. He allowed pilgrims to enter to celebrate Passover but this was a trap to put pressure on supplies of food and water; he refused to allow them to leave. On 10 May he began his assault on the walls. The third wall fell on 25 May. The second wall fell on 30 May. On 20 July Titus stormed the Temple Mount. On 4 August 70 A.D. Titus destroyed the Temple. The Jewish fast of Tisha B'Av mourns the Fall of Jerusalem annually on this date.
SH77005. Silver denarius, RIC II-1 16 (R), BnF III 1, RSC II 5, BMCRE II 2, Hunter I 2, SRCV I 2399, EF/aEF, light toning, tight flan, some light bumps and marks, among the finest examples of the type, weight 3.414 g, maximum diameter 17.5 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, Jan - Jun (or later) 70 A.D.; obverse IMP CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVG, laureate head right; reverse CAESAR AVG F COS CAESAR AVG F PR, confronted bare heads of Titus right (on left) and Domitian left (on right); from the Jyrki Muona Collection; ex Helios Numismatik auction 4 (14 Oct 2009), lot 302; ex A. Lynn Collection; rare; SOLD


|Domitian|, |Domitian,| |13| |September| |81| |-| |18| |September| |96| |A.D.||denarius|
Only the second specimen known to Forum. The other specimen is RIC II 183 (= CNG 51 (1999), lot 1272 = Gemini IX (2012), lot 393). RIC notes that dies were shared between aurei and denarii within this 84 A.D. issue. This type appears to have been struck with an obverse die of a fine style normally reserved for aurei.
SH69603. Silver denarius, RIC II-1 183 (R3, same dies), Cohen -, BMCRE II -, BnF III -, RIC II -, SRCV I -, VF, fine style portrait, weight 2.909 g, maximum diameter 19.8 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 84 A.D.; obverse IMP CAES DOMITI ANVS AVG GERMANIC, laureate and draped bust left; reverse P M TR POT III IMP V COS X P P, Minerva advancing right, brandishing spear in right hand, shield in left, owl at feet right, all atop capital of rostral column; extremely rare, 2nd known; SOLD


|Domitian|, |Domitian,| |13| |September| |81| |-| |18| |September| |96| |A.D.||denarius|
In 93 A.D., Domitian persecuted Christians.
SH53587. Silver denarius, RIC II-1 742; BMCRE II 207; BnF III 186; RSC II 278; Hunter I 82; SRCV I 2736, Superb EF, weight 3.664 g, maximum diameter 17.7 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 14 Sep 92 - 13 Sep 93 A.D; obverse IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P XII, laureate head right; reverse IMP XXII COS XVI CENS P P P, Minerva standing left, helmeted and draped, inverted spear vertical before her in her right hand, her left hand on hip; ex H. S. Perlin Co., 1989; exceptional detail - very rare with the sideburns so well struck, fabulous toning; SOLD


|Domitian|, |Domitian,| |13| |September| |81| |-| |18| |September| |96| |A.D.||denarius|
In 86, Dacia attacked the Roman province of Moesia. After the attack, Domitian personally went to Moesia and reorganized the province into Moesia Inferior and Moesia Superior. In the summer of 87, five or six legions crossed the Danube to attack Dacia. At Tapae they were ambushed. Almost all of the soldiers from Legio V Alaudae were killed, the Dacians captured their flags and war machines, and general Cornelius Fuscus himself was killed in battle. After this victory, the Dacian king Diurpaneus received the name of Decebalus, meaning as strong (or brave) as ten men.
SH60336. Silver denarius, RIC II-1 427 (R); BnF III 89; Carradice 86.1; RSC II 196; Hunter I 30; BMCRE II p. 318 note, Superb EF, weight 3.426 g, maximum diameter 20.7 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, Jan - spring 86 A.D.; obverse IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P V, laureate head right; reverse IMP XI COS XII CENS P P P, Minerva standing right on Columna Rostrata, wearing helmet and aegis, brandishing javelin in right hand, shield in left hand, owl at feet on right; rare; SOLD


|Domitian|, |Domitian,| |13| |September| |81| |-| |18| |September| |96| |A.D.||denarius|
Issued in the last few days of Domitian's reign.

Domitian is one of the emperors that loved acquiring titles. He appointed himself Consul almost every year, and also took the title of Imperator after every military success, even the small ones. Add the tribunician (the constitutional base of imperial power was the tribunicia potestas, powers of the tribune of the people) year count that automatically increased by one after each dies imperii. These changes were diligently reflected by coinage, and as a result, most of the silver issues of the reign can be dated with great precision. One particularly interesting issue is the very last. Titus died on 13th of September 81 A.D., and his younger brother took the throne quickly and smoothly. On 14th of September 96 A.D. Domitian started his 16th year as emperor, but he was murdered on the 18th. The few coins struck in this incredibly short minting interval are extremely rare now. The "Minerva on prow" reverse is not found yet. Our "Minerva with spear" type is not published in the old RIC II nor in Carradice's thesis on Domitian. The new RIC II part I quotes our coin and a second specimen from a private collection, both being struck with the same obverse die. Although slightly obscured by a die break, the final letter of the obverse legend and the attribution as a whole cannot be doubted.
SH34573. Silver denarius, RIC II-1 820 (same obverse die as the pl. coin), VF, toned, weight 3.579 g, maximum diameter 18.3 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 14 - 18 Sept 96 A.D.; obverse IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P XVI, laureate head right; reverse IMP XXII COS XVII CENS P P P, Minerva standing left, helmeted and draped, inverted spear vertical before her in her right hand, her left hand on hip; extremely rare (RIC R2); SOLD


|Domitian|, |Domitian,| |13| |September| |81| |-| |18| |September| |96| |A.D.||sestertius|
An early issue for Domitian, issued under Titus. The portrait style of Domitian resembles that of his brother. Later portraits of Domitian tend to be "Augusticized," more similar to the deified emperor Augustus than to known portraits of other male members of Domitian’s family.
SH57743. Orichalcum sestertius, RIC II-1 (Titus) 297, gVF, weight 24.777 g, maximum diameter 34.0 mm, die axis 225o, Rome mint, as caesar, 80 A.D.; obverse CAES DIVI AVG VESP F DOMITIAN COS VII, laureate head left; reverse Minerva standing right, brandishing spear in right hand, shield in left, S - C; rare (R2); SOLD


|Domitian|, |Domitian,| |13| |September| |81| |-| |18| |September| |96| |A.D.||denarius|
In 94 A.D., Domitian rebuilt and rededicated the Curia Julia, the meeting place of the Roman Senate, which had burned down in 64. Construction began in 44 B.C. but was interrupted by Caesar's assassination at the Theater of Pompey where the Senate had been meeting temporarily while the work was completed. The project was eventually finished by Augustus in 29 B.C. The Curia Julia is one of only a handful of Roman structures to survive to the modern day mostly intact, due to its conversion into the basilica of Sant'Adriano al Foro in the 7th century. Curia Julia
SL113463. Silver denarius, RIC II-1 761, RSC II 283b, BMCRE II 214, BnF III 191, Hunter I 85, Cohen I -, SRCV I -, NGC Ch AU, strike 5/5, surface 4/5 (2400906-009), weight 3.53 g, maximum diameter 21 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 14 Sep 93 - 13 Sep 94 A.D.; obverse IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P XIII, laureate head right; reverse IMP XXII COS XVI CENS P P P, Minerva advancing right, draped, wearing helmet with crest and aegis, brandishing javelin in right hand, round shield on left arm; from a Virginia Collector, ex Eastern Numismatics Inc. (Garden City, NY, 20 Dec 2010, $675); NGC| Lookup; SOLD




  




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OBVERSE| LEGENDS|

CAESARAVGFDOMITIANCOSII
CAESARAVGFDOMITIANVS
CAESARAVGFDOMITIANVSCOSII
CAESARAVGFDOMITIANVSCOSIII
CAESARAVGFDOMITIANVSCOSIIII
CAESARAVGFDOMITIANVSCOSV
CAESARAVGFDOMITIANVSCOSVI
CAESARAVGFDOMITIANVSCOSVII
CAESARDIVIAVGVESPFDOMITIANVSCOSVII
CAESARDIVIFDOMITIANVSCOSVII
CAESAVGFDOMITCOSII
CAESAVGFDOMITCOSIII
CAESAVGFDOMITIANCOSII
CAESDIVIAVGVESP
CAESDIVIFDOMITIANVSCOSVII
CAESDIVIVESPFDOMITIANCOSVII
DOMITIANVSAVGGERM
DOMITIANVSAVGGERMANICVS
DOMITIANVSAVGVSTVS
DOMITIANVSCAESARAVGF
IMPCAESARDOMITIANVSAVG
IMPCAESDIVIVESPFDOMITIANAVG
IMPCAESDIVIVESPFDOMITIANAVGPM
IMPCAESDOMITAVGGERMANPMTRPVII
IMPCAESDOMITAVGGERMCOSXI
IMPCAESDOMITAVGGERMCOSXICENSPOTPP
IMPCAESDOMITAVGGERMCOSXICENSPERPP
IMPCAESDOMITAVGGERMCOSXIICENSPERPP
IMPCAESDOMITAVGGERMCOSXIIICENSPERPP
IMPCAESDOMITAVGGERMCOSXIIIICENSPERPP
IMPCAESDOMITAVGGERMCOSXVCENSPERPP
IMPCAESDOMITAVGGERMCOSXVICENSPERPP
IMPCAESDOMITAVGGERMCOSXVIICENSPERPP
IMPCAESDOMITAVGGERMPMCOSVII
IMPCAESDOMITAVGGERMPMTRPOTV
IMPCAESDOMITAVGGERMPMTRPIIII
IMPCAESDOMITAVGGERMPMTRPV
IMPCAESDOMITAVGGERMPMTRPVI
IMPCAESDOMITAVGGERMPMTRPVII
IMPCAESDOMITAVGGERMPMTRPVIII
IMPCAESDOMITAVGGERMPMTRPVIIICENSPERPP
IMPCAESDOMITAVGGERMPMTRPVIIII
IMPCAESDOMITAVGGERMPMTRPX
IMPCAESDOMITAVGGERMPMTRPXI
IMPCAESDOMITAVGGERMPMTRPXII
IMPCAESDOMITAVGGERMPMTRPXIII
IMPCAESDOMITAVGGERMPMTRPXIIII
IMPCAESDOMITAVGGERMPMTRPXV
IMPCAESDOMITAVGGERMPMTRPXVI
IMPCAESDOMITAVGGERMPMTRPVIIICENSPERPP
IMPCAESDOMITIANAVGGERMCOSX
IMPCAESDOMITIANAVGGERMCOSXI
IMPCAESDOMITIANAVGGERMANIC
IMPCAESDOMITIANAVGGERMANICVS
IMPCAESDOMITIANAVGGERMV
IMPCAESDOMITIANAVGPMCOSVII
IMPCAESDOMITIANAVGPMCOSVIII
IMPCAESDOMITIANVSAVGGERMANIC
IMPCAESDOMITIANVSAVGGERMANICVS
IMPCAESDOMITIANVSAVGPM
IMPCAESDOMITIANVSAVGPONT
IMPDOMITAVGGERM
IMPDOMITAVGGERMCOSXI
IMPDOMITIANCAESDIVIVESPFAVGPMTRPPPCOSVII
IMPDOMITIANCAESDIVIVESPFAVGPMTRPPPCOSVIII
IMPDOMITIANVSAVG


REFERENCES|

American Numismatic Society (ANS) Collections Database Online - http://numismatics.org/search/search
Banti, A. & L. Simonetti. Corpus Nummorum Romanorum. (Florence, 1972-1979).
Burnett, A. & M. Amandry. Roman Provincial Coinage II: From Vespasian to Domitian (AD 69-96). (London, 1999).
Butcher, K. Coinage in Roman Syria: Northern Syria, 64 BC - AD 253. Royal Numismatic Society Special Publication 34. (London, 2004).
Calicó, E. The Roman Avrei, Vol. I: From the Republic to Pertinax, 196 BC - 193 AD. (Barcelona, 2003).
Carradice, I. & T. Buttrey. The Roman Imperial Coinage, Vol. II, Part 1: From AD 69 to 96. (London, 2007).
Cayón, J. Los Sestercios del Imperio Romano, Vol. I: De Pompeyo Magno a Matidia (Del 81 a.C. al 117 d.C.). (Madrid, 1984).
Cohen, H. Description historique des monnaies frappées sous l'Empire Romain, Vol. 1: Pompey to Domitian. (Paris, 1880).
Giard, J. Le monnayage de l'atelier de Lyon, De Claude Ier à Vespasien (41-78 après J.-C.), et au temps de Clodius Albinus (196-197 après J.-C.). (Wetteren, 2000).
Giard, J. Monnaies de l'Empire romain, III Du soulèvement de 68 après J.-C. a Nerva. Bibliothèque nationale de France. (Paris, 1998).
Hendin, D. Guide to Biblical Coins, 6th Edition. (Amphora, 2021).
Mattingly, H. & R. Carson. Coins of the Roman Empire in the British Museum, Vol. 2: Vespasian to Domitian. (London, 1930).
Robinson, A. Roman Imperial Coins in the Hunter Coin Cabinet, University of Glasgow, Vol. I. Augustus to Nerva. (Oxford, 1962).
Seaby, H. & R. Loosley. Roman Silver Coins, Vol. II: Tiberius to Commodus. (London, 1979).
Sear, D. Roman Coins and Their Values, The Millennium Edition, Volume One, The Republic and the Twelve Caesars 280 BC - AD 86. (London, 2000).
Vagi, D. Coinage and History of the Roman Empire. (Sidney, 1999).

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